What plant is Taiwan Province lotus seed?
Chinese is also called Yangpu Peach, Zipu Peach, Java Peach, Pomegranate, Peach, Daiwu and Lianwu.
English name Wax-apple, Wax-jambo
The scientific name is Pu Tao. Samaranch) Mel Etperry
This family belongs to Myrtaceae and Syzygium.
Lotus mist is the scenery of Taiwan Province, and Chinese mainland often calls it "Yangpu Peach". The scientific name is Pu Tao. Samaranch is a tropical fruit tree of the genus Syzygium. Samaranch of Myrtaceae. It is also cultivated in Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi and southern Fujian on the mainland. /kloc-In the 7th century, lotus was introduced to Taiwan Province Province by the Dutch, and was originally planted as a garden ornamental tree. Until recent decades, due to the reform of management technology, it was promoted to be one of the most important economic fruit trees in Taiwan Province Province.
The adult tree of lotus is 3 meters high. Southeast Asia blooms 1 time in March-April, the fruit ripens in May-June, blooms twice in late July, ripens in August-September, and still blooms and bears fruit in 65438+February. Generally, the fruit weighs 70-80g. In Taiwan Province Province, the cultivation of lotus seeds is mostly regulated during the production period, with 4-6 times of flowering and fruiting every year, and the yield of lotus seeds per mu is 5,000 kg.
At present, the quality of lotus fog produced in Taiwan Province Province is the first in the world, and the quality of lotus fog produced in Taiwan Province Province is the best in Pingnan, especially in Zhou Nan and near the forest edge. The total cultivated area of lotus seeds in Taiwan Province Province is about 8,000 hectares, with 7,000 hectares in Pingtung County being the largest, followed by Kaohsiung County, Yilan County, Chiayi County and Taibei County. The planting area of this township, Zhou Nan Township, has reached nearly 800 hectares, which is nearly one tenth of that of Taiwan Province.
Lotus mist is evergreen all year round and is also a family greening tree. The tree has beautiful posture, long flowering period, fragrant flowers and beautiful flower shapes. Long fruiting period, numerous fruits, beautiful fruit shape, bell-shaped fruit, bright and dazzling fruit color, spongy flesh, slightly apple aroma, sweet and cool, and the varieties are milky white, turquoise, pink, crimson and so on. Lotus mist is sweet and flat. It contains protein, dietary fiber, sugar, vitamin B, vitamin C and so on. It has a special fragrance and is a natural antipyretic. Because it contains a lot of water, it has antipyretic, diuretic, calming the heart and calming the nerves in dietotherapy.
Nelumbo nucifera prefers warm to cold, and the optimum temperature for its growth is 25-30℃. It prefers moist and fertile soil and has no strict requirements on soil conditions. Sandy soil, clay, red soil and slightly acidic or alkaline soil can be planted, but pruning, nutrition management, irrigation and drainage, cold prevention and production period adjustment should be done well. In addition, thinning flowers and fruits, bagging, harvesting with gloves and receiving goods in the field are all technical links emphasized in the commercialization of lotus spray in Taiwan Province. Professionals believe that this is one of the achievements of scientific and technological research. Without the improvement of this cultivation technique, lotus may still stay in the state of garden cultivation. Lotus spray bears fruit quickly, and generally produces a small amount of fruit in the second year after planting, and then increases year by year. A lotus fog with a tree age of 10 year can harvest 300 to 400 kilograms of fruit every year.
Nelumbo nucifera is a good fruit that can treat many diseases. Sweet in nature, it has the functions of moistening lung, relieving cough, eliminating phlegm, cooling blood and astringing. Indications: lung dryness, cough, hiccup, persistent fog, hemorrhoid bleeding, abdominal distension, enteritis and dysentery, diabetes, etc. Grinding with charcoal can also treat traumatic bleeding and leg ulcers. In addition, there is a folk saying in Taiwan Province Province that "eat lotus mist to clear lung fire". People regard it as a good fruit to relieve summer heat and thirst, and they are used to cooking rock sugar to treat dry cough without phlegm or difficulty in expectoration. Lotus fruit is hollow (solid) and looks like a wax pill. People also like to use it as a cold dish at banquets, which is a wonderful fruit for hangover. It is slightly sweet and slightly sour, with the aroma of apples, and leaves fragrance on teeth and cheeks after eating. Dig a hole in the center of the lotus mist, plug the minced meat, and steam on high fire for about 10 minutes. It is a traditional dish in Taiwan Province Province, and it is called "Four Seas". Soak the cut lotus seeds in salt water for a period of time, and then stir-fry them with cucumber and carrot slices. It is not only good in color, shape and taste, but also crisp and delicious. It is a rare summer diet food. Lotus spray is not resistant to storage, generally it can only be stored for one week at room temperature, so it should be sent to the market immediately after collection and packaging. Lotus spray is mainly eaten raw with fresh fruit, and can also be pickled, sweetened, canned, dehydrated and preserved or made into juice. [Edit this paragraph] Cultivation of lotus spray I. Pruning
Black diamond lotus is an evergreen tree with a large opening. For the convenience of management, after planting, 3 ~ 4 strong and large-angle main branches are selected at a position about 40 ~ 60 cm from the ground and evenly distributed in all directions. The upright trunk is cut off or obliquely inserted with wire to form a good open tree shape. The height of the tree is generally below 2.5 meters, but pruning is prohibited in June-July or August-September. ?
