The course of Liao tomb in Turkic Mountain
In the summer and autumn of 2002, when the workers in turky Mountain Quarry used bulldozers to dig the tunnel, they found a pile of stones more than three meters wide in the east of the tunnel. These stones, like the stones on the mountain, are bluestones, and they didn't see anything special. They didn't attract attention at that time, so they naturally took them out and sold them in the quarry. In autumn, when the tunnel was dug, people began to blow up mountains and take stones, and no one thought of that stone pile again. Autumn came, winter came, the weather was cold, and the quarry stopped production. At the beginning of the Spring Festival in 2003, in order to prepare enough stones before the construction of each site, the quarrying site began to explode again. Quarrying workers earn piecework wages and are paid according to the number of stones. In order to save time and effort, they sometimes pick out some stones from the "heap" left by the east wall of the tunnel and load them on the stone truck as a quantity. On March 8th, the workers continued to repeat their previous practices. According to their intuition, they don't think this kind of stone is from the mountains of Turkey. After digging out a few pieces, they found that the stones inside were artificially placed, and black clay was stuck between the stones. On closer inspection, some stones were marked with ink. At that time, some workers wondered: was it the explosive magazine built here during the Japanese devils' period?
From the discovery of the mystery on March 8 to March 10, just over two days, the news of the discovery of "things" on Turk Mountain spread like wildfire, and soon spread, and several "treasure diggers" came to negotiate with the quarry manager. The mine manager here, surnamed Liang, is strong and a standard Mongolian man. A "treasure digger" asked Manager Liang: How much can you give for digging? Some of them have to be divided with the mine manager. 10 One morning in March, before dawn, someone knocked on the door of Liang Jia, the mine manager. The mine manager Liang asked, "Who is it?" The answer is: "We are from the national flag." Director Liang went out to have a look. There is a 2020 jeep parked at the door. Someone told Director Liang that I heard that an ancient tomb was found here. Let's have a look. How much do you need us to dig? At this time, manager Liang felt the importance of the matter and thought that he should report the case to the public security department, so he immediately picked up the phone and reported the situation to the Municipal Public Security Bureau.
On the afternoon of March 10, 2003, the staff of Tongliao Museum went with the police of the Municipal Public Security Bureau. A preliminary investigation was made on the scene. According to field observation, it is preliminarily concluded that this is a Liao Dynasty tomb. Through visual inspection, the tomb is more than 30 meters long and the burial depth is 10 meters. The red sandstone strips on the west wall of the tomb are exposed, and the stone strips are bonded with black mortar. The stone wall of the patio is exposed like a pile of stones. Only a small part of the north side of the western wall of the pyramid-shaped mound is connected with the stone wall, and most of the south side has been dug by bulldozers, only the backfill soil in the pyramid-shaped mound is seen. Judging from various indications, this tomb was not stolen recently, but anyone who has done archaeological work in the Liao Dynasty knows that there are ten tombs in the Liao Dynasty, and it is still impossible to judge whether this tomb was stolen in the early stage. Judging from the signs exposed by the tomb, this tomb is a medium-sized aristocratic tomb in Liao Dynasty, and its owner has a high status. If it hadn't been stolen in the early days, precious cultural relics would have been unearthed in this tomb. That night, the working group returned to Tongliao and reported to the leaders of the municipal museum. The next day (March, 2003 1 1), after the report, Zhang Zhiqiang, the municipal cultural director, presided over a live meeting in the cemetery. Comrade Zhang, Minister of Propaganda, made important instructions, stressing the need to adhere to the principle of safety first and ensure the safety of cultural relics and personnel. At the meeting, a leading group for the excavation of tombs in Turkey Mountain was formally established, and it was decided that the municipal museum would organize and implement the cleaning and excavation work. The museum staff of Kezuohouqi Museum and the Public Security Bureau cooperated with the excavation and security work to form an excavation team to go to Turkey Mountain for rescue cleaning and excavation.
On the afternoon of March 1 1, the rescue, cleaning and excavation work began. Seven days later, Tara, deputy director of the Institute of Archaeology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, arrived with the documents of the autonomous region and re-established the archaeological team. After several days of preparation, Tara drilled the tomb, learned the length and width of the tomb, made an excavation plan, and officially started excavation on March 20. When digging, it was SARS. It brought a lot of trouble to the excavation work, but on the whole, the whole excavation work was smooth. After more than two months of formal excavation, the colorful coffins and more than 200 precious cultural relics buried underground for more than 1000 years have finally been rediscovered.
The pyramid-shaped mound is the passage through which the owner of the tomb passes when he is buried. Generally, they are inclined, and some have steps. The pyramid-shaped mound wall of this tomb is made of stone, pointing with black mortar and smoothing the outside with black mortar. A red mortar surface appears at its lower part, and a layer of white mortar surface is painted on the red mortar surface, which is somewhat different from the local materials used in the construction of other tombs. The local soil is very loose and often falls off one by one. Therefore, during the cleaning process, the pyramid-shaped mound wall collapsed many times, the biggest of which was when the pyramid-shaped mound was about to be cleaned to the end, and suddenly the whole pyramid-shaped mound wall collapsed with mud and stones. Fortunately, the staff dodged in time and no one was injured.
Murals are painted under the two walls of the tomb, all painted on the white ash surface. However, the murals on the right wall have been basically destroyed by stones, and only messy lines can be seen, while the murals on the left wall and directly above the tomb door are well preserved, all of which are images of beasts, but their shapes are relatively simple. The animal hair stands upright, its mouth shows fangs and its lines are rough. 2. The fallen murals of the Khitan characters reveal the secrets of the tomb era. It is said that after the mud and stones in the tomb are removed, the tomb door will be exposed, but what stands in front of the staff is a boulder that seals the tomb door. There are often stone seals in Liao tombs, but they are mostly used in big noble's tomb. Compared with the sealing brick, the sealing stone is more magnetic, and it took more than 20 workers an afternoon to pull it down and out of the tomb.
There is a wooden door hidden behind the stone. There is a thick layer of silt between the wooden door and the stone, from which it can be inferred that the tomb was flooded. There are many copper bells and bubbles outside the wooden door. Judging from the disorder of their positions, these may have been rushed out of the ancient tomb. There are two wooden doors, each with three rows of gold-plated copper nails and an iron lock in the middle. There is usually a key when there is a lock, but archaeologists have not found it. Because the iron lock has rusted, you must open the wooden door to enter the tomb. In order to avoid damaging the iron lock, the wooden door and door frame must be removed as a whole. The painted wooden coffin of cypress coffin bed is 2.3 1m long, 0/.30m wide and 0.9m high. The wooden coffin is painted red and black, with patterns such as crane phoenix and peony carved on it, which are bright in color and exquisite in craftsmanship. Small bells hung around the coffin cover, with different tones and different sound quality. This unique way of decoration may be related to the occupation or well-being of the tomb owner before his death.