What did the royal family of ancient ethnic minorities call their father and mother?
The palace system was established in the Han Dynasty. The harem in Han Dynasty experienced four emperors in the early Han Dynasty, and gradually took shape in the conclusion and gain of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty and Emperor Yuan of Han Dynasty. Yu Yu's titles are divided into fourteen grades: Zhaoyi, Jieyu, Jing 'e, Hua Rong, Meiren, Bazi, Chongyi, Qizi, Goodman, Long Ambassador, Shaoshi, Wuzheng, Shunchang and Wu Juan. Non-trickling categories also include * * * harmony, entertainment, material saving, good use, and night walkers.
Cao Wei's concubines are divided into twelve categories because of their literary love affair and love for the nickname: Guidi, his wife, Shu Fei, Shuyuan, Zhao Yi, Zhao Hua, Xiurong, Yixiu, Jieyu, Ronghua, Beauty and Lover. Gold has three wives and nine concubines.
In the Southern Song Dynasty, Guidi, Guifei and Guiji were three wives; Shu Yuan, Yi Shu, Rong Shu, Zhao Hua, Zhao Yi, Xiuhua, Yixiu and Xiurong are nine wives; Take Jieyu, Ronghua, Chonghua, Cheng Hui and Lierong as the throne; Another set of temporary workers includes beautiful women, talented people and lovers.
Yang Di Yang Guang, the Emperor of Sui Dynasty, was very interested in this matter, and in this name, he became his third wife with the imperial concubine Shu Fei and De Fei. Shunyi, Shunrong, Shunhua, Yixiu, Xiurong, Xiuhua, Fuyi, Furong and Hua Fu; Twelve Jieyu, fifteen beauties, twenty-seven wives of talented people; Lin Bao has twenty-four people, twenty-four imperial concubines and twenty-four female collectors as imperial concubines.
Tang inherited the Sui system and made some changes. By the time of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty, the Empress had three concubines, namely Hui, Li and Hua, six wives, beauties and gifted scholars.
The numbering of the titles of queens in the Song Dynasty began in the Five Dynasties system, and then gradually reached the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
In addition to the Empress, there were empresses, concubines, concubines, nobles, talented people, waiters and maids in the Ming Dynasty.
The imperial court of the Qing Dynasty was divided into: a queen, a noble concubine, two concubines, four concubines, three concubines, and other dignitaries, who were always there and made uncertain promises.
Ancient Royal Appellations and Common Appellations
The appellation of ancient women in China
In ancient times, women in China also had three or six grades. As far as women are concerned, the following are common:
Lady-Zhou Dynasty "The princess of the son of heaven is called the queen, and the vassal is called the lady". In the Han Dynasty, the wife of Liehou was called "Madam", and after the death of Liehou, the son was also called Liehou, and she was called "Taifuren". Emperor gaozu's concubine is also called "madam". The mothers or wives of the kings in the Tang Dynasty, the first-class officials of civil and military affairs, and the mothers or wives of lord protector were all "wives of the country"; The mother or wife of an official who owns three or more products is a "princess's wife". The wives of Song Yipin and Er Pinguan are all called "Madame". In the Qing Dynasty, Baylor, the imperial clan, was named "Mrs." to the wife of the general of the auxiliary country. In ancient times, "madam" was sometimes a kind of honorific title for women. Nowadays, the word "madam" is often used as a polite greeting between friends.
Shu Ren-Song Huizong is customized. The grandmother, mother and wife of civil servants are all called Shu Ren. The wives of the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the generals of the imperial clan who served the country were all Shu people.
Master-the number given by the woman. In the early Song Dynasty, the government set the rank of married women, and doctors were above doctors.
People in the Song Dynasty, women with natural and graceful titles, and so on, are the six products. There are nine foreign wives, ranking fifth. Wives above doctors and doctors in China all have names.
Imperial secretary-under the influence of people, from doctors in China to doctors' wives in China, there are six products in it. Ming and Qing dynasties are the titles of the wives of Sipin officials. The Qing Dynasty also regarded the wife of General Feng En as a respected person.
Pleasant-this system began in the Zheng He period of the Song Dynasty. From serving doctors to discussing doctors, the mothers and wives of civil servants are pleasant; The rank of military attache is equivalent. After the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, according to the titles of their sons or husbands, there were seven titles in the Yuan Dynasty and five titles in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
An Ren-from above to the doctor's wife under pleasant conditions. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was the title of Mrs. Liu Pinguan.
