Which dynasty in the history of our country do you think the royal family came to the worst end?
1127 65438+1October 9, Guo Jing, Wan Yan Wang Zong, Wan Yan Han Zong and other generals broke the city. After capturing the outer city of Kaifeng, General Jin Jun did not immediately attack the city, but occupied the outer city wall, pretending to announce peace talks and withdrawing troops. Song Qinzong really believed it, so he ordered Li He and Zhao Xu, king of Qi, to make peace in Jinying. Han Zong said: "Since ancient times, there has been a division between the North and the South. Today, what we are talking about is just cutting land." And "request" the emperor's father to negotiate with Jin Ying. Song Huizong didn't dare to go, and Song Qinzong had to go on his own behalf, on the grounds that the emperor's father was too scared and suffered from chronic diseases. [ 19-20]
1 1 At dawn on October 30th, many ministers came, which was exactly the trap of the Jin people. After Song Qinzong arrived in Jinying, Commander-in-Chief 8 Jin Jun didn't meet him, but sent someone to ask for a watch drop. Song Qinzong dare not disobey, hurriedly call a person to write down the form. However, the Jin people were not satisfied and ordered the form to be written in four or six sentences. Song Qinzong was forced to say, it's no use crying over spilt milk. Don't worry about anything else. Sun Yong, the minister, thought twice and changed it four times to satisfy Jin people. Lowering the purpose of the table is just bowing to Kim, begging for forgiveness, and extremely grovelling. After the surrender, the Jin people invited the emperor's father to come, but Song Qinzong begged him, and the Jin people no longer insisted. Then, the Jin people set up an incense table in the Zhai Palace in the north, and asked the monarchs and subjects of the Song Dynasty to bow to the north as a courtesy, and read the surrender form. It was snowing at that time, and Song Qinzong's subjects were humiliated by it, and they all secretly began to cry. After the surrender ceremony, Kim was very satisfied, so he asked him to return. [2 1]
When Song Qinzong entered the golden camp, he felt humiliated. In desperation, he became a servant of the Jin people. In retrospect, his sadness was unbearable. Unconsciously, his tears were wet. When he arrived at Nanxun Gate, Song Qinzong burst into tears when he saw the ministers and people who came to meet him. After all, there are still many subjects that care about their own safety. He was still crying before he went to the palace, and everyone inside and outside the palace was crying loudly. Song Qinzong went to Jinying for the first time, survived the robbery and came back three days later, as if it had been a lifetime ago. As soon as Song Qinzong returned to the imperial court, Jin people came to ask for ten million gold ingots, twenty million silver ingots and ten million silks. However, Song Qinzong endured humiliation and ordered a big bag of gold and silver. Jin people demanded mules and horses, and Kaifeng government rewarded them for exposure. Unexpectedly, there were more than 7,000 horses in Beijing, and the bureaucrats walked to court. The Golden Man asked for 1500 girls, but Song Qinzong dared not neglect them, and even asked his concubines to count them. The girls refused to be humiliated, and many people died. For gold, silver and silk, Song Qinzong felt that the treasury was not enough, so he ordered dignitaries and wealthy businessmen to invest in the army. The so-called capital contribution is actually robbing. For the rebels, they often flail their necks, even Zheng's family is not immune. Even so, there was still a shortage of gold and silver, and four ministers, including Mei Zhili, who was in charge of searching for gold and silver, were executed. Other officials accused by the staff are everywhere, and many people are forced to commit suicide. Kaifeng city is in chaos and depression. [2 1]
Although the Northern Song Dynasty headed by Song Qinzong was very friendly to the Jin people, their demands were still not met. Jin people threatened to rob the city and demanded to negotiate again. Song Qinzong broke out in a cold sweat. The last time he was trapped in the Golden Camp, the shadow still lingered, and new fears came to mind. I'm afraid it's run out of luck this time. At this point, Li Re water and others also urged Song Qinzong to go. After all, Song Qinzong dared not go against the wishes of the people of Jin State and had to go to Jinying again. [2 1]
Song Qinzong received a cold reception when he arrived in Jinying. Wang Zong and Han Zong didn't see him at all, and they kept him in three huts in the west wing of Zhaigong Army Camp. The furnishings in the room are extremely simple, except for tables and chairs, there is only a heatable adobe sleeping platform and two sleeping blankets. Nomads from outside were closely guarded, and the door was locked out at dusk, so Song Qinzong completely lost his freedom of movement. At this time, it is in the cold winter, and the rain and snow in Kaifeng area are continuous, and the weather is surprisingly cold. Besides enduring hunger during the day, Song Qinzong has to endure the biting cold wind at night, tossing and turning, unable to sleep. [2 1]
