The weather is cold. How did you keep warm in ancient winter?

Clothing: The so-called cloth in ancient China generally refers to linen. People use the word "cloth" to describe ordinary people because the poor cannot afford silk fabrics and can only cover their bodies with linen. From the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Tang and Song Dynasties, silk and linen provided tens of millions or even hundreds of millions of Chinese people with clothing, bedding and other daily necessities. By the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, cotton gradually replaced silk and linen and became an important natural fiber crop in China. In ancient times, fur coats were made of high-grade animal hair such as lambskin or fox-white fur, while the common people used low-quality sheepskin or dog skin.

Architecture: Buildings are generally facing south, which is conducive to relying on sunlight for heating. Moreover, both the main house and the side house have thick walls and roofs to keep warm.

Firepit: Firepit is the oldest way of heating. From the excavations of Banpo, Jiangzhai and other sites, it can be seen that the stove and kang located near the door of the original house was a facility that combined cooking and heating. It can not only absorb oxygen blown in from outside to promote combustion, but also block the cold wind blown in from the door in winter.

Fire kang: Most ordinary people in the south rely on thick quilts to resist the cold, while houses in the north generally have fire kangs with holes inside, and the heat generated by combustion enters the kang in winter. channel to heat. This heating method is still used in northern rural areas.

Underground Kang: Common people and nobles with better conditions have more advanced heating equipment - Underground Kang. Its structure is to dig a few feet under the corridor or eaves on one or both sides of the house. There is a deep fire pit, and a stove is built in the pit. The flue of the stove circulates back and forth under the indoor floor. In this way, the hot smoke heats the large square brick paved floor for indoor heating. It has no smoke pollution and avoids the risk of gas poisoning. The hot air rises from the ground, making the indoor heating very even. In the absence of modern heating and air conditioning equipment, the floor Kang is a very advanced heating equipment.

Fireplaces: According to "Qin Palace Culture", archaeologists found three fireplaces next to the bathing pool at the Xianyang Palace ruins, which seemed to be equipment for heating. There is an ash pit in front of the furnace mouth, and there is a charcoal trough on the left side of the furnace, which shows that the fuel used in this fireplace is charcoal. Charcoal does not have a large flame and burns for a long time, which can keep the indoor temperature stable for a long time. It reflects the advanced building heating technology in ancient my country.

Fire wall: The practice of fire wall has also been discovered at the Changle Palace site of Qin Dynasty, which uses two interlocking tiles to make a pipe, which is wrapped in the wall and connected to the stove for heating.