Confucian-According to the Book of Rites. "Under the Quli" records: "Princess Tianzi is the queen, the vassal is the wife, the doctor is the wife, the scholar is the wife, and Shu Ren is the wife". Song Dynasty is the title of mother or wife above Tong Zhilang, while the title of mother or wife of Qipinguan. In the past, it was also often used as a courtesy title for slaves.
The titles of the above-mentioned ladies are arranged from bottom to top according to the ranks of women appointed in the Song Dynasty: Confucian, peaceful, pleasant, respectful, charming, knowledgeable, graceful and graceful, and madam.
Lady-from the word "Mrs Lear" in the Book of Songs, which means "women are scholars", is a metaphor for women's manly behavior and talent, and is also a courtesy title for women with knowledge and cultivation.
Maiden-from Mulan Ci: "After traveling together for thirteen years, I knew Mulan was a maiden", which means the ambition of "Lang is among women" and is also synonymous with young women.
Female flow-from the Scholars: "Look at her as a female flow, but there are many heroic scenes." In ancient times, it was a general term for women. Ancient Royal Appellations and Common Appellations
Female history-history is a title for officials in charge of court etiquette, classics and documents. In ancient times, a few learned women became such officials, so they were called "women's history".
Female Bachelor-Originated from the Northern and Southern Dynasties "Chen Houzhu takes maid-in-waiting and writer Yuan Dashe as a bachelor." Later, she was called a talented woman.
Countess-In the pre-Qin period, the son of a vassal was called "childe" and his daughter was called "microscope".
Woman-an ornament on the head of ancient women, is also synonymous with women.
Fei-Han system called the emperor's daughter "Fei", which was also a general term for the emperor's daughter in the old society.
Miss-the old name for unmarried women comes from the sentence "only one young lady is born, and the small word Yingying" in The West Chamber. In modern times, he has become a respectful name for young women.
Thousands of pure gold-formerly known as "golden thousand taels", is a kind of treasure, which originated in the Song Dynasty and was later used to address other people's daughters.
Lingyuan-Ling, the meaning, origin and meaning of goodness and beauty; Originated in the Tang Dynasty, it is used as a courtesy title for colleagues, friends and daughters.
Skirt-Skirt is the costume of ancient women. In ancient and modern books, it is often opposite to the male pronoun "man", and it is also a general term for women.
Lady-from the Book of Rites Quli: "The princess of the son of heaven is called the queen, and the vassal is called the lady". In the pre-Qin period, the wives of governors and concubines of emperors were both called wives. Because the title of wife contains noble meaning, it is now widely used to refer to married women.
Customized by Mrs. Ming Dynasty. The wife of a scholar-bureaucrat was called "wife" before the age of thirty. Until the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, she was used to honoring the wives of celebrities from all walks of life. At present, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan are also used to calling her in some parts of China.
Ruren-in ancient times, it was originally called the wife of a scholar-bureaucrat. People are used to respecting other people's mothers or wives.
Taijun-the title of the mother of an ancient official, later used to address other people's mothers.
Good family-an ancient title of respect for talented women.
A "girl" refers to a woman in her prime. 【 stunning beauty 】 refers to the unparalleled beauty in the world.
There are many beautiful women in Yanzhao, and the beautiful woman is Yan Ruyu. Therefore, young and beautiful women are always called "Jade Man", "Bi Man", "Beauty", "Jade Girl", "Jiao Wa", "Xi Shi", "stunner" and "Qing E".
"Talented woman" refers to a woman with literary talent.
"Don't be a scholar" refers to a talented woman.
【 foliage proposal 】 refers to a frivolous and delicate woman.
"Soft jade and warm fragrance" refers to a gentle young woman.
"Bitter plum on the roadside" refers to abandoned women.
"Xiaojiabiyu" refers to the beauty in a small family. There is a saying in the "Jasper Song" in the ancient Yuefu that "Jasper is a little girl and dare not climb your virtue".
A beautiful and faithful woman is called "Luo Fu".
An ugly and virtuous woman is called "no salt"
Address other people's daughters as "Qianjin", "Lingyuan" and "microscope".