Song Qinzong's days in prison are like years, and his homesickness is beyond words. Song Dynasty officials repeatedly asked Ren Jin to return to Song Qinzong, but Ren Jin ignored them. On February 5th, the second year of Jingkang, Song Qinzong had to smile and accept Ren Jin's invitation to watch the ball game. After the game, Song Qinzong begged Jin Shuai to let him go back, but Han Zong severely reprimanded him. Song Qinzong was too scared to mention it again. [22]
After being detained, the Jin people claimed that the gold, silver and silks had not been counted for a day and would not be returned for a day. Song Ting heard the news and stepped up his search. Kaifeng officials directly broke into residents' homes and searched them, which was as rampant as catching treason. The people's five families supervise and protect each other, and they can report if they have anything to hide. Even the poor, monks and Taoist priests, craftsmen, and all kinds of people who advocate Excellence in Futian Hospital are being searched. By the end of the month, Kaifeng had collected gold162,000 taels, silver 2002 taels, clothes, silks and satins/KLOC-0,000,000 taels, but it was still far from the quantity required by the gold people. When Song officials delivered gold and silver to Jin Ying, the Jin people were arrogant and humiliated in every way. Since Song Qinzong went to Jinying, the snowstorm has never stopped, and people in Bianjing have no food. Ate all the leaves, cats and dogs in the city, and cut them into starvation. Coupled with the epidemic, countless people starved to death. [22]
But the Jin people still refused to give up and plundered other things to pay for gold and silver. All sacrificial vessels, the emperor's command, all kinds of classics, Dacheng musical instruments and even costume props used in hundreds of plays are among the searched. Doctors in various disciplines, musicians and craftsmen in workshops were also looted. They also plundered women crazily, and as long as they were slightly beautiful, they were captured by Kaifeng House for the enjoyment of the Jin people. At that time, the official ministers plundered the most women and were called "Grandpa Jin". Yin Xu Bingzhe of Kaifeng Prefecture is not far behind. In order to please the Jin people, he painted the woman who was unkempt and ill, dressed up in disguise, and delivered the whole car, which made Kaifeng city complain a lot and the people were miserable. [22]
On April 1 day, after plundering a large amount of gold and silver treasures, the Jin army began to retreat in two ways. Detainees include Zheng He, her prince, the emperor's grandson, princesses and concubines. Three days ago, the frontier slipped to the north; Another route is composed of officials who refuse to surrender, such as Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu and Zhu. Jin people also took away all kinds of royal ritual vessels, antique cultural relics, picture books, imperial envoys, eunuchs, advocates of Excellence, craftsmen and so on. More than 654.38 million men and women were driven away and the treasures of the Northern Song Dynasty were exhausted. Wherever the nomadic people in the distance go, their lives are ruined. Such a tragic disaster left an incurable pain for the Song people.
Jing Kang Zheng recorded the national tragedy in detail. Because it is embarrassing, most of the official history can't be recorded, so the reference value is very high. Among them, "The Man in the urn" records: In December of the first year of Jingkang, "On the 24th, Kaibao Temple caught fire. On the 25th, Rousseau imperial academy went out of the city. " In the first month of the second year, "on the 25th, Rousseau's jade books, chariots and crowns were all presented to the court, and there were 600 girls and hundreds of musicians in the workshop. On the 27th, Lu took 50 eunuchs and returned 30 in the evening. The fire from Xinsongmen to Caomen. On the 28th, 47 people including Cai Jing, Wang Fu and Tong Guan Cargill left the city. " Before and after the capture of Bianjing, nomadic people burned, looted and raped women. In the Song Dynasty, besides gold and silver, a large number of officials and people were plundered, especially women. Jin people deliberately asked for "600 women" and did not ask for boys. Leap in November of the first year of Jingkang, "On the 27th, the nomads from the giant room, the home of Ming-fire, the home of Lan Cong and the home of Meng burned thousands of rooms along the way. More than 70 women left the city. " [23-24]
According to Records of the Southern Expedition, on the 10th day of December of the first year of Jingkang, Steven Song "Wu Kai and Mo Zhuo passed on the meaning of Song Dynasty and asked the second prince, second adopted daughter, two thousand crowns, chariot jewelry and five hundred adopted daughters to pay tribute." Lu Dugu, a thousand households guarding the city, killed his brother Shang Fuzao because Shang Fuzao "lived in a big house and was raped by Lu Dugu". On the 22nd day of the first month of the second year of Jingkang, "the original military expenditure10,000,000 ingots and 5,000,000 taels of silver must be settled within ten days. If it is not enough, you will be rewarded with one thousand gold ingots for Emperor Ji [25] and Princess Wang [26], five hundred gold ingots for Zongji [27], two hundred gold ingots for clan Ji [28], five hundred silver ingots for clan wife, two hundred silver ingots for clan wife and one hundred silver ingots for your daughter, which will be chosen by the commander-in-chief. " "Since the 25th day of the first month, Kaifeng Prefecture and