The Eight Characters of Female Calligrapher Toby Lin
Let's experience the life of Yan Zhenqing, a great calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty.
1 | Please cherish the feathers.
What kind of family does Yan Zhenqing come from?
Langya Yanshi, this family is very famous in history. In the Western Jin Dynasty, the Yanshi family crossed the river with Emperor Jinyuan and moved from Langya to Jiankang. After seven generations, he was already a noble family in Jiangzuo.
This family is famous for its calligraphy for generations. They attach importance to learning, especially exegetics and calligraphy, which are very famous in the world. Zhenqing's mother came from the Yin family, and also had a good calligrapher to learn from, which has been handed down from generation to generation. Yan Zhenqing himself said: "Since the Southern Dynasties, our ancestors were good at cursive seal strokes."
Under the influence of this family style, naturally, Yan Zhenqing also likes writing.
When I was a child, there was a crane with a broken calf at home. Yan Zhenqing learned to write when he was a child, and often wrote on the back of cranes when he was playful. My brother Yan Yunnan saw it and said to him seriously, "Although this can't fly, I don't care about its feathers. It's so unkind! "
The fractured crane in gaskin can't fly, please cherish its feathers.
That's how Yan Zhenqing grew up.
2 | leak mark
Cha Sheng, Lu Yu and Yan Zhenqing are friends who never forget. The two of them are the kind of relationship where you like drinking tea, I'll build you a pavilion, and you like writing, so we can talk together in Zhushantang.
Such a good friend once wrote in an article that Yan Zhenqing and Huai Su discussed calligraphy together.
In this conversation, Huai Su and Yan Zhenqing said that I often watch, learn and experience the clouds in summer. They are like strange peaks. When you are happy with a pen, write down the feelings of that line, just like a bird coming out of the Woods and a frightened snake running into the grass. Sometimes I know when I meet a crack in the wall. All these things come from nature.
After hearing this, Yan Zhenqing said, how about comparing with the "missing bid"?
Hearing this, Huai Su stood up, shook Yan Zhenqing's hand and said, We've got another secret.
3 | Like Yin Yinni, like cone painting sand.
The brushwork of calligraphy, like the secrets in Wulin, should exist, but it has a mysterious appearance.
The legendary brushwork spread from Wang Xizhi to Yu Shinan, then to Lu Jianzhi and then to Zhang Xu. Zhang Xu is the key figure.
Yan Zhenqing visited Zhang Xu twice and asked him for advice on brushwork. With great efforts, one day, Zhang Xu finally led him slowly to a small bamboo yard, and the two sat opposite each other, asking and answering questions, and all the brushwork tips were taught.
Yan Zhenqing asked about the nature of writing, and Zhang Xu replied, I once heard Chu Suiliang mention that using a pen should be "like Yin Yinni, like drawing sand with a cone". I didn't practice at first, so I didn't understand. Later, when I went to a place in Dao Jiang, I saw a piece of clean sand, and I learned from him. I wrote in the sand, and the writing was really beautiful. From then on, I understood.
Yan Zhenqing's "On the Twelve Meanings of Zhang Changshi's Style" is a partial explicit extension.
4 | An Shi Rebellion
In the ninth year of Tianbao, Yan Zhenqing was 465,438+0 years old and was promoted to an imperial advisor in the temple.
In this position, it is inevitable to supervise and impeach officials. Yan Zhenqing's temper is very honest and frank, and he can say whatever he thinks. Soon, he was sent to the capital as the magistrate of Shandong Pingyuan County.
At that time, Pingyuan County was the jurisdiction of the Anshi Rebellion, and it was for this reason that Yan Zhenqing was able to detect the anti-Tang intention of the Anshi Rebellion very early.
So he silently began to build city walls, dig trenches, enrich granaries, and gather reserve soldiers. However, in daily life, scholars are often invited to go boating, play on the lake, drink and write poems. An Lushan sent envoys to inspect Pingyuan County and saw these affairs in his eyes. The scholar is harmless and relieved.
In 755 AD, An Lushan rose up against the Tang Dynasty in Fanyang. Wherever the rebels went, "He Shuo was trapped, obeyed orders or opened the door to meet the enemy, or abandoned the city to hide, and no one dared to refuse." Many counties were captured, and Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty sighed, "Are there no loyal ministers in the twenty-four counties of Hebei?"
Yan Zhenqing, located in Pingyuan County, is an important pass for An Lushan's army to attack from the south. Without waiting for the imperial edict, Yan Zhenqing published a campaign and assembled 200,000 soldiers to guard here, which made An Lushan dare not attack Tongguan easily.
He controls Pingyuan County.
Later, Xuanzong received a report from Pingyuan County and said to officials around him: I don't know who Zhenqing is, but what I did was this.
Before the An Shi Rebellion, no one knew him very well. Everyone knew him after that.
Hearing this, Yan Zhenqing suddenly realized. After returning, he took notes carefully and recorded this conversation. We can still see this annotation today, that is, the twelve meanings of Zhang Changshi's writing style.