Address other people's wives as "madam" and "madam", except for "meeting place", "room owner" and "room room". Address your wife as "wife", "wife", "wife", "wife" and so on.
The appellations of ancient emperors in China include king, emperor, posthumous title, temple number, year number, etc. Some posthumous title are scattered in some ancient books. I usually read books and collected some. Here are some for your reference. 1, Emperor Wang: The honorific title of the king is still the king. See "The Book of Songs, the Voice of the King of Literature": "The four directions are one, and the emperor is the king." Zhu Jichuan: "The emperor has the title of the world and is called the king of Wu."
2. Huang Zu: the ancestor of the emperor. According to the Ming Dynasty, the imperial court offered sacrifices to the ancestral temple, and the ancestors of the emperor were above the ancestors of the emperor.
3. Emperor Bi: another name for the emperor. "Sui Shu Wang Shaozhuan": "The emperor is the emperor, and the emperor is great; Never put off till tomorrow what you can. When the great king came out, Gai said that the supreme was ordered to be the son of heaven. "
4. Lord: the title of ancient monarch. "Shang Jun Book Jun Chen": "Ruled by the old country, the territory is vast, and the soldiers are strong and respectful."
5. Country Lord: the title of monarch. Li said in Zi Jian (Volume 214): "I am in charge of family affairs, so why ask outsiders?"
6. Master: the title of monarch. The True Story of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Zhi and Fa Zheng Zhuan said: "Or Zhuge Liang said:' Fa is too vertical and horizontal in Shu County, so the general should enlighten his master and restrain his arrogance. "
7. monarch: another name for the monarch. "Mozi returns to righteousness": "And the Lord also tasted soup?"
8. Jun: Jun and Tianzi. Shang Shu Da Yu Mo: "Elect the four seas to be the king of the world."
9. Wang: the title of emperor. "Mandarin Wu Yu": "If you don't keep it today, you will be angry and return to the army, and you will definitely cut the country."
10, master: the master of the people, referring to the monarch. Shang Junshu said deeply: "One person can't rule others in the world, and there is no chaos in the world."
1 1, Ren Jun: refers to the emperor. Shang Jun's Law on Prudence: "If you don't keep the monarch and invade the princes, you will rob the people." Ancient Royal Appellations and Common Appellations
12, the first emperor: the father of the emperor who died in the current dynasty. Zhuge Liang's "The former model": "The first emperor did not start a business, and the middle road collapsed."
13, Xianjun: Ancient emperors called their ancestors. "The Book of Songs Ye Feng Yan Yan": "The grace of the first monarch is to marry me."
14, successively: titles of previous kings. "Biography of Han Weixian": "I have been here, hoping that I will stay here for a long time." Yan Shigu's Note: "Succession is the first gentleman."
15, Dedication to politics: first monarch, then emperor. "Book of Rites and Rites" quotes a poem saying: "I was correct in the past and my words were clear." Zheng Xuan's Note: "Shouzheng, Chief."
16, the first emperor: the title of the last emperor. Tang, one of Du Fu's poems "Remembering the past": "Remembering the past, the emperor visited Shuofang and rode thousands of miles into Xianyang."
17, ancestor: the title of the founding monarch. The History of the Three Kingdoms includes Biography of Ancestors.
18, Gong Xian: a courtesy title for the ancestors of emperors and vassals. "On Mandarin Lu": "The princes worship the first king, the first public." Zhao Wei's Note: "The first man, the first gentleman."
19, Holy King: an ancient wise monarch. Lu Chunqiu On Man: "This holy king knows the reason of man."
20. Everyone: the title of the emperor in the palace by courtiers or queens. "Biography of Li Guofu in the New Tang Dynasty": "My generation, assisting the country, and so on, became more and more domineering, and even said to the emperor,' Everyone should sit in the palace first, and foreign affairs should be handled by the old slaves. "
2 1, Wang: honorific title for an emperor. History of Xuanzong in the Old Tang Dynasty: Or "enlighten the king first."
22. Dajun: another name for the ancient emperor. Song. Fan Zhongyan: "Six Officials Fu": "There are also six officials in Iraq, so they manage politics and assist the monarch. '
23. honorific title for the emperor. Zhao Ming's anthology of gold talks about death: "Since the great emperor is gone, the young master will go to North Korea."
