When did the story of Zhou Yu hitting Huang Gai happen?

During the Three Kingdoms period, Huang Gai, a general of Soochow, was ordered to surrender to Cao Cao's military camp. In order to win the trust of Cao Cao, Zhou Yu deliberately beat Huang Gai up for an excuse and made Huang Gai pretend to be angry and defect to the enemy. Pang Tong persuaded Cao Cao to connect the warships together, creating conditions for Kong Ming to use fire to attack, and finally the Sun-Liu Alliance won the victory in Battle of Red Cliffs.

Allusion:

This saga of ingenuity began in the 46th chapter of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, when Kongming borrowed an arrow to offer a secret plan to Huang Gai to be punished, and ended in the 49th chapter, when Zhou Yu set fire to Sanjiangkou at the Seven Star Altar. After Zhuge Liang borrowed an arrow from a straw boat, he also put forward a battle plan to attack Cao Cao's flood and drought camp with Zhou Yu. Just then, brothers Cai He and Cai Zhong, Jingzhou generals who had surrendered to Cao Cao, were sent by Cao Cao and came to Zhou Yu's camp to make a false surrender. Zhou Yu, whose heart is like a mirror, played dumb again, playing along, and deliberately received Er Cai. One night, while Zhou Yu was meditating in his tent, Huang Gai sneaked into the tent to see him, and also put forward the operational plan of attacking Cao Jun by fire. Zhou Yu told Huang Gai that he was preparing to use the opportunity of Cai Zhong and Cai He who had come to cheat Cao Cao to cheat Cao Cao. And said: To make Cao Cao fall into the scam, someone must suffer some flesh and blood. Huang Gai immediately said: In order to repay Sun Shi Housi and Jiangdong's career, he was willing to be severely punished first, and then surrender to Cao Cao falsely. The next day, Zhou Yu called the generals into the tent, and he ordered them to receive three months' food and grass, and prepare for the battle against Cao separately. Huang Gai interrupted Zhou Yu's conversation and said first, "Don't say three months, even if you spend 3 months on food and grass, it won't help." If Cao Cao can be defeated this month, that would be great; If you can't defeat him within a month, you might as well follow Zhang Zibu's idea and simply surrender. " Zhou Yuwen flew into a rage after hearing this surrender argument that destroyed his prestige, strengthened the ambition of others and shook the morale of the army. He ordered Huang Gai to be pushed out of the account and beheaded. Huang Gai did not show weakness. He was an old minister in Jiangdong, and he didn't even pay attention to Zhou Yu. This made Zhou Yu angry all the more, and he made a decision as soon as possible. The escalation and intensification of the contradiction between Zhou and Huang made the generals quietly uneasy. General Gan Ning pleaded for Huang Gai on the grounds that he was an old minister of Dongwu, and was hit by a burst of disorderly sticks. When all the civil and military officials saw that the viceroy was on fire and the veteran Huang Gai died in front of them, they knelt down together and begged for forgiveness for Huang Gai. For the sake of everyone's face, Zhou Yu let go and changed his decision to hit 1 crutches immediately. The civil servants still felt that the rod was too heavy, and they still begged Zhou Yu to raise his hand. Zhou Yu wouldn't budge this time. He overturned the desk, dismissed all the officials and ordered the staff to walk quickly. The soldiers who executed the case overturned the yellow cover, stripped off their clothes, and severely hit 5 crutches. When all the officials saw it, they struggled for exemption again, and Zhou Yu hated it and returned it to the account. Zhou Yu and Huang Gai's double-reed risks almost fooled all civil and military officials. Only one person knows that he said nothing and stood by. He is Zhuge Liang. Huang Gai was badly beaten by these 5 clubs. His skin was raw and his blood gushed, and he passed out several times in a row. When other generals came to visit, Huang Gai kept his mouth shut and just sighed. There seemed to be many unspeakable secrets. When his close friend Kan Ze came to see the doctor with suspicion, Huang Gaicai told the truth, and asked Kan Ze, who was known for his loyalty and courage, to dive to Cao Ying for him to present a false surrender letter. Cao Cao, who is experienced and wily, is skeptical in the face of Kan Ze and the book of false surrender. But Kan Ze was by no means an idle generation. He was courageous and eloquent, which finally convinced Cao Cao. Just then, Cai Zhong and Cai He, who had been mixed into Zhou Yu's account, also sent someone to deliver the tip-off of Zhou Yu's anger stick and yellow cover. After Kan Ze left Cao Cao to go back, he brought a secret message to Cao Cao, and further agreed on the code and logo of Huang Gai's coming and going. During this period, Cai He and Cai Zhong also secretly communicated news for Cao Cao from the south bank of the Yangtze River. All this was done seamlessly, which made Cao Cao deeply convinced of