Tianjin have sent people into the village in an endless stream. Women, from the imperial palace to musicians, number more than 5,000, all choose to dress up. Three thousand boys and girls were chosen, and the rest were eliminated from the city. Guo Xiang (Wan Yan Han Zong) brought dozens of people, and everyone gave himself a few people above grams and one or two people below grams. " On the fifth day of the second month, Hong Yan Han Zong hosted a banquet for his generals, so that the wives in the palace could change into clothes and pour wine. Those who disobeyed were put to death. At that time, Zheng, Xu and Lu disobeyed orders and beheaded them, and there were "martyrs Zhang and Cao Shi who resisted the second prince (the one) and stabbed him to death with iron bars, bleeding for three days before opening the account." On the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, the princess and Ji Di entered the village, and the prince took the warning and everyone begged for their lives. "
"Kaifeng House Table" states: "Choose eighty-three concubines, twenty-four princesses and twenty-two imperial princesses, and give one thousand gold ingots to get one hundred and thirty-four thousand gold ingots, which is twice the welfare of the five imperial princesses in the imperial palace. There were ninety-eight concubines, twenty-eight concubines, fifty-two concubines, seventy-eight concubines and one hundred and ninety-five concubines, and they got five hundred gold ingots and two hundred and twenty-five thousand five hundred gold ingots. Clan members 124 1 person, 248,200 gold ingots are allowed. There were 479 ladies-in-waiting, 600 single women, 2000 single women, and 500 silver ingots were allowed, and the silver1587,000 ingots were obtained. There are 2000 single women and 13 14 singers, each of whom is allowed 200 pieces of silver and gets 664200 pieces of silver. There are 33 nobles, officials and women, 33 19, and 100 ingots of silver are allowed and 33 1900 ingots of silver are obtained. There are 602,000 gold ingots and 2,583,120 silver ingots allowed. " Actually, there is 1 1635, and the woman has mortgaged it for a discount. [23]
"Groans" contains: "The plundered people are there, and the princes of Lu are holding their daughters and drinking wine and meat for orchestral fun." [29]
According to the translation of Qing Palace, Yan's eldest son Sheyema took a fancy to her daughter Zhao Fujin. Yan asked to give Sheyema rich gold, but she didn't agree, because she was Cai Jing's daughter-in-law. He was furious and said, "Yesterday, I was ordered by the imperial court to remove Lu. How can you resist an order? There are two guests in the class. " Hui Zong said: "There is a heaven in the world, an emperor in the world, and everyone has a wife." But what's the use? On the way to the north, Ma also married Fujin. After returning to Beijing, Jin Taizong made a promise to "give the Fujin Emperor, Princess Xu Shengying, Gong Yaoyang Diaoer, Chen and others as concubines." Zhu from was molested by thousands of people when he went to the toilet on his way to the north. Other women were ravaged and many people died. At first, there were more than 3000 imperial clan teams. In Yanjing, there were only 1000 people left, and ten people were ill. [30]
According to the Book of Prisoners in Song Dynasty, the total number of prisoners before departure was14,000, and they were taken to the north in seven batches, of which the first batch was "more than 2,200 imperial clan men and more than 3,400 women". On March 27th, Jingkang left Guoxiang Village in Qingcheng and arrived in Yanshan on April 27th, with more than 1,900 women. Within a month, nearly half of 1500 women died. 1900 Some of the survivors were sent to Beijing by Jin Taizong. Among them, thousands of women left behind in the State of Jin, and another 300 stayed in Huan Yi Courtyard (a part of the Imperial Palace of the State of Jin, where the royal family chose young women and took in maids). These people were forced to follow the local custom of Nuzhen, and "naked in sheep's fur", which was called "leading the way". Zheng and Zhu also received the same treatment. Empress Zhu was humiliated and returned to the palace to hang herself. After being rescued, she committed suicide by drowning. The other part stayed in Yanjing and was given to the nomadic people who cut the Song Dynasty. Many women were sold as prostitutes, some were exchanged by Yan for ten horses, and some were sold to North Korea and Mongolia as slaves. [30] [3 1]
"groan" quoted gu as saying these women: "during the festival, there were no fewer than 200 thousand men and women in the song dynasty ... women divided everyone, regardless of honor and physiology; Give it to the following, ten people and nine prostitutes, and their honor will be lost and their lives will be dead. The neighbor blacksmith bought a wife with eight gold coins. It really is the daughter-in-law of the prince, the nephew of Guo Xiang, and the wife of Jinshi. " The author of Ren Yanju records one of his blacksmith neighbors, "Buying a wife with eight gold coins is really a prince's daughter-in-law, a relative's nephew and a Jinshi's daughter-in-law". Yu, the envoy of the Northern Song Dynasty to Jin, once met Zongji of the Northern Song Dynasty and became a prostitute, and wrote an inscription "Nian Nu Wa", calling her "Song Zongji, the youngest daughter of the King of Qin, married into the Qin Temple".