24. Grand Court: the name of the legendary ancient emperor. Zhuangzi: "Yesterday, Rong Shicheng, Da Shiting, ... Shennong, when the time comes, the people tied the rope and used it."
25. Daxiang and Daxiang Emperor: nicknames for the late emperor. "The History of Andy in the Later Han Dynasty": "Being an emperor will last forever."
26. Holy, holy Lord, holy Lord, holy, holy king, and holy wisdom: they are all honorifics for the emperor. Ban Gu's Du Dong Fu: "Therefore, the holy family gambles on the happiness of thousands of people and bathes in ointment."
27. Shang: Shang is sometimes called monarch and emperor. Book of Rites: "Respect the monarch and kiss him, and then promote learning."
28. Today: the title of emperor at that time. Sometimes called today. Preface to Shi Gong, Historical Records: "Han Xing, the fifth generation, prospered in the construction of the Yuan Dynasty, busy with barbarians outside, practicing Buddhism inside, and closing its doors and meditating. Correct the new moon, easy to take color. Do the twelfth part of this history. "
29. shang huang: the ancient emperor. Zheng Xuan: "Preface to Poetry": "The prosperity of poetry is not the boundary of emperors."
30. Wang: the title of emperor before Qin Dynasty. Xunzi Wang Ba: "The law of a hundred kings is different."
3 1, Step 1: Courtesy of the courtiers to the monarch before and after the Warring States Period. According to legend, Jin Wengong missed the referral in the Spring and Autumn Period. "The warring states policy. Yan Yi: "If the first step is enough, then the minister will do nothing."
32. Long live: The words of congratulations from ancient subjects to princes evolved into the honorific titles of emperors after Qin and Han Dynasties.
33. Your Majesty: After the Qin Dynasty, the emperor called him Your Majesty.
34. Loneliness, incorruptibility, loneliness, incorruptibility and injustice: the ancient princes boasted of modesty. Laozi: "You must be humble, you must be below, and the princes claim to be lonely and not greedy." In the twenty-third year of Zuo Zhuan, the public said, "The king of Chu liked it, saying,' Why can't you be defeated if you are an enemy of Jin?' "
35. Widowed monarch: a title of respect given by a minister to a monarch of another country. "Zuo Zhuan" Xi Gong four years: Qi Hou said: "Why not? The advantage of the late king is succession. What's the difference between not winning? " Yes, I said, "Your kindness is good for the country of a humble town. It is a shame to accept your widowhood."
36. King: the title of monarch or emperor. It is also the highest knighthood. It was used from Han Dynasty to Ming Dynasty.
37. Monarchs and kings. "Selected works. Li Ling's Answer to Su Wu Shu: "Therefore, I want to serve my country as mentioned in the previous book. "38. Emperor: the title of ancient monarch. For example, three emperors and five emperors.
39. Empress Wang: the title of ancient monarch. Xunzi Meticulousness: "The beginning of heaven and earth is now; Hundreds of Wang Zhidao, the Queen also. " Queen: the king of today.
Ancient royal appellation and common appellation 40. Wang Su: the title of the ancient emperor. Taoism says that the king of the plains is the one who has the virtue of being an emperor and does not have to occupy the position of an emperor. Confucianism calls Confucius the king of elements. 4 1, Lord: monarch.
42. Young Master: Little Emperor. "Tang Xinyu" Volume 11: "When the emperor was growing up, he ordered Pei Yan to help the young master."
43. Country Lord: the name of the monarch. "Tang Xin Yu" Volume 1: "Song Jing said:' The Prince has made great contributions to the world and is the God of the country. "How dare he disagree?" "
44. After Yuan Dynasty: the title of son of heaven or monarch. Later generations also called the emperor's first wife Hou Yuan.
45. Shejun: the title of young master.
46. Head of State: the monarch.
47. Yuan Jun: the benevolent monarch.
48. Heir emperor, Heir monarch, Heir saint and Heir king: the emperor who inherits the throne. "Book of Rites Qu Lixia": "Practice and sacrifice, filial piety is king, and foreign affairs are king."