Second, nutrition management? 1. 9 ~ 10 months after successful flower forcing every year, the mother plant needs to apply 50% of the annual total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (total amount N-P? 2O？ 5-K？ 2O is 1.2kg per plant), and chicken manure, duck manure, cake fertilizer or compost 10 ~ 30kg is added to each plant. From February to June10 to May of the following year, the remaining 50% nitrogen fertilizer and 25% phosphorus fertilizer were applied in stages, and trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, boron, manganese, iron, copper, zinc and molybdenum were sprayed on the leaves every 15 ~ 20 days, which had an important influence on the quality and color of mango. 3. Apply the remaining phosphorus and potassium fertilizer from June to July after harvest. Application method: before flowering, the basal fertilizer is to open an annular fertilization ditch at the edge of the crown about 30 ~ 60 cm inward from the trunk, with a depth of about 15 cm and a width of 20 cm. Cover the soil after fertilization, and topdressing can be applied in the ditch or along the outer edge of the crown in other periods.
Three. Irrigation and drainage
The orchard needs plenty of water except dormancy and flower bud differentiation.
Fourth, cold protection? In addition to strengthening the management of fertilizer culture to make the trees strong and applying more potassium fertilizer to enhance the cold resistance, 98% sodium tea acetate (SNA) and gibberellin (GA? 3)10 ~ 200,000 times, spraying high-concentration 98% sodium tea acetate 40 ~ 50,000 times a day before and after the cold current. If it is frosting, it is necessary to spray groundwater at night or the next morning to remove the frost on the leaves. ?
Verb (abbreviation for verb) harvesting and processing? When the inherent color of the lotus spray appears and the fruit sag (navel) unfolds, you can start harvesting. Fruit is not resistant to storage, generally it can only be stored for one week at room temperature, and it should be sent to the market immediately after harvesting and packaging. Lotus spray is mainly eaten raw with fresh fruit, and can also be pickled, sweetened, canned, dehydrated and preserved or made into juice. Mainland 30 yuan
Cultivation techniques of lotus fog
Lotus mist is a typical tropical crop, which originated in Malay Peninsula. The main variety planted in Fujian is the best quality black pearl lotus seed bred in Taiwan Province Province. Through several years of trial planting, a set of high-yield cultivation techniques for planting black pearl lotus seeds (hereinafter referred to as lotus seeds) were summarized.
site condition
Lotus mist likes warmth and is afraid of cold. The optimum growth temperature is 25-30℃, and it will freeze at 8℃. The requirements for soil are not strict, but slightly alkaline, moist and fertile clay soil is the most suitable (such as paddy field), and the yield and quality of land and dry land planting are low.
cultivation techniques
It is suitable for planting lotus in spring, with a spacing of 4m×5m. Dig big pits, fertilize and plant big seedlings. The hole should be dug 1 m square, and the garbage, soil and fertilizer should be 50 kg per hole. Seedling raising requires first-class seedlings, about 500 plants per hectare, and then gradually thinning.
After shaping, pruning and planting, leave a trunk, and cut off the upper end at a place 60cm away from the ground. At the trunk more than 25 cm away from the ground, select 3-4 new branches with strong growth potential and uniform distribution, and take them as the main body at a distance of about 10 cm, and cut off all the others except a few as auxiliary branches. At the same time, the vertical rod is tied to the main branch and naturally shaped at an angle of 45℃. Before the Spring Festival of the following year, the newly left main branches should be appropriately cut short and the weak parts should be cut off. When the spring shoots are ready, the strong crown should be selected in Xianrui to expand branches in blocks. The purpose of shaping and pruning is not only to choose a good tree shape, but also to send ventilation, which is especially important after entering the debugging date. If you want to bear fruit in winter and spring, you must cut it short in February every year, and cut off all the leaves on the plant, as well as diseased branches, dead branches, over-dense branches and long branches, leaving only branches for 2 years. If it is half-cut, it must be shaded.
