Selected jokes in ancient classical Chinese

Hello, let me answer it for you:

[Edit this paragraph] Title notation

Two children debate the day (liǎng xiǎo ér biàn rì)

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[Edit this paragraph] Original text

Confucius was traveling eastward and saw two children arguing and asked him why.

Yi'er said: "I think that when the sun begins to rise, people are close, but when the sun is at midday, they are far away." "The time is near."

Yi'er said: "At the beginning of the day, it is as big as a car hood, and at the middle of the day, it is like a pan. Isn't this why the far one is small and the near one is big?"

Yi'er said: "At the beginning of the day, it is cool in Cang (cāng), and in the middle of the day it is like exploring the soup. Isn't it hot for those who are close and cool for those who are far away?"

Confucius couldn't decide.

The two children laughed and said: "Who (shú) knows more about you (rǔ)?"

[Edit this paragraph] Notes

Eastward Journey: Travel to the East.

And: to.

Bateu: Debate, fight for victory or defeat.

So: reason, reason.

To: think, think.

Go to: distance.

Car hood: The car hood is used to keep out the sun and rain.

Sunday: noon.

And: to, to.

Then: Just.

Pan Yu: A container for holding things. The round one is called a plate, and the square one is called a bowl.

For: the same as "predicate", say.

Cangcang Liangliang: refreshing and slightly chilly. Cangcang: means cold.

Touch the soup: Put your hand into the hot water. It means the weather is hot.

Soup: hot water.

Jue: decision, judgment.

Who: Who.

Ru: You.

Zhi: Same as "wisdom" wisdom.

[Edit this paragraph] Translation

Confucius went to the East to study. When he saw two children arguing, he asked them the reason for the argument.

A child said: "I think the sun is close to people when it first rises, and it is far away from people at noon."

Another child thought that when the sun first rose, it was far away from people. Stay away from people, and be close to people at noon.

The first child said: "When the sun just rises, it is as big as a car hood. At noon, it looks like a plate. This is not the case. Things that are far away look small and things that are close look big. Is that true?”

Another child said: “It feels very cool when the sun first comes out, but at noon it’s as hot as putting your hand in hot water. It doesn’t mean that the closer you are, the hotter you feel, and the farther away you are. Is it true that the cooler you feel? ”

Confucius could not judge who was right and who was wrong.

The two children smiled and said: "Who said you are knowledgeable?"

[Edit this paragraph] Reading

Confucius traveled eastward and saw\ The two children were arguing and asking why.

Yi'er said: "I think when the sun starts to rise, people are close, but when the sun is at noon, people are far away."

Yi'er thinks that when the sun starts to rise, people are far away, and \Sunday time\ is near.

Yi'er said: "At the beginning of the day, it is as big as a car hood, and at the middle of the day, it is like a pan. Isn't this because the ones far away are small and the ones close up are big?"

Yi'er said: "At the beginning of the day, it is cool in Cangcang, and in the middle of the day, it is like exploring the soup. Isn't it hot for those who are near, and cool for those who are far away?"

Confucius \Can't\determine.

The two children smiled and said: "Who do you know?"

[Edit this paragraph] Scientific explanation

The reasons are explained based on different feelings. The distance from the sun is not correct.

One child in "Two Children Debating the Sun" said that because the sun is cold in the morning and hot at noon, it is far closer to noon in the morning. Another child said that the sun is bigger in the morning and smaller at noon, so the sun in the morning is farther and closer to noon. The factual observation is indeed true, so how to explain it? What's going on?

One view is: There are clouds on the surface of the earth in the morning, and when you look at the sun through the clouds, it looks bigger. When the clouds dissipate at noon, the sun appears smaller. In fact, the size of the sun has not changed.

Another view is: the height of the sun is different, and the refractive index of the atmosphere is different. In the morning, the altitude angle of the sun is low and the refractive index is large, so the sun looks bigger.

Another view is that the sun appears larger in the morning than at noon because of an illusion of the eyes. We see white shapes larger than black shapes of the same size. This is called "light penetration" in physics. When the sun first rises, the surrounding sky is dark, so the sun appears bright. However, at noon, the surrounding sky is very bright. In contrast, the brightness difference between the sun and the background is not that great. This also makes us look The reason why the sun is larger in the morning than at noon. In short, the distance of the sun from us is the same in the morning and at noon, so its size is also the same

Also, it is hotter at noon than in the morning. Is it because the sun is farther away from us at noon than in the morning? How close? Neither. So why?

It is hotter at noon than in the morning because the sun shines directly on the ground at noon, while in the morning the sun shines diagonally on the ground. It can be seen that when the sun shines directly, the ground and air are at the same time. The same area receives more radiant heat from the sun than when the morning sun is slanting, so the heating is the strongest. Therefore, it is hotter at noon than in the morning.