49. Driving, driving, driving, royal driving, sacred driving, and respectful driving: at first, it was the general term for the emperor to ride a car, and later it was often called the emperor's name. Biography of Eunuchs in the Old Tang Dynasty: "The frequent driving of chariots led to the court moving, and the court became weaker and weaker. It turned out that the disaster started from the Chinese. "
50. Wancheng: the name of the emperor. "Mencius Hui Liang Wang Shang Shang": "There must be thousands of countries that ride thousands of horses and kill kings." Weekly system: the emperor is thousands of miles away, and the army drives thousands of cars; The vassal land is hundreds of miles, and the army is thousands of cars. So Wan Cheng is called the son of heaven.
5 1. Ride: the emperor's car, later called the emperor. "The Biography of Geng Yan in the Later Han Dynasty": "The courtiers will beat the cows and drink for the officials."
52. Huangyu: The emperor's car was later called the emperor. Qu Yuan's Lisao: "Afraid of the defeat of the imperial court."
53. Allah: another name for the emperor, the so-called Mr. Right. "The History of the Later Han Dynasty Wang Changchuan": "Chang Dawu said:' Wang Mang usurped the throne and abused the world, and the people thought it was Han, so heroes rose together. Today, Liu's revival means that God is there. " "
54. Real people: another name for emperors. "Historical Records of the First Qin Emperor": "In thirty-five years, the first emperor said,' I admire real people and call them real people, not me. ”"
55. The son of heaven: the monarch. "Book of Rites Quli": "Summer is called the son of heaven."
56. Tianwang: In the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, Tiandi was only the king. After the Spring and Autumn Period, some governors such as Chu and Wu successively claimed the title of king, honoring Zhou Wang as the king of heaven. Later, it generally referred to feudal emperors. Du Fu's poem "Remembering the Past" said: "Dogs come straight to sit on the imperial bed, and hundreds of officials trip the heavenly king."
57. Tian Yan: The face of the emperor is called the emperor.
58. Prison: a disparaging term for the emperor. Zhang refuted Kang Youwei's book On Revolution: "A prisoner who has lost his land thinks that he is the head of the Han Dynasty, which is different from putting a sinner in prison and treating him as a king."
59.Sotian: another name for the emperor. In the past, it meant father and husband. "Biography of Liang Zang in the Later Han Dynasty": "My good brother (Dou) betrayed his faith and was later punished by Grain Rain. He has a vast expanse of land and each has his own benefits. I am relieved, wiping my eyes is more important, but I dare to die in Chen Suotian. "
60. Children: the self-proclaimed name of the Zhou Dynasty emperor at the time of mourning. "Zuo Zhuan" Xi Gong nine years: "Where there is mourning, Wang Yue is the son, and the Duke Hou Zi said."
6 1, Chongren: the humble words declared by the young emperor.
62. Taizu and Gaozu: honorifics for the founding emperor. It is often used as the name of a temple. Such as Emperor Gaozu, Tang Gaozu, Song Taizu and Ming Taizu.
63. sai-jo: honorific title for the founding emperor. It is often used as the name of a temple. Such as Yuan Shizu and Qingshi Group.
64. Imperial Examination: This is a name. (Yuan Shou was born in Taiyuan, Taishouhui, he was born in the plain, Taishoulie, Lielie was born in Ningyuan, Zhen was born in Kao Zhong Emperor), which often refers to the late father of the current emperor of the Qing Dynasty.
65. Dahong: refers to the emperor who has just passed away and has not been called the temple name or posthumous title.
66. Taiwanese businessmen: This refers to the ancient imperial era. The Book of Rites Quli says, "It's too expensive." Interpretation: "Taishang Laojun is the world of three emperors and five emperors." Later generations honored the emperor as the supreme leader.
67. Taizong: the honorary title of the second generation emperor of the People's Republic of China.
68. Khan: the title of supreme ruler of Xianbei, Rouran, Turkic, Uighur, Mongolian and other ethnic groups in ancient times. It was first used by Xianbei people in the third century. 69. Khan: In the Han Dynasty, Huns called their monarch Khan. Langzhu: the title of northern monarch in Liao and Jin Dynasties.
70. Animal husbandry: another name for the monarch. That is, the person who rules the people. "Mencius Hui Liang Wang Shangshang": "There are all murderers today."
7 1, No.9 middle school: originally refers to the Forbidden Palace, the residence of the emperor. "Nine Debates on Songs of the South": "The door of the monarch is nine times heavy." Later, he was called the son of heaven. Old Tang books. Biography of Eunuch: "The relationship between all kinds of machines and dismissal, and the nine-fold waste is self-reliance."