Fertilizer and water management Lotus requires a large amount of fertilizer, so more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied in the early stage, but not more nitrogen fertilizer in the flower bud differentiation stage, and then phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied after small fruit. Scientifically manage water, keep the orchard dry from September to June to facilitate flower bud differentiation, keep it moist at other times, and irrigate it in time to prevent flowers and fruits from falling. As far as annual management is concerned, 400-600g nitrogen fertilizer is generally applied to 1-2-year-old trees and 1299- 1800g nitrogen fertilizer is applied to 7-8-year-old trees. Usually, 50% of the total amount of NPK fertilizer is applied before flowering from September to June, and compost10 kg is added; During the flower and fruit period from March to April, nitrogen fertilizer accounting for 50% of the total amount and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer accounting for 25% of the total amount were applied by stages; At the end of the harvest in June and July, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer accounting for 25% of the total amount will be applied. When the fruit bears fruit, nitrogen, phosphorus and trace elements can be sprayed on the leaves during the fruit-bearing period. In addition, in some coastal areas, the soil salt content is too high. If fresh water is used to flush salt and reduce soil salt content, soil properties can be obviously improved and plants can grow normally.
There are a lot of flowers and fruits in flowering and fruit thinning. Five-year-old trees generally have more than 2,000 normal flower spikes, and the number of stamens per spike is generally between 1 1-2 1, while the fruits produced by economic cultivation only need about 200 spikes, and only need 6-8 stamens per spike. In order to accelerate the fruit development, increase the fruit and improve the quality, it is advisable to choose the ear with good fruit retaining position, avoid scratching and sun exposure, and delete the fruit with poor quality. When selecting and preserving, we should first remove the upward-growing spike, remove the spike at the top of the long branch, and try to leave the spike on the horizontal-growing trunk to avoid the fruit stalk or short tip from breaking due to overload when the fruit grows up in the future. After selecting the remaining ears, unnecessary stamens or fruits are removed from these remaining ears. At the same time, Mao Mao rope should be used to hang the ear on the scaffolding for pulling. Bagging should be carried out in the young fruit stage (bell hanging stage) about 20 days after flowering. Before bagging, the whole garden must thoroughly control pests and diseases. If the density of Drosophila is too high, it should be bagged in advance, that is, after the flowers wither.
In order to meet the market demand, flowers can be urged. Make lotus grow from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. The delivery cycle is adjusted to 65438+ February to April of the following year. Commonly used methods include irrigation, root cutting, girdling, bending branches and so on.
The main diseases of pest control are anthracnose and fruit rot flash disease, and the pests are mainly fruit flies, scarabs and scale insects. Lotus fruit is sensitive to pesticides. Therefore, zineb, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, pyrethroid and other low toxicity and high efficiency pesticides can be used in production.
You can't eat purple when picking lotus fruits. When the navel is unfolded, you can harvest it. Generally, fruits can only be stored at room temperature for 1 week. Pack it and sell it immediately.
Lotus seeds have a long history of cultivation in Taiwan Province Province. As early as17th century, it was introduced from Java by the former Dutch, and only sporadically planted in farmyards and orchards all over Taiwan Province Province. In recent years, due to the research breakthrough of varieties and cultivation techniques, the production cycle of lotus seeds has been advanced and the quality has been improved, and now it is regarded as a good fruit in summer. Ranked 6th and 7th among more than 20 main economic fruit trees in Taiwan Province Province. The quality of lotus in Taiwan Province Province is the best. The fruit has a special fragrance, crisp and delicious, and looks elegant. High-quality lotus seeds are called "black pearls" and cost hundreds of yuan (NT) per kilogram. Good cultivation and management can be harvested five times a year, especially in the dry and hot season of spring and summer. As a cool and thirst-quenching fruit, it is very popular. At present, the cultivated area of lotus fog in Taiwan Province Province has reached more than 8,700 hectares, mainly distributed in Yilan, Changhua, Tainan and Pingtung, with an annual output of more than 654.38 million tons. The best lotus in Bao Dao comes from the southernmost Pingtung County.