After Song Huizong and Qin Zong were captured by the Jin people, Hui Zong wrote "North Wall":
The west wind broke the door all night, and Eden was depressed.
Looking back at my hometown, there are no geese flying in the sky.
It was April of the lunar calendar and it was still very cold in the north. The clothes of the emperor, Emperor Qinzong and his empresses Zheng and Zhu were very thin, and they were often too cold to sleep at night, so they had to find some firewood and thatch to burn and keep warm. Zhu, the 26-year-old queen, was gorgeous and colorful, and was often molested by nomads from afar. [22]
When Song Qinzong set out, he was forced to wear a felt hat and a blue cloth, rode a dark horse, and was accompanied by Jin people. He looked crazy. He not only suffered from the hardships of the journey, but also was insulted by Jin Jun. Song Qinzong always shouted at the top of his lungs, but he was stopped. When camping at dusk, nomads from the army "hands and feet lying on the ground, (Zhao Mo), the prince and my wife" to prevent escape. On April 10, when crossing the Yellow River in Gongxian County, the driver told Zhang Shuye, who was also a member of the Privy Council, that he was going to cross the river, and Zhang Shuye died with a loud cry. In late May, when crossing Taihe Ridge, Qin Zong and others were tied on horseback. On July 20th, Hui Zong and Qin Zong met in Yanjing, and their father and son wept bitterly. [22]
When the captives arrived at Huining Mansion, the capital of Jin Dynasty (now Baicheng, 2km south of Acheng District, Harbin), the Jin people held a ceremony to present the captives, and ordered the second emperor and his empresses, the royal family, the king, the husband-in-law, and the princess to put on the clothes worn by the Jin people, wrap a headscarf on their heads, and put on sheepskin to show their upper body, and go to the Aguta Temple of Jin Dynasty for a "sheep-holding ceremony". Empress Zhu couldn't stand such a great shame and committed suicide that night. Jin people also gave insulting titles to the two emperors, calling Hui Zong "loyal to the monarch" and Qin Zong "loyal to the monarch". [20]
After the second emperor was kidnapped to the north, he was first detained in the five kingdoms city. Because I couldn't stand the torture of the Jin people, one day I cut my clothes into strips, tied a rope, and prepared to hang myself. Being held down by Qin Zong, the father and son wept bitterly. Later, the Jin people moved the second emperor to Zhou Jun. At this time, Song Huizong was very ill and soon died on the heatable adobe sleeping platform. When Qin Zong found it, the body was already stiff. Song Huizong's body was burned in a stone pit. When it's halfway burned, douse it with water and throw it into the pit. It is said that this can turn the water in the pit into lamp oil. Song Qinzong was so sad that he wanted to jump into the pit, but he was stopped, saying that the water in the pit could not be used as lamp oil after the living jumped into the pit, so Qin Zong was not allowed to jump into the pit. Song Huizong died at the age of 54. After Hui Zong's death, Song Qinzong continued to suffer and finally died in the north. [20]
During their stay in Wuguocheng, Song Huizong and Song Qinzong also drank wine and wrote poems at the banquet, so naturally they had high hopes for Song Qinzong. Song Huizong loved writing poems all his life, and his sadness as a prisoner also flooded his poems. During his exile, Song Huizong wrote many poems, but only a dozen of them survived. Among them, the most widely circulated is "On the North Wall": "The west wind broke the door all night, and Yi Deng was depressed in the lonely pavilion. Jiashan looks back three thousand miles, and there are no geese flying in the sky. " The feeling of loneliness and desolation is vividly on the paper. [20]
In February of the first year of imperial unification (111), in order to improve the relationship with the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Xizong of Jin made the dead Hui Zong the king of Tianshui County and Emperor Qinzong the duke of Tianshui County. The first is to improve the level. Originally, Hui Zong was named the second-class Duke of Confusion, and later was named the King of Tianshui County, and was promoted to the first class. The former Qin Sect was named the third-class faint Hou, and now it is named the Duke of Tianshui County and promoted to the second class. The second is to remove the insulting meaning in the original title. The third is to take Tianshui County of Zhao as the national title to show respect.
Song Qinzong's cause of death, according to the "DaSong Xuanhe suicide note" 1 156. In June, the gold master ordered Qin Zong and Liao Tianzuo to play polo. Emperor Qinzong was weak, suffering from severe wind disease and was not good at equestrian. He quickly fell off his horse and was trampled to death. It was not until the 31st year of Shaoxing (1 16 1) that Song Qinzong's death spread to the Southern Song Dynasty. In July, posthumous title "Gongwen Shunde Renxiao Emperor", the hall number Qin Zong. [34]