How did the ancients record and express time?

In ancient times, midnight was midnight, also called midnight and midnight: the first hour of twelve o'clock. (23: 00 to 0 1 hour Beijing time). Ugly cock crow, also known as pheasant: the second hour of twelve o'clock. (065438+ 0: 00 to 03: 00 Beijing time). Yin Shiping Dan, also known as Dawn, Dawn and Sundan, etc. Time is the alternation of day and night. (03: 00 to 05: 00 Beijing time). Sunrise in Shi Mao, also known as the beginning of the day, dawn and rising sun, refers to the time when the sun just appeared and Ran Ran first rose. (05: 00 to 07: 00 Beijing time). Eating in the morning is also called breakfast. When the ancients ate in the morning, it was breakfast time (07:00 ~ 09:00 Beijing time). Forty holes, also known as Yu Ri, etc. : near noon, call the corner. (09: 00 to 1 1: 00 Beijing time). Noon, also known as sunrise, noon, etc. : (Beijing time 1 1 to 13). Not long ago, it was also called sunset, sun center and so on. : The sun sets in the west. (Beijing time 13 to Beijing time 15). Feeding at the time of application, also known as day shop, late food and so on. (Beijing time 15 to 17). As time goes by, it is also called sunset, sunset and evening: it means when the sun goes down. (Beijing time 17 to 19). Dusk, also known as sunset, sunset glow, dusk, etc. At this time, the sun has set and the sky will be dark. The world is dark and everything is hazy, so it is called dusk. (Beijing time 19 to Beijing time 2 1). At this time, it was already late at night, and people stopped their activities and had a rest. Calm means quiet. (Beijing time 2 1 hour to 23: 00). More, it is the unit that ancient people used to time at night. One night is divided into five classes, each class is about one hour. At the time of day and night, the earth rotates around day and night, which is called "solar day", and the formation of day and night comes from this. The sunny ground is daytime, and the sunny ground is night. After the vernal equinox, there are more and more sunshine in the northern hemisphere, so the nights in the northern hemisphere are short and the days are long, while the days in the southern hemisphere are the opposite; After the autumnal equinox, there is more and more sunshine in the southern hemisphere, so the days in the northern hemisphere are short and the nights are long, but the opposite is true in the southern hemisphere. Traditionally, China's division of day and night is based on twelve hours, which are represented by twelve branches: Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Shen, You, Xu and Hai. Every hour is divided into eight quarters. It is divided into four quarters in the upper part and four quarters in the lower part. So every hour is equivalent to two modern hours, such as 9: 00 to 1 1. At that time, the sun shadow was measured during the day, and the time was measured by dripping water with a clepsydra (timing tool) at night. But this is not the earliest time measurement method. Prior to this, this situation was reflected by the common names in the following table. The common name in the table refers to a popular name of twelve o'clock in ancient times. This is commonly known as China ancient people used some natural and biological characteristics to time. "Cockcrow" and "people decide" rely on the characteristics that chickens crow in the middle of the night and people sleep at night. "Meal time" and "Meal time" refer to the time of meal time. The ancients had two meals a day, and breakfast was after sunrise and before the corner, so this time was called "food time"; Dinner is after sundial (west of the sun) and before sunset, so this time is called "time". The other eight times were named after the position of the sun as the main feature. Due to different seasons, the specific time difference was as long as two hours, so it was later replaced by twelve o'clock. In addition, in ancient China, there was a time-keeping method that reported many times (also called playing many times). Divide the evening into five classes: the class from 7: 00 to 9: 00, the class from 9: 00 to 1, the class from 1 to1at night, the class from1to 3: 00 in the morning and the class from 3: 00 to 5: 00 in the morning. In European and American countries, a day and night is divided into 24 hours, each hour is divided into four quarters, and it can also be divided into 60 minutes, and each minute is 60 seconds. Because the timer, clock, only 12 hours, only half of day and night, it can be distinguished by morning and afternoon, evening is 12 (24: 00), evening is 1 (morning), and noon is 12. There are two different algorithms for the start and end time of day and night. In Europe and America, 24 hours are counted from 0: 00, that is, from 12: 00 at night. The day before 12 pm, and the day after 12 pm. Twelve o'clock in China starts at midnight, from 1 1 pm to the day before11 pm and the day after 1 1 pm. In ancient times, when the child was ugly, when it was cloudy, when it was hairy, when it was old, commonly known as midnight, when it was flat, when it was sunrise, when it was in the corner, now it was 23- 1-3, 3-5, 5-7, 7-9, 9- 1, in. 1: 02，3: 00，4: 05，6: 07，8: 00，9: 00， 1- 13。 