Lotus spray is not resistant to storage, generally it can only be stored for one week at room temperature, so it should be sent to the market immediately after collection and packaging. Lotus spray is mainly eaten raw with fresh fruit, and can also be pickled, sweetened, canned, dehydrated and preserved or made into juice. [Edit this paragraph] The purchased lotus spray has a layer of natural shiny fruit wax, and the colors are milky white, turquoise, pink, deep red and deep purple. The pulp is spongy and contains a lot of water, which is not only sweet but also has a faint apple flavor, and contains a small amount of nutrients such as protein, fat, carbohydrates and minerals. Suitable for raw food, and more delicious when it is cold. How to choose delicious lotus spray?
The quality of lotus spray is mainly distinguished by sweetness, meat quality, color and size, while consumers can easily distinguish it by appearance size and color, but sweetness and meat quality are not easy to distinguish. Here is a brief introduction to help consumers choose the advantages and disadvantages of lotus spray:
1. Size: generally, a few capsules per catty are the standard, with less than 4 capsules per catty being top grade, 4-5 capsules per catty being medium grade, 5-6 capsules per catty being medium grade, 6-7 capsules per catty being defective, and more than 7 capsules being defective.
2. Sweetness: The average consumer can only distinguish sweetness by subjective "tongue". Whether it is sweet or not is easy for people, but it is generally measured by Brix 0-32%. 15 degrees is extremely sweet, 12- 15 degrees is very sweet, 10- is very sweet.
3. Meat quality: consumers can cross-cut the lotus mist with a blade. The thicker the pulp, the less sponge (that is, spongy in the middle), indicating that the quality is better.
4. Color: There is no absolute relationship between color and the taste of lotus, and it will change with the seasons. Generally, the color is deepest in winter (sometimes as deep as deep purple). As the climate gets hotter, the color of lotus gradually fades. Generally, the closer the color of winter lotus is to purple, the more mature it is and the higher the sugar content is. The brighter the skin after gently wiping with a cloth, the higher the quality. The brightness of the epidermis is also related to the thickness of the meat. The brighter the skin, the thicker the meat, but it is not limited if it is too ripe, because if it is too ripe, the brightness will be light and messy, but the taste will not be affected. Another special case is that if the lotus fruit is exposed to too much sunlight, it will destroy its pigment and turn white. If cooked enough, it will turn milky yellow. Although its color is not beautiful, it is also delicious.
When buying lotus spray, you can not only pay attention to the color, but also identify its maturity from the appearance. The bigger the bottom of the lotus spray, the more mature it is. Pink variety, the fruit is large, full and straight, and the fruit color is deep red, while red and black black black pearls are the sweetest, followed by dark and clear red.
Cleanliness: It is easier to hide dirty things at the bottom of lotus mist. Rinse with water and soak in salt water to taste better. You can cut off the navel at the bottom of the fruit when you eat it. How to eat: Never cut the lotus in half. The whole bite, a crisp sound, from the tip of the bite more sweet. It is said that the Dragon Boat Festival is also very suitable for eating lotus mist. [Edit this paragraph] The drug name is Lotus Spray.
Chinese Pinyin Lianwu
Latin plant and animal mineral names-Peach. )Merr . et Perry[my rtus Samarangense bi。 ]
Return to the heart; Liver meridian
The efficacy of purging fire and detoxifying; Eliminating dampness and relieving itching
Classification of families and genera of Myrtaceae
Indications for sores on the tongue and mouth; Thrush; The sores are wet and rotten; pruritus vulvae
It can be harvested and stored all year round, rarely used or dried.
Resources are distributed in Guangdong, Taiwan Province and Guangxi. Native to Malaysia and India.
Animal and plant morphology: phoenix tree, arbor, 12 m high. The buds were squashed. Leaves opposite; Petiole is extremely short, not more than 4 mm long; Leaf blade is thin leathery, oval to oblong, 10-22cm long and 6-8cm wide, with blunt or slightly sharp apex, narrow base, round or slightly heart-shaped, yellow-brown on the upper surface after drying, and many tiny glandular spots on the lower surface. The lateral veins are 14- 19 pairs, which are combined with each other at a distance of 5mm from the edge and close to each other. Thymus terminal or axillary, 5-6 cm long, with several flowers; White flowers; Calyx tube obconical, calyx teeth 4, semicircular; There are many stamens, about 1.5cm long, and the style is 2.5-3cm long. The fruit is pear-shaped or conical, fleshy, purple-red, shiny, 4-5 cm long, with concave top and fleshy sepals. 1 seed. The flowering period is from March to April, and the fruit ripens from May to June.
Sweet in nature; Sexual apathy
Source: Chinese Materia Medica