Geography, how to learn?
Reciting is a way of "eating without melting", and it is inevitable that "place names will move" and "place names will move" in application. Therefore, to learn geography, we must master it.
Learning methods suitable for geography. By the way, you can get twice the result with half the effort.
First, learn to use the image of a geographical country.
When looking at a map, check the publication date first to avoid "information confusion", just like photos of people of different ages.
Difference is a truth; After understanding the main contents shown on the diagram; Look at the scale, pointer, latitude and longitude net and legend again and you will know the map.
The details and direction of things in the world and the meaning of each symbol (including color).
There are roughly four types of images in the textbooks of People's Education Edition, with different contents and reading methods.
(-) distribution map
All kinds of thematic maps contain spatial information such as the distribution, quantity and relationship of one or several major geographical things.
Some graphics can also use linear symbols with arrows to represent dynamic situations. For example, the part about Southeast Asia first implies that you are in politics.
Find out the location of the countries in this area on the map, and then ask us to look at the topographic map and observe the distribution of mountains and rivers. In other words, learning the land.
A manager must first know "where" and "what", and then analyze the spatial relationship of things. According to legend, the Indian zhina Peninsula is very high in the north.
The south is low-lying, and the mountains extend from north to south, which controls the rivers flowing into the sea in the south. The height of the terrain can also be inferred from the flow direction of the river. should
There are many plains in the lower reaches of rivers in this area, and then the relationship between natural things and human phenomena is analyzed. It is located at low latitude and has been used for a long time.
Superior climatic conditions have developed agriculture in the plain. With convenient transportation and dense population, there are many cities along the river.
(2) Schematic diagram
This kind of map is mainly used to explain the process, law, reasons and influencing factors of geographical changes.
The relationship between. Such as the schematic diagram of the earth's revolution. It shows that the position of the earth's revolution in time is strictly opposite to the bisector of the sun.
It should be related. It also affects the changes of the height of the noon sun and the length of day and night on the earth. Most of these pictures are difficult.
(3) Landscape map
This kind of map vividly reflects the external characteristics and interrelationships of geographical things. Such as the "tropical rainforest" landscape map, there are forests and
Animals vividly reflect the tropical hot and rainy climate-dense forests and abundant food-while large animals are not easy to live in forests.
Through the forest, the forest is mainly crawling animals and birds, and the river is where elephants and hippos live and feed.
(4) Statistical charts
Graphics use statistical methods to reflect the composition of geographical things and explain the relationship between quantity and quality. Like the four oceans
Product comparison chart, temperature curve and precipitation histogram. , usually used in combination with other charts.
The relationship between images and learning geography knowledge is inseparable. Images give us a general representation, which is added by our minds.
Work, after understanding the essence of things, will eventually be expressed in language. For example, after learning the topographical features of our country, it can be transported.
Draw a sketch with the method of combining graphics and text to explain the significance of the terrain with high west and low east.
Second, learn to remember place names.
Place names are as important to geography as words in foreign languages. Grasp the place names firmly and determine them on the map.
The position of students is the basic requirement for learning geography.
(-) prioritize and treat them differently.
Although there are many place names in junior high school geography textbooks, their importance is different, which can be roughly divided into three levels.
First-class place names are the most basic, including all continents and oceans in the world, the main topographic areas of all continents, important rivers, lakes, straits and bays.
Marginal seas, archipelagos, peninsulas and islands. China provincial administrative region (including abbreviation), the headquarters of the administrative region government, and the main place.
Shape areas, rivers and lakes, islands, adjacent seas, neighboring countries, etc. It should reach the level that can be drawn in a blank picture.
The second kind of place names are countries, capitals, important cities and ports that mainly teach world geography, as well as landforms that play an important role (such as scale).
River plains), resource producing areas (such as Beihai Oilfield and Newfoundland Fishing Ground). China's resource producing areas, major industrial bases and cities. owner
River ports, seaports, railway hubs, major agricultural bases (plus nine commodity grain bases) and famous tourist attractions.
Third-level place names are not used frequently, such as Bergen.
(B) the use of map memory
Place names and maps are inextricably linked. Novices must find the correct location on the map; Note that it has nothing to do with "neighbors"
The relationship. For example, the mainstream of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is W-shaped, Wuhan is located at the middle turning point, and the east-west turning point is Dongting Lake.
And Poyang Lake.
In addition, the use of map "travel" exercises, such as choosing to go south by train from Beijing to Chongqing, can put the passing cities, mountains and rivers.
Such as place names, easy to remember.
(C) the meaning memory of contact place names
For example, the Dead Sea is named after its high salt content, and there is no living thing. Other place names involve etymology. Like los Angeles
(Los Angeles)-Spanish "angel" means that after entering Central America from Spain, he came here and died in Spanish.
Name. And Chicago, where Chi doesn't pronounce "Chi", reads Shi (Greek) and speaks Hindi. Geographical names association
Enhanced symbolic stimulation helps memory.