Huang Gai's "surrender". Cao Cao's navy is mostly composed of northerners, who are not adapted to water life, and many people get sick because of turbulence and seasickness. In addition, although Zhou Yu and others have determined the battle plan of burning warships, Cao Cao's naval warships are independent, and one ship is on fire, and other ships can still leave quickly. In order to create more favorable conditions for the fire attack, Zhou Yu cleverly let Pang Tong sneak into Cao Ying and presented Cao Cao with a "chain plan" to tie the warships together. In this way, Cao Cao's warships, either in a group of 3 or in a group of 5, were all connected by iron locks, and wooden boards were laid on the ships, so that the foot soldiers and horses were on the ground. The problem of seasickness has been solved, not only the foot soldiers cheered for it, but also Cao Cao, who has been through war and deeply understood the art of war, thinks he can do his best in the face of the ship array as stable as Mount Tai. On November 2th, 13th year of Jian 'an (28), Sun Liu's allied forces made preparations and arrangements before the war. Zhuge Liang set up an altar to worship the wind for three days. It was nearly midnight at night, and sure enough, the southeast wind gradually rose and became more and more urgent. Huang Gai also filled the prepared 2 big ships with reed dry wood, poured fish oil, spread sulfur and flame nitrate for ignition, and then covered them with green cloth oil sheets. The bows were also nailed with big nails, and the contact sign "Qinglong Tooth Flag" was erected on the ship. Behind each big ship, a small boat with convenient movement is tied. Huang Gai also sent a pawn to hold a book and agreed with Cao Cao to come down that night. Zhou Yu also arranged for the ship to meet Huang Gai and the follow-up team to attack. Cao Cao in Jiangbei is waiting for news with the generals in Dazhai. Huang Gai set sail to surrender to Cao Cao. Huang Gai put ten warships at the forefront, hung sails in the river, and the rest of the ships advanced in turn. The generals and soldiers of Cao Cao's army all walked out of the barracks and stood there watching, pointing to Huang Gai's surrender. When it was more than two miles away from Cao Cao's army, (the ships) lit a fire at the same time. The fire was very strong and the wind was fierce. The ships traveled like arrows, burning all Cao Cao's warships and spreading to the barracks on the shore. At the moment, fireworks filled the sky, and many people and horses were burned and drowned. Zhou Yu and others followed them with lightly loaded soldiers, beating drums to the sky, and Cao Cao's army completely disintegrated. Cao Cao led his troops to flee on foot from Huarong Road. When they met a muddy road, the road was impassable, and it was windy, so he ordered the weak soldiers to fill the road with grass and the cavalry was able to pass. Weak soldiers were trampled by cavalry, stuck in the mud and died a lot. Liu Bei and Zhou Yu marched together on land and water, and pursued Cao Cao to Nanjun. At this time, Cao Cao's army suffered from hunger and plague, and nearly half of them died. Cao Cao then left Coss, the general of the south expedition, and Xu Huang, the general of Yokono, to guard Jiangling, while General Zhechong entered Xiangyang, and (himself) led (the rest) the army back to the north. There was a small episode when Huang Gai was beaten: when Zhou Yu wanted to behead Huang Gai, Lu Su pleaded for Huang Gai, and hinted that Zhuge Liang, who was watching, pleaded with him, but Zhuge Liang didn't mean to ask for love at all. After Huang Gai was beaten fifty times, Lu Su went to the camp to ask Zhuge Liang: "Huang Gai was beaten, and we all went to plead. You are a distinguished guest, why from ruin?" Zhuge Liang's face changed after hearing this: "Zi Jing (Lu Su's word) bullied me!" Lu Su was puzzled: "I have always treated you well, how can I bully you?" Zhuge Liang laughed and said, "This is Zhou Yu and Huang Gai using their own risks and using false information to get Cai Zhong Cai He to spread the news. How can I say it casually?" Lu Su looked a little incredulous, and Zhuge Liang added, "Don't tell Zhou Yu about this, or he will get into trouble with me again. Just say that I also blame him." Lu Su agreed and returned to Zhou Yu's camp. Zhou Yu asked Lu Su, "What does Zhuge Liang think of this matter?" Lu Su replied according to Zhuge Liang's instruction: "He said that he also complained about the governor's practice.". Zhou Yu was very happy after hearing it, and he fooled him this time. When Lu Su asked what was going on, Zhou Yu replied, "This is a trick of me and Huang Gai to paralyze Cao Cao. It seems that Zhuge Liang has no idea. This man may not be my opponent." Lu Su was shocked when he heard this, and secretly admired Zhuge Liang's foresight. Visible risks from cao cao, from zhuge liang. If Cao Cao is as cautious as Zhuge Liang, then Huang Gai's fifty staffs will not only be beaten in vain, but also the history of Battle of Red Cliffs will be rewritten.