5 | Do not save
During the Anshi Rebellion, Yan Zhenqing was in Pingyuan County, while Yan Gaoqing, a clan brother, kept Changshan County. The distance between the two places is close, so Yan Jiming, the son of Yan Gaoqing, went back and forth between the bonfires to contact the two cities and jointly fight against the rebels in the Anshi Rebellion.
An Lushan heard that Hebei had changed and sent Shi Siming to besiege Changshan County. They seized Yan Jiming, the bridge between the two cities, and tried to force Yan Gaoqing to surrender.
If Yan Gaoqing does not surrender, Yan Jiming will die.
So after six days of hard work, the water, grain and arrows in the city were exhausted and the city fell. Yan Gaoqing was captured by the rebels and sent to Luoyang.
In Luoyang, Yan Gaoqing met An Lushan, but he still didn't give up, and he "cursed". An Lushan ordered Yan Gaoqing to be tied to the Tianjin Bridge column. His tongue and hands were cut off and he died that year.
On this day, "more than 30 people with knives and saws died in Yan's family."
Two years later, the war situation was slightly flat. Yan Zhenqing didn't wash away the dust, looking for family bones everywhere, and finally found the skull of his nephew Yan Jiming and the leg bones of his brother Yan Gaoqing.
The second running script in history, A Manuscript for Sacrificing a Nephew, was written by Yan Zhenqing when he buried the bones of his nephew.
One of the lines was almost completely crossed out and copied. That sentence means that Yan Gaoqing sent someone to the capital for help, but was stopped by the satrap king on the way. Wang has many soldiers, but he didn't send any soldiers. The rebels are besieging the city, so they fought hard until the city was broken.
Repeatedly deleting and changing the smear is that "thieves and ministers can't be saved, the isolated city is surrounded, the father is trapped and the child dies, and the nest collapses."
6 | venison and rice
In 765, the Anshi Rebellion had been settled, and ten years had passed.
This year, Yan Zhenqing was demoted for impeaching the Prime Minister and blocking officials' remarks. It coincides with the drought in Guanzhong and the flood in Jiangnan. It is probably in this situation that he wrote "Deer Chest Post" and "Begging for Rice Post".
"Deer Chest Sticker" wrote: "The sick wife takes medicine and needs less venison. If there is a new good dry chest, I hope you can benefit a little. "
"Beggars" wrote: "If you are poor, you will make trouble, and if you are poor, you will give your family porridge for several months. Today, I am exhausted, only benefiting from troubles and frying, relying on family ties. So the announcement will benefit Shaomi, and it will be really hard. Forgive me for being bored. Really clear. "
Because his sick wife needed venison as seasoning, he asked Li Guangjin, an official of the same dynasty, for venison.
Because they are not good at making a living, the whole family ate porridge, so they asked Li Guangjin for rice and millet.
7 | His death
Yan Zhenqing was a veteran of the Four Dynasties. When Dezong and Huaixi made Li Xilie send troops against the Tang Dynasty, Ruzhou was captured and chaos broke out in the ruling and opposition parties.
Qilu, the prime minister at that time, was authoritarian and had long been afraid of Yan Zhenqing. So, he told Dezong that Li Xilie was too arrogant for ministers to dissuade him. Yan Zhenqing is a veteran and a loyal man. No one does not believe him. If he goes to woo Li Xilie, the imperial court can defeat the enemy without fighting.
Dezong must play.
As soon as this imperial edict came out, all the officials were worried about Yan Zhenqing. Someone advised him to stay a few more days, and the emperor might not keep him. Yan Zhenqing didn't stay long. He said, "I order you to avoid it."
He left a book at home and told him to "serve the temple and take care of orphans" and went alone. He is 73 years old.
As we all know, this trip just won't come back. Relatives practiced it for him in Changle slope, "Jump when you are drunk".
Yan Zhenqing was drunk at this time, dancing between the pillars in front of the house.
Li Xilie was certainly not tempted. But to persuade Yan Zhenqing to submit. After the establishment of the new dynasty, he became prime minister.
Yan Zhenqing said, have you ever heard of Yan Gaoqing? He is my brother.
He was so treated by An Lushan that he didn't give in. I am almost eighty years old, and I will keep my brother's honor until I die. How can your words tempt me?
So later, they also tried to use straw as a threat. Yan Zhenqing, himself jumped on the fire. Li Xilie was helpless and imprisoned him in longxing temple, Cai Zhou. Yan Zhenqing knew he was going to die, so he wrote an epitaph and eulogy for himself.
Soon, Tang Jun won. On August 3rd, the first year of Xingyuan, Yan Zhenqing was hanged under a cypress tree in longxing temple after being imprisoned for one year and seven months, at the age of 75.
Perhaps, it has a really good relationship with this Li Guangjin.
8 | Many pull-ups
There is such a story in Tang Yulin.
Before appealing to Li Xilie, Yan Zhenqing and others said that although all the way was doomed to death, it was for the country and loyalty. If it weren't for this, I would definitely be far away. I'm actually in good health.
To prove this, he performed sports for the people around him.
He got a mat, surrounded it with a mat, and then jumped out, which showed that his jumping ability was not bad.
I also found two rattan chairs and hung them for pull-ups. It is said that they can do it thousands of times.