In fact, the hot or cold weather is mainly determined by the air temperature. The main factor affecting air temperature is determined by the radiation intensity of the sun, but solar heat is not the main reason that directly increases the temperature. Because the heat energy directly absorbed by the air is only a small part of the total heat energy of solar radiation, most of which is absorbed by the ground. After the ground absorbs the solar radiation heat, it is then conducted upward to the air through heat transfer methods such as radiation and convection. This is the main reason for the increase in temperature.

In short, it is hotter at noon and colder in the morning every day, not because the sun is far or near from our ground.

[Edit this paragraph] Introduction to the author

This article is selected from "Liezi·Tangwen"

It is said that "Liezi" was the place where people from the Zheng State led the imperial bandits during the Warring States Period. write. Yu Kou was one of the representatives of Taoism during the Warring States Period.

"Liezi" was originally a compilation of the writings of Liezi (a member of the Zheng Kingdom in the early Warring States Period and a member of the Imperial Guards), Liezi's disciples, and Liezi's successors. It was written around the late Warring States Period. Qin Shihuang burned books and harassed Confucian scholars, and Liezi was banned. In the early Han Dynasty, Huang Lao was respected, and Liezi became popular in the world. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty only respected Confucianism and dismissed hundreds of schools of thought. Liezi was scattered among the people. Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty asked for his legacy to be published in the world. Liu Xiang compiled Liezi into eight chapters and hid them in the secret palace of the inner palace. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Zhang Zhan's Commentary on Liezi came out, and Liezi became widely circulated. "Liezi Tangwen" was compiled and annotated by Liezi. It contains many folktales, fables and myths and legends

[Edit this paragraph] Characters

Confucius: modest and prudent, Seek truth from facts.

Two children: smart and cute, good at using their brains, boldly questioning issues they don’t understand, and daring to argue.

[Edit this paragraph] Character introduction

Confucius (551.9.28 BC ~ 479.4.11 BC), named Qiu, styled Zhongni, was a native of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period and Han nationality. Born in Changping Township, Zouyi, Lu State (now Luyuan Village, southeast of Qufu City, Shandong Province). After his death, he was buried on Surabaya River in the north of Qufu City, which is today's Konglin.

According to "Historical Records: Confucius Family", Confucius's ancestors were descendants of the Yin and Shang Dynasties. After the Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Shang Dynasty, King Cheng of the Zhou Dynasty granted him the title of concubine brother of King Zhou of the Shang Dynasty. Wei Zi, a famous and loyal minister of the Shang Dynasty, came to the Song Dynasty. The capital was established in Shangqiu (today's Shangqiu area of ​​Henan Province). After the death of Wei Ziqi, his younger brother Wei Zhong came to the throne, and Wei Zhong was the ancestor of Confucius. After Kong Fujia, the sixth ancestor of Confucius, descendants began to take the surname Kong. His great-grandfather Kong Fangshu fled from Song to Lu in order to escape the civil strife in Song.

Confucius's father, Shu Liang He (the courtesy name is Shu Liang and He is his given name), was a famous warrior in the state of Lu. Uncle Liang He first married the Shi family and gave birth to nine daughters but no son. His concubine gave birth to a son, Meng Pi, but he had a foot disease. Under the circumstances at that time, neither women nor disabled sons were suitable heirs. In his later years, Uncle Liang He gave birth to Confucius with a young woman named Yan. Because the middle of Confucius' head was concave when he was born, like a loach mountain; and because Confucius' mother went to Niqiu Mountain to pray and then conceived Confucius, she named her Qiu with the courtesy name Zhongni (Zhong means second, Shu Liang). He's eldest son was Mengpi, which means first.) When Confucius was three years old, his uncle Liang He died of illness. After that, Confucius' family was very poor. Due to various reasons, Confucius did not achieve much in politics, but the three months he governed the state of Lu showed that Confucius was worthy of the title of an outstanding statesman. Political dissatisfaction allowed Confucius to devote a large part of his energy to education. Confucius once served as a military commander in the State of Lu, and later traveled around the country with his disciples. Finally, he returned to the State of Lu and concentrated on teaching. Confucius broke the educational monopoly and pioneered private education. There were as many as 3,000 disciples of Confucius, including 72 sages, many of whom were high-ranking officials in various countries.

Confucius had a profound influence on later generations. During his lifetime, he was known as the "Sage of Heaven", "Muduo of Heaven", and "Eternal Saint". He was one of the most erudite scholars in society at that time, and He was revered as the Holy Saint (the saint among saints) and the teacher of all generations by later generations. He once revised "Poems" and "Books", settled "Li" and "Music", prefaced "Book of Changes", and wrote "Spring and Autumn". Confucius' thoughts and theories had a profound impact on later generations. "The Analects of Confucius" is a classic work of Confucianism. It was compiled by Confucius's disciples and his re-disciples. It is a book that records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples.