How to sign your English article after the national standard is published?

The signed authors are those who have made substantial contributions to the paper. The implementer and author of the general experiment are the first author. The designer (instructor) of a general experiment (such as a tutor or the head of a scientific research team (project)) can be a correspondent. It's graduation season again, and many graduate students are busy writing papers. I want to talk about my personal views on the issue of signature when publishing academic papers. The signature of the paper is a very important issue. One is the honor of sharing the fruits, and the other is the responsibility. Misunderstandings, misunderstandings or contradictions are easy to occur if things involving fame and fortune are not handled properly. The seemingly simple signature problem is sometimes difficult to operate in practice. We know that today's scientific research is no longer an era of going it alone. Large-scale scientific research projects such as brain research, human genomics and global climate change research require the cooperation of scientists, academic groups and scientists at home and abroad. The number of signatories to this document is also increasing. Some international cooperative research projects have dozens or even hundreds of signatories, which is nothing new. So how do you sort the signatures? Signature principle: taking experimental biology as an example. The signer of the paper should be a person who has made substantial (or significant) contributions in the whole process of experimental design, data collection, data analysis and paper writing. Traditionally, as the implementer of the experiment and the author of the paper, it is natural to be the first author of the paper, such as graduate students, postdocs and some young scholars. Tutors or designers of projects (topics, experiments) are mainly responsible for the main body of the paper, and are generally regarded as communication authors, ranking last. Anyone who has done postdoctoral contact abroad knows that the last author of a paper is often the person in charge of the laboratory. The authors rank between the first author and the last author can be based on the actual contribution to the paper. The author of the paper should be familiar with the details and main conclusions of the paper and agree to publish it, and be able to answer readers' questions and questions about the paper. Because it is sometimes difficult to quantify the contribution to a paper, it is best to discuss the author's signature order before the experiment begins. If we can explain the principle of signature and related arrangements clearly earlier, there will be no unnecessary disputes in the future. For some important papers, the contributions made by multiple authors are equivalent and can be treated as joint first authors, but it is rare to be a joint communication author. People who contribute to the experimental process (such as experimenters, animal breeders, etc.). However, if you fail to reach the level as an author and provide general help in the process of writing the paper (such as assisting in consulting literature and analyzing data), you must thank you in the paper. Some special circumstances also need to be considered, such as providing important academic ideas and design ideas for a certain research; Some provide indispensable experimental materials in the experiment; Some provide important experimental equipment for research; By analogy, if the party (party) proposes to sign as the author of the paper, it can be considered. Of course, some of them are discussed and decided before the experiment begins, so there will be no such trouble. Author's responsibility: It must be emphasized that the author of a signed paper is responsible for the authenticity of the paper's achievements in addition to sharing the honor of the achievements. If the division of labor is not specified in the paper, all the authors will bear the relevant responsibilities if there are any problems in the published paper, such as false data, plagiarism and other academic misconduct. At present, some publications require the author to sign before publication, indicating that he has read and agreed to publish the data and conclusions in the paper. Some publications stipulate that correspondents can represent all authors. Some publications also require a clear description of the responsibility and contribution of each author, such as who collected the data; Who designed the experiment, who carried out the experiment; Who participates in the discussion, who conducts data analysis; Who wrote it? Wait. A few days ago, Linda B.Buck, the Nobel Prize winner, and her co-authors published a statement in Nature, and their paper published in Nature 200 1 was revoked. "They found that the data of paper 200 1 contradicted the original data," the statement said. The contribution of each author is indicated in the article. The original text is as follows: The author's contribution: L.B.B and L.F.H. conceived the project, L.F.H. and J.-P.M. prepared the gene targeting structure to produce mice (prepared the required experimental materials), and S.S. trained Z.Z. in gene targeting technology. Relevant information and requests for information should be sent to L.B.B (the contact person is Linda B. Barker). Non-standard signature: At present, there is indeed a problem of non-standard signature of papers in China. Some of them don't understand the rules, and some are for other reasons: 1. Whether you contribute to the paper or not, as long as you are a member of a laboratory or a research group, almost every paper will be signed by every member. This can increase the number of papers published by everyone. 