2. Battle of Red Cliffs:

In October, Cao Cao left Cao Ren to be stationed in Jiangling, and personally led a great army to the east. Zhuge Liang said to Liu Bei when he saw Cao Cao coming down from the east, "It's urgent. Please be ordered to ask General Sun for help." So he and Lu Su went back to Chaisang (now southwest of Jiujiang, Jiangxi) to meet Sun Quan. Liu Bei also moved to the south bank of the Yangtze River and stationed in Fankou. After Zhuge Liang arrived in Chaisang, he first stimulated Sun Quan by goading. Then I realized that Sun Quan was unwilling to be controlled by Cao Cao, but worried that Cao Cao was too powerful to match. Zhuge Liang then declared that Liu Bei's military strength was still no less than 2 thousand and he was capable of fighting Cao Cao. Then it analyzes the disadvantages of Cao Cao: the expedition of the teacher and the fatigue of the foot soldiers; Northerners don't learn water warfare; The people of Jingzhou have not really joined Cao Cao. Zhuge Liang believed that if Sun and Liu joined forces, they could win in reverse, and made it clear that after the war, there would be a trend of three-thirds of the world, and Sun Quan was gradually persuaded.

However, at that time, Cao Cao was menacing, and some of his family members, represented by Zhang Zhao, advocated surrendering, thinking that Cao Cao's name was Han Xiang, and it was unreasonable to resist if he relied on the emperor to conquer all directions. Cao Cao has occupied the Yangtze River, and there is no natural barrier to defend in Jiangdong. Cao Jun was under water and land, and his offensive was strong. Jiangdong was unable to resist, so he advised Sun Quan to meet Cao Cao. At this time, Cao Cao sent a letter of surrender, which said: "Today, there are 8 thousand people in the water conservancy army, and Fang and the generals will hunt in Wu." Intimidation is extremely heavy. Therefore, Zhang Zhao and others are more determined to surrender to Cao Cao, and Sun Quan is difficult to choose at the moment; Lu Su secretly followed Sun Quan when he went to the toilet, pointing out that Zhang Zhao and others were not enough. He also said that he surrendered to Cao Cao himself, and he could be an official to the county magistrate, but if Sun Quan, the head of one party, surrendered, Cao Cao would never tolerate it. Sun Quan sighed that Zhang Zhao and others were "very disappointed", so he agreed with Lu Su, who suggested recalling Zhou Yu's business countermeasures stationed in Poyang.