72. Imperial court: It originally referred to the place where the emperor received officials and handled political affairs, and it was also synonymous with the central government and the emperor.
73. Shang Ming and Wang Ming: honorifics for the emperor.
74. Stepmaster: Jun. Some of the last emperors were also called emperors. Such as Chen Houzhu in the Southern Dynasties and Li Houzhu in the Five Dynasties.
75. County official: synonymous with the emperor. In ancient times, Wang Ji's capital was called the county, so the county magistrate was also called the court.
76. Butler: another name for the emperor and the court. Hu Sansheng: "The Western Han Dynasty called the son of heaven a county magistrate, and the Eastern Han Dynasty called the son of heaven a country, so it was also called it. Or: Five emperors rule the world, and three kings rule the world, hence the name. " Bai Juyi's poem "Xi Ba County": "From then on, time belongs to myself, and a few years ago it belongs to the government."
77. Supreme: the name of the emperor. Jia Yi's "On Qin": "Follow the supreme and make Liuhe, hold the pestle and whip the world."
The words in The Book of Songs, such as Poem/Feng Wei/Self-protection, banquet in general perspective, Qi Feng/Fu Tian, are all in general perspective. In the future, it will be called childhood "total angle". Preface to Tao Yuanming's Poem Murong: "The general angle hears the Tao, and the white poem achieves nothing."
Look down: refers to childhood.
In ancient times, boys were not crowned and their hair drooped, so "crying" was used to refer to childhood. Pan Yue's "Borrowing Land Fu": "Being shaken by Brown is always looked down upon." Bundle hair: refers to teenagers.
Generally speaking, it means 15 years old. At this time, you should learn all kinds of skills. Dai Dai Li Ji/Fu Bao: "Go to college, learn big skills and perform big festivals."
Logistics: refers to female 15 years old.
From the Book of Rites, "A woman ... died five years ago". "Cue" means for marriage, which means that you have reached the age of marriage. Waiting year: refers to the adult marriage of women, also known as "waiting word".
Later Han Dynasty/Empress Cao said that "the young stay in the country". In the future, women's marriage age will be called "waiting year". "Selected Works/Wensong Emperor Yuan Empress's Funeral Policy": "I am waiting for the New Year, and my golden voice is vibrating."
Weak crown: refers to a 20-year-old man
In the Book of Rites/Quli, it is said that "twenty is weak and the crown is high". The ancient man was crowned at the age of 20, indicating that he had reached adulthood. Zuo Si wrote in a poem "Ode to History": "A weak crown makes a gentleman stand out from the crowd."
Standing: refers to 30 years old.
The Analects of Confucius/Politics stands at thirty. In the future, thirty will be called the year of "standing". Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio/Monk Changqing: "When a friend comes to his hometown, respect him, and see that he is silent and sincere, he is only young." There is no doubt: it means 40 years old.
The Analects of Confucius/Politics is "forty without confusion". In the future, use "no confusion" to represent 40 years old. Ying Kun's "Answer to Han Wenxian's Letter": "My first year, I am not confused."
Ai: It means 50 years old.
The Book of Rites/Qu Lishang's Fifty Words of Love. Old people have pale hair. "The Popular Romance of the Republic of China" 37 times: "... I have reached the age of Ai, what am I dissatisfied with?"
Flower armor: refers to 60 years old.
Named after heavenly stems and earthly branches's intricate name. Ji Chenggong's Chronicle of Tang Poetry (Volume 66): "(Zhao Mu) Li Changji, a middle school student in Xian Tong, wrote a short song and said to the wine,' Manually spend sixty flowers, and the cycle is like a pearl'."
Gu Xi: It means 70 years old.
From Du Fu's Qujiang Poems: "Wine and debts are everywhere, and life is seventy years old." Also known as "Gu Xi".
Whitehead: refers to old age, also known as "Whitehead".
"The Biography of Lu Qiang in the Later Han Dynasty": "Therefore, Duan Ying, the commander in chief, is the best in the world and is used to border affairs with outstanding achievements."
Yellow hair: refers to the long-lived elderly.
