How old is Guqin?
It is said that the history of guqin is about 3000 years ago. There are still different opinions about the specific time.
According to some historical records, in primitive times, there was a Fuxi Shennong who invented farming. He used to create a piano by "cutting a tung for a piano and a rope for a string".
But Fuxi is a figure in ancient myths and legends in China, and it is unconvincing to say that he created Qin.
Some scholars pointed out that the production of guqin experienced a time from making tools to musical instruments. The first appearance of Qin Dynasty should be in the period of slavery in China.
The period of slavery in China is a long historical stage. Up to now, there is evidence confirmed by written records or archaeological relics that Chinese guqin generally appeared from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period.
According to historical records, Qin had been widely circulated in the society in the Western Zhou Dynasty and often played with musical instruments. The so-called "recitation of family strings" and "friends of harps and harps" in the Book of Songs are all in this respect.
Among the harps and harps unearthed in China, the earliest one is from the Spring and Autumn Period.
Some historical experts believe that the guqin that appeared before the Spring and Autumn Period is still in the primitive and extremely immature stage. Can't meet the needs of playing music.
During the Qin and Han dynasties, the shape of guqin was greatly improved, and the playing skills of guqin were also improved, forming its own unique timbre. This is the real guqin.
I wonder if this view will be generally recognized.
When did Guqin originate? It is called Qin, lyre, lyre and is an ancient musical instrument in China. Guqin can be classified as silk in octave or plucked instrument. It has a deep timbre and a long aftertaste, and has the characteristics of oriental culture. Guqin has always been valued by literati, and is known as "the father of national music" and "the instrument of saints".
The origin of guqin: the creators of guqin have the saying that Fuxi is used to playing the piano, Shennong plays the piano, and Shun plays banjo and sings the south wind. As a legend to remember, you may not believe it, but you can see that Guqin has a long history in China.
The history and culture of Guqin: Guqin is the earliest stringed instrument of Han nationality and a treasure of Chinese culture. It is cherished by the world for its long history, rich literature, rich connotation and far-reaching influence. The physical objects unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi in Hubei Province date back more than 2,400 years. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, guqin products have been handed down from generation to generation. From the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Qing Dynasty, there were more than 100 kinds of music and 3000 musical instruments. There are also a large number of documents about pianists, piano theory, piano system and piano art, and the rich remains are outstanding among Chinese musical instruments. In ancient times, Qin, chess, books and paintings were combined to summarize the traditional culture of the Chinese nation. Many famous performers have emerged throughout the ages. They are historical and cultural celebrities, handed down from generation to generation. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, guqin was also introduced to East Asian countries, and was absorbed and passed down by the traditional cultures of these countries. In modern times, with the footprints of China people all over the world, it became a symbol of oriental culture in the eyes of westerners.
In what year was Guqin first introduced to China? Guqin was originally from China, how can it be said that it was introduced to China?
Guqin, also known as lyre, Qin Yu and lyre, is one of the oldest plucked instruments in China. Guqin was popular in the era of Confucius, with a written history of more than 4000 years. According to historical records, guqin appeared not later than Yao and Shun. At the beginning of this century, in order to distinguish western musical instruments, the word "Gu" was added in front of "Qin", which was called "Guqin". An ancient musical instrument that still rings in the study and on the stage.
You may be talking about the piano. Piano was first introduced to China in the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty (1583). Matteo Ricci (1552- 1665438), a Jesuit and scholar, arrived in Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China, and brought an ancient piano to Hua Xian Temple, a Catholic church in Zhaoqing. This is one of the earliest ancient pianos recorded in China.
3 Chinese Guqin History During the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, Guqin art developed greatly. In addition to being an accompaniment instrument for harmony songs and Buddhist music, it also appears in the form of "Qu Dan".
Such as instrumental music Guangling San, Hu Da Jiaming, Xiao Hu Jiaming, etc. , reflecting the Guqin as an important development stage of instrumental music performance. Cai Yong's father and daughter at the end of Han Dynasty and Ji Kang in Wei and Jin Dynasties were both famous guqin players and composers at that time.
For example, Ji Kang is good at playing the famous guqin Guangling San, which has been passed down to this day as a historical story. Famous music includes Four Alleys in Changqing, Short Qing, Long Side and Short Side. Cai's five squares: spring outing, green water, seclusion, sitting and worrying; Legend has it that Ruan Ji, one of the seven sages of bamboo forest, wrote the piano music Drunk and Wang Yiqing's Night Cry in the Six Dynasties and the Song Dynasty.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, western music prevailed, pipa rose, and the development of guqin music was restrained to some extent. However, due to the emergence of Guqin music, it not only promoted the spread of Guqin music at that time, but also had far-reaching historical significance for the inheritance and development of Guqin music in later generations, which made the history of ancient music in China enter a period with sound to follow.