after Zhou Yu came back, he also insisted on resisting Cao. He analyzed Cao Jun's weaknesses one by one, which was roughly the same as Zhuge Liang's analysis: Cao Jun was exhausted and was bound to get sick; The weather is cold, and the horse has no grass; Ma Chao and Han Sui are still in Kansai, which is the future trouble of Cao Cao; The soldiers in the Central Plains abandoned the advantages of cavalry, but did not learn water warfare. Then, the actual strength of Cao Jun was further analyzed, and it was pointed out that the Cao Jun from the Central Plains was only 15, to 6,, but he was tired after a long battle, while the 7, to 8, people who had lost their lives were suspicious. Therefore, as long as there are 5 thousand chosen men, they can be defeated. So Sun Quan finally made up his mind, and drew his sword in public and cut off the corner of the table, saying, "The generals and officials dare to speak again and be the ones who welcome the drill, just like this case!" Zhou Yu and Cheng Pu were appointed as the left and right governors, and Lu Su was appointed as a captain of Zanjun to help plan the strategy. He led Huang Gai, Han Dang, Lv Meng, Ling Tong, Gan Ning, Zhou Tai, Lv Fan and other 3, foot soldiers along the river to fight against Cao with Liu Bei. Sun Quan, on the other hand, continued to station in Chaisang as a backup to transport provisions for Zhou Yu, and told Zhou Yu that if the war was unfavorable, "he would still be lonely, and he should be alone with Meng De." At this time, many people in Cao camp thought that Sun Quan would not dare to resist Cao Cao and would kill Liu Bei, and then follow Liu Cong's footsteps. This idea is also revealed in Cao Cao's surrender book, but Cheng Yu thinks that people lack understanding of Sun Quan, which may have misjudged Sun Quan's courage. Liu Bei has a reputation, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei are ten thousand enemies, and Sun Quan knows that he can't support himself, so he will definitely support Liu Bei and unite with Liu Bei to fight against Cao Cao. Then it was as predicted by Cheng Yu.

in December, Zhou Yu led an army to meet Liu Bei at Fankou. Then the two armies went against the current and went to Chibi, where they met Cao Jun who was crossing the river. At that time, Cao Jun was already affected by the plague, but the new water army and the newly attached Jingzhou water army were difficult to run in, and their morale was obviously insufficient, so Zhou Yu's water army defeated him in the first battle. Cao Cao had to "lead the water army to the north of the Yangtze River" to meet the army, lean the warship to the Wulin side of the north bank, practice the water army, and wait for the opportunity. Zhou Yu docked the warship on the Chibi side of the south bank and confronted Cao Jun across the Yangtze River. At that time, Cao Cao was not used to taking a boat for the northern foot soldiers, so he connected the ship from head to tail, and the men and women were on the boat. Zhou Yu suggested to Huang Gai: "It is difficult and lasting to be outnumbered today. However, the military ships and ships are connected end to end, and they can burn away. " [2] Zhou Yu adopted Huang Gai's fire attack strategy, and asked Huang Gai to write to Cao Cao to cheat and surrender, so as to get close to Cao Cao's warships.