The book of songs, such as "poem/truffle/palace" and "Huangfa Taipei". The old man's hair turned from white to yellow. Cao Zhi's "Giving a White Horse to Wang Biao": "Wang Qi loves the county and enjoys the yellow hair period." Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden: "I am yellow and I am happy."
Chubei: refers to the long-lived elderly.
The Book of Songs commonly includes Poetry/Elegance/Walking Reed, Huangtaipei, Taitai, Tun and so on. Erya/Poetic Art: "A broken back leads to a long life." The old man has spots on his back like mackerel.
Period: refers to a hundred years old. Ancient Royal Appellations and Common Appellations
Language "Book of Rites/Quli Shang" is "a hundred years, easy". It is said that centenarians depend on their children and grandchildren to support them. Su Rub's "Two Rhymes and Three Trilogy": "You might as well build it around and count the days."
Reader's Digest No.1 1983
Tanghe cake period: Babies were born in three dynasties, which is called Tanghe cake period.
This language is Liu Yuxi's "Send a Wash Poem".
First degree: refers to the first year of a child's life.
From The Story of Childhood Learning by Qing Dynasty writer Cheng. Later, it was also commonly called "the first birthday". For example, the 60th birthday was called "60th birthday".
Spoon: refers to children.
The language "Biography of Han Poetry" Volume 1: "Male was born with teeth in August and toothless at the age of eight. July female teeth, seven years old and teeth ... "
Teaching age: refers to a nine-year-old child.
Year of foreign happiness: refers to a ten-year-old child.
Dance spoon year: refers to the age of thirteen for children.
All the above are from Ji.
The year of broken melon: refers to a sixteen-year-old woman.
This is the old literati who split the word "melon" into two words to mark the year. "Popular Edition/Women": "Song Xieyou's Ci:' A boy with a broken melon has a small waist'. According to custom, it is wrong to beat a woman to pieces. The word melon is broken into two or eight words, and it is said that it is two or eight years old. " The year of the broken melon is also called sixty-four. "Popular Compilation" says: "If you give Zhang:' Success should be in the year of breaking melons', then he will be 8864 years old". In the year of having a house, men take women as their houses and women take men as their homes, so the year of having a house is the year of getting married. The language is "Li/Qu Li Shang".
The year of the Zhang family: refers to fifty years old.
Year of Zhang Xiang: refers to sixty years old.
Zhang Guo year: refers to 70 years old.
Age of the staff: eighty years old.
All the above titles are from Wang Zhi.
Summer harvest: sixty years old.
Tadashi: Eighty years old.
Shang Shou: One hundred years old.
The above topic comes from Zhuangzi.
Flowers reopen: 120 years old.
Celebrate both antiquity and rarity: 140 years old.
In addition, people over the age of 60 are collectively referred to as "old people" and people over the age of 80 are called "otters". Others refer to the elderly as "Dragon Bell" and "Down and Out Year". Guang Yun: "Dragon bells, bamboos and old people shake like bamboo sticks, and they are forbidden to hold them until they are cured. People's embarrassment, the flowing water of the Tao is also blocked, such as people's experience, so the cloud. "
In fact, in ancient times, members of the royal family did not necessarily emphasize their royal status, and many times they were not much different from those used by civilians. "Father" and "mother" are generally only used in written language or formal occasions, at least in the Song Dynasty. The following is my understanding of this topic. Please correct me if there are any mistakes. First, the father of the Song Dynasty, the emperor's daughter's oral address to her father is not "father emperor", but "father" like ordinary people.
Mr. Shang (Emperor) Taste Yan said, "I am ashamed to know that you are not as good as others. As soon as your sister comes back, you will choose yourself. " The sage bowed again and said to him, "Elder sister is far away in the north, but my concubine is not in the province. Every time it's beautiful, I serve a table of banquets, and tears come to my stomach just to think about it. I really never dreamed of this. " -"News Record of the Four Dynasties: A Journey of Sages without Jealousy"
Third, grandfather.
Great-grandfather is "grandfather", and grandfather is "Weng Weng" or "Da Die".