2. Nominal leadership: Sometimes some researchers put the name of the leader on some papers in order to "curry favor" with some leaders or officials with resources. There are also times when relevant leaders suggest or take the initiative to ask for roll call. 3. Celebrities are named after "light": sometimes some scholars forcibly hang the names of some scholars with high knowledge (such as academicians). ) without asking the consent of the parties to review or publish papers smoothly (some may be their own tutors, etc. ) .4. Nominate and promote professional titles; Some people urgently need to evaluate professional titles, but they write their names on papers that have not contributed. 5. forcibly taking names; Some project leaders or laboratory leaders insist on signing their names on all papers in the laboratory. 6. Buy a cover for a certain purpose; Such as school evaluation, doctoral application and other urgently needed high-quality papers, use money to buy papers. 7. Graduation and degree nomination: Some students are eager to graduate and get a degree in order to meet the requirements of the unit for obtaining a degree, and write their names on articles that they have not submitted. Remind tutors and graduate students what to pay attention to: for some interesting purposes (such as assessment, etc. ), some graduate students publish their works during the master's degree in the name of the unit where they are studying for a doctorate; Or sign the name of your doctoral supervisor; Or there is no master tutor's name in the thesis, which is very wrong. Every tutor and graduate student must take these things seriously. First of all, the property right of the paper (achievement) belongs to the original unit (the unit supported by the project). Master students should respect the tutor's work and not be too "influential". Similarly, after doctoral students graduate, all the data during their doctoral period must be published in the name of the original unit, and the doctoral tutor should be one of the authors (if the tutor is responsible, it should generally be the communication author), and the original unit must be the first property right unit. "Visiting graduate students": Now, due to the expansion of enrollment, some tutors have no research funds and no projects. Graduate students look around for tutors who can provide experimental conditions and financial support. These students are called "visiting graduate students". Incredibly, the students' original unit clearly stipulates that the papers published by these graduate students must be the first author and signed by the first unit before they can apply for a degree from the school. It is really hard to understand such a requirement without providing research funds, research ideas and experimental conditions. , waiting to enjoy the results? I don't know why such a policy was introduced. Which professors also agreed? Regardless of the reputation and influence of the school? The problem of "multi-life professor": A paper today has many problems in many units. First, there are too many part-time and amphibious professors and scholars. The other is due to the actual interest relationship. Look at some so-called "independent innovation" high-quality papers in China, which are actually the results of foreign laboratories. Because he works part-time in a domestic unit (such as a lecture professor), there will be two or more units under this scholar's name. There are also some scholars who simply want to increase the number of papers and put their names on papers that have nothing to do with their majors. The same is true of the signature of "Professor Duo Qi" in China. As a graduate student, you should also understand the attribution of the results: if all the research projects, academic ideas and overall design of experiments you are engaged in are completed (or responsible) by your tutor or the person in charge of the laboratory, then no matter how important the results are, even if you win the Nobel Prize, the results should belong to this laboratory and your tutor or the person in charge of the project. Of course, the contribution made by graduate students cannot be buried. It is true that many things in our country are progressing and some norms are being established. In the past, some things were really unknown (not well understood), and some were driven by interests. For example, in performance appraisal, some units stipulate that the authors with top signatures should give high scores, and the communication authors should also give points according to the ranking order. In this way, some communication writers signed their names in the middle or front position. These phenomena were common a few years ago and still exist now, but they have gradually decreased. As long as everyone understands the relevant rules and the relevant policies are gradually improved and reasonable, it will naturally become formal. However, it is a serious violation of academic norms for those leaders to decide the order of authors at will and the tutor to give the first author of the paper to someone at will.