by the day of the war, Huang Gai had prepared ten light-profit ships, full of firewood and oil, camouflaged with red curtains, and put banners and banners on them. At that time, the southeast wind was in a hurry, and ten ships were sailing ahead of the Zhongjiang River. Huang Gai saw torches by hand, which made all the soldiers shout in unison: "What's going on!" Cao Jun's officers and men were unprepared. "They all waited and watched, pointing their fingers at the words.". Two miles away from Cao Jun, Huang Gai ordered the firewood to be lit, and at the same time he became angry. The fire was fierce and the ship went like an arrow, burning up the north ship and extending to the camps on the shore. In an instant, the smoke was burning, and there were countless people who burned and drowned. On the other side, Sun Liu's troops crossed the Yangtze River and defeated Cao Jun in chaos. Seeing that the defeat was irreversible, Cao Cao immediately set himself on fire and led his troops along Huarong Trail (now Jianlibei, Hubei Province) to retreat in the direction of Jiangling. Zhou Yu and Liu Bei's troops went hand in hand on land and water, and followed them all the time. Cao Jun suffered more than half of the casualties in this battle. After Cao Cao returned to Jiangling, he was afraid of losing Chibi and making the rear regime unstable. He immediately returned to the north, leaving Coss and Xu Huang to stay in Nanjun (where Jiangling was ruled), and then appointed Le Jin to defend Xiangyang and Man Chong as agents of Fenwei, and stationed in Dangyang. Sun Liu's allied forces won the victory in Battle of Red Cliffs.

Battle of Red Cliffs's defeat made Cao Cao lose the possibility of reunifying the whole country in a short time, while Sun Liu and Sun Liu used this victory to develop and strengthen their respective forces, and the battle between Cao Cao, Liu and Sun started. Since then, Cao Cao has returned to the north, and has never had the opportunity to travel south on such a large scale, but he still occupies Nanyang and Nanjun counties (after that, Xiangyang County and Nanxiang County were separated from Nanjun and Nanyang County [talking about Zhangling County]). Liu Bei began to attack Lingling, Wuling, Guiyang and Changsha counties south of the Yangtze River, and Sun Quan ordered Zhou Yu to besiege Nanjun's jiangling county.

In the 14th year of Jian 'an (AD 29), Sun Quan led an army to attack Hefei in the north, and Zhang Zhao led an army to attack Dangtu in Jiujiang County (see the first battle of Hefei for details), but they all lost. Zhou Yu and others were ordered to attack Jiangling, where Coss stayed behind, and confronted each other across the river. Zhou Yu also sent Gan Ning to attack Yiling (now Yichang, Hubei), and Coss also divided his forces to besiege. Gan Ning went to Zhou Yu for emergency. Zhou Yu used Lv Meng's plan to stay in Ling Tong, and then he and Lv Meng went to rescue him. After the siege of Gan Ning was solved, he led to the north shore. Wu Junxian surrounded Coss who came to fight against Jin Niu, but later Coss broke into the army twice and rescued himself. After the war between the two sides. Zhou Yu personally crossed the horse, but was shot in the right side by a flowing arrow, which was quite seriously injured, so he returned it. Later, Coss knew that Zhou Yu was not up, so he sent his troops to Wu Zhen. Zhou Yu got up, went to the barracks, encouraged the officials, and Coss returned. Later, the two sides were in a confrontation. Lv Meng later recalled: "Yesterday, Zhou Yu and Cheng Pu were the left and right governors, and * * * attacked Jiangling. Although it was up to Yu, Pu relied on himself for a long time, and they were all governors, so * * * did not agree and lost several state affairs." This shows that the internal contradiction between Zhou and Cheng is also one of the reasons why Jiangling could not be attacked for a long time.

On the other hand, Liu Bei listed Liu Qi, the satrap of Jiangxia, as the secretariat of Jingzhou, and led his own army to quickly capture four counties in Jingnan, including Wuling (now Changde, Hunan), Changsha, Guiyang (now Chenxian, Hunan) and Lingling (now Yongzhou, Hunan), and the four counties surrendered successively. Liu Bei appointed Zhuge Liang, the military commander, to be in charge of supervising Lingling, Guiyang and Changsha counties and adjusting their taxes to banish the army. At the same time, local forces such as Leixu and Chen Lan, which were entrenched in Lujiang County, rebelled. Cao Cao ordered the leaders of Xia Houyuan to suppress Leixu, and General Hu Wei was banned and General Wei Lu Cang Ba was crusaded.