Ancient 05: 00, 15- 17: 00, 19-2 1: 00, 2 1-23: 00, just before noon, not too early. At 5438+03, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20: 08, 2 1: 22: 00, China will be a .. In the name of time, counting from eleven o'clock in the evening, the first hour is midnight, from eleven o'clock to one o'clock at midnight. 23: 00 to 1: 00, 1: 00 to 3: 00, 3: 00 to 5: 00, 5: 00 to 7: 00, 9: 00 to1:00,/kloc. 15: 00 to 17: 00, 17: 00 to 19: 00, 19: 00 to 2 1: 00, 2/kloc-0. The so-called "birthday" refers to the stems and branches at the time of birth, year, month and hour, and is named after the word * * *. In the calendar year, each earthly branch corresponds to a zodiac, also known as the zodiac. In the lunar calendar, each earthly branch corresponds to 24 solar terms from one solar term (non-neutral) to the next, and the initial one-month cycle is determined by the festival time, not from the first day to the end of a certain lunar month. Many almanac notes that a lunar month corresponds to a branch, which is only approximate but not complete. In a year, each branch corresponds to a fixed time period (hours). In ancient China, one day and night was divided into twelve sections, each called one hour, which is now two hours. Every hour has a fixed name. From eleven o'clock in the evening, the first hour is midnight, from eleven o'clock to one o'clock at midnight. It must be noted that the time periods are divided into early time periods of 0:00- 1 and late time periods of 23:00-24:00. The zodiac corresponding to the earthly branch, the solar cycle corresponding to the lunar calendar, the approximate lunar month, the approximate solar month, the time of the season, the five elements, and the yin and yang are listed as follows. The solar terms of the earthly branch of the zodiac are similar to those of the lunar calendar and the solar calendar. The five elements of heavy snow of the yin and yang rats-slight cold1month 65438+February 23rd-1- beginning of spring1February 65438+1month/kloc-. In the following year, from 05: 00 to 07: 00 in March, Qingming in Chen Long-from 07: 00 to 09: 00 in March, Tuyang silk grows in summer-from 09: 00 to1kloc-0: 00 in April, and from June to June in fire yang, 65438. No sheep in summer 03: 00- 15: 00, beginning of autumn-Bailu July, 15: 00- 17: 00 Jinyang Youyou Chicken Bailu-Hanlu August,17: 00-/kloc-0. -Daxue1October165438+1October 2 1: 00-23: 00 Shuiyin has a zodiac every year, and people born in that year belong to this zodiac. A person's age is a multiple of 12, which is the year of birth, because the zodiac of that year is the same as that of a person. [Editor] There are six kinds of geographical branches, which are called "Liuhe", and there are four kinds of situations composed of three geographical branches, which are called three-in-one bureau and plenary party bureau. After this combination of geographical branches, it will also change into different five elements, so it will also produce different corresponding relationships. In addition to the convergence of local branches, local branches also collide with each other and punish each other, so there will be different reactions. Dizhi Liuhe: Zi Ugly Hair, He Huayou Hua Jin Shen Tu Painting Branch Trinity: Shen Chenzi Synthetic Water Affairs Bureau Yu Ugly Synthetic Gold Bureau Yin Wuyu Synthetic Fire Bureau Hai Mao Non-synthetic Wood Bureau Di Zhi San Hui: Haizi Ugly Society Northern Water Affairs Bureau Yu Chen Hui Oriental Wood Bureau Yu Wu Shenyou. Unitary confrontation, mutual confrontation, mutual confrontation, mutual confrontation, mutual confrontation, mutual confrontation, mutual confrontation, mutual confrontation, mutual confrontation, mutual injury, mutual injury to Shenhai, mutual injury to you, mutual punishment, mutual punishment, mutual punishment, and no ugliness. Some ancient books are divided into chapters based on local branches, such as Kangxi Dictionary. When western mathematics was first introduced into China, Chinese mathematicians used heavenly stems and earthly branches to represent letters, and the twelve earthly branches respectively represented 12 letters of k-v, and capital letters were represented by Chinese characters and lowercase letters.