Exodus: The sage scolded Wang Li and said, "I met your father-in-law, your father-in-law and your grandfather, and now I see you." After that, I cried a few lines. -"Four Dynasties Lu Wenjian Huang Ning acceded to the throne" Guangzong, the third son of Xiaozong. At the beginning of Wen Zhuang's reign, Emperor Gaozong of Xiaozong established Guangzong. On the night of the announcement, Deshou told Wei to stay in the forbidden area. You can keep your books when you return to your residence the next day. Di Wei returned to the high temple and said, "Weng Liukai wants his third brother to be a prince more and more." The emperor said affectionately, "Do you think it is easy for the government to handle affairs? Worry when you do it. " (Wei is the second son of Xiaozong, and the prince is the second son. The foundation should be established, but Xiaozong, with his third son, respected the king's "brave martial arts" and actually established it. Therefore, Wang Wei complained to the emperor that grandpa left him "to make the third brother more and more like a prince." )-"The Remains of the West Lake"
Fourth, grandma
Great-grandmother is a "big mother".
Grandma is a "queen".
Ancient royal appellation and common appellation and brothers and sisters
In the Song Dynasty, princes were all called "elder brothers", regardless of age, according to ranking, such as "elder brother", "third brother" and "Tian Wen". God is older than Qi, but he also calls Vivi "second brother", not "second brother".
The emperor also called the prince, such as Evonne called Zhao Gou Tian Wen and Zhao Gou called Zhao Yuan Big Brother.
The princess is called "elder sister" or "elder sister", and there is also a ranking.
VI. Children's Views on Parents
The emperor and the imperial clan call themselves "ministers" in front of their parents and grandparents, not "children".
The princess usually doesn't have too many restrictions. You can call her "I" in spoken language, but you should call her "concubine" when you officially go to the table to stamp. Before God ruled, princess royal had the privilege of not calling himself a concubine, but later he discussed in the court: "If men and women treat each other with concubines, they are relative in righteousness and reality. Today, all imperial officials and uncles are called princes, that is, princesses should be called concubines. It is difficult to apply to the court for gifts from family members. Please come down from princess royal and call yourself a concubine every time you wear a watch. " God is obedient.
Seven, concubines claim to be.
Concubines call themselves "courtiers" or "concubines" of the queen. There are also people called "slaves" or "slaves", but that seems to be in their low rank. The queen also called herself "concubine" in front of the emperor.
Concubines usually call themselves "Biao", but they are not "My Palace", because in the Song Dynasty, concubines could not live in a palace, but only in a pavilion, a pavilion or a place. Example:
After the song, Wanrong (the Emperor and Princess Liu) finished their tea, and then played the Queen Mother's cloud: "I have learned two girls, Qionghua and Green Flower. They can play the piano, play chess, write, draw bamboo and recite ancient Chinese. If you like, you can accept them and play with the official. " So, he ordered each of them to take out their own skills and make 30 pieces of Ruanpu by themselves. -"Old Wulin Stories"
Eight, the Queen Mother calls herself the ancient royal appellation and ordinary appellation.
Empress Dowager and Empress Dowager call themselves "old women".
Exodus: The Empress Dowager cried and said to her husband, "The country is unfortunate, and the great emperor has no heirs, so it must be decided as soon as possible." Zhang Dun snapped, "Like mom and brother, Wang Jingying." The queen mother said, "An old man has no children, and all kings respect their children."
Empress Dowager Tai (Gao Jia) said, "Today, my illness is getting worse, and I will not see you again. I am willing to help the imperial court." He also said, "If you die, there will be many people molesting the government. Don't listen to them." But he called around to make dinner for the club and said, "Next year, you should think about your old age."
-"A Mirror of Continuing Education"
Nine, the emperor claimed to be
I ... everyone knows this, but we can pay a little attention. In fact, the emperor did not always claim to be like this. He used the word "I" in court, when discussing with ministers, or when talking business with the court family on more formal occasions. I usually go back to the palace to chat with my family, and most of the time I call myself by the simplest word-me.
X. a speech to the emperor
Besides the emperor's daughter, the empress dowager, empress, concubines, ministers, eunuchs, ladies-in-waiting and civilians usually call the emperor "the official" or "everyone", and those who are forbidden to discuss privately are also called "the official". However, when you are in court or on the throne, you should be called "Your Majesty". When ministers discuss with the emperor, they usually call them Your Majesty.
In a word, "Your Majesty" is a more formal and prudent title than "official". Empresses are usually called the official family of the emperor, but they are also called Your Majesty on formal occasions or when talking about serious matters.