At the end of Sui Dynasty and the beginning of Tang Dynasty, Zhao sorted out the popular fingering techniques at that time, and compiled works explaining the playing methods such as Right-handed Piano Playing Method and Piano Playing Gesture Map. The famous piano music "Jieshi Diaoyou Orchid" is a biography of the Southern Ming Dynasty, and now it is a manuscript of the Tang Dynasty that has spread to Japan. This is the earliest and only ancient piano music known in China.
In the Tang Dynasty, Li Qiao, Li Qi, Li Bai, Han Yu, Bai Juyi, Zhang Hu, Yuan Zhen and others all wrote immortal poems for Guqin. Bai Juyi likes guqin, and in "Night Qin", there are: "Qin Shu is solid in wood, and Chu Si is clear in rhyme."
His piano skills are so high that he can play and sing by himself. Even on the sailing ship, he still regards guqin as his friend. He wrote in "The Boat Helps the Piano at Night": Birds move the moon, and the moonlight shines on the river. There is nothing outside except the piano on the boat. The lyre is a good friend, and both ears are bosom friends. When calm, the voice is light and the smell is unknown. "
Zhang Hu's "Listening to Mr. Xu of Yuezhou Playing the Piano" also says: "Jade method is an ancient piano, and philosophers see the heart of saints. In the end, the south wind seems to be a relic, and nine suspected apes and birds are all over the mountain. "
Described the rich expressive force of guqin. The famous Qin musicians in the Tang Dynasty were Zhao Yili, Dong, Xue, Chen Kangshi and Chen Zhuo.
Zhao Yili summed up the Qin school at that time and said: "Wu Sheng is quiet and graceful. If the Yangtze River is wide and slow, there will be a national wind, and the voice of Shu will be impatient. The waves are as urgent as thunder, and they will be handsome for a while. " It still conforms to the characteristics of Wu and Shu schools. During the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Dong's works were handed down from generation to generation, including Da Hujia and Xiao Hujia.
In Ji Qin, Xue summed up the function of guqin music: "You can observe the wind and teach, capture the soul, distinguish feelings, enjoy yourself, be calm, be courageous, be secular and respect ghosts and gods." It is also pointed out that the performer must be "calm and devoted", which is valued by later pianists, which has led to many piano playing norms.
In the late Tang Dynasty, Cao Rou created the reduction spectrum in view of the extremely complicated character spectrum and inconvenient use. That is to say, on the basis of Chinese character spectrum, the Chinese character spectrum is reduced, which is similar to playing with symbols and is an early form of Chinese character spectrum.
Dong (Kaiyuan and Tianbao years), a famous pianist in the Tang Dynasty, inherited the most famous timbres of Shen and Zhu by Chen Huaigu, a teacher at that time, and was good at playing piano music "Dahujia" and "Xiaohujia". Xue, a Tianbao-born Chinese violinist, can play 40 works and 300 mixed voices, and has seven theoretical works, including Three Gorges Flowing Spring, Hu Jia, Wu Ye Tune, Farewell to Crane and Snow White.
In the late Tang Dynasty, Qin Kangshi composed piano music based on Qu Yuan's Lisao. On the one hand, the Guqin in Song Dynasty tends to be nostalgic and retro; On the other hand, due to its long-term practice in the performance of Harmony and Shangqinglue, its far-reaching connection with folk music and the historical tradition of "the original sound of Chu and Han", Guqin music has not been lost in the retro tendency, but has developed ups and downs.
Guo mian (no. Wang Chu, born in 1 190, died in 1260) and his disciples Liu Zhifang, Mao Minzhong and others made certain contributions to the development of guqin music in the arrangement and creation of guqin heritage. Such as Guo Mian's piano music Xiaoxiang Water Cloud, Pan Canglang and Qiu Hong; Liu Zhifang's Forgetting the Machine and Wu Jiangyin; Mao Minzhong's fisherman's song, woodcutter's song, Perrin's song and Mountain Dwelling's song have been handed down in Qin Le.
At that time, Qin Le was also famous for his Songs of Chu, Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia, Zepan Fu and so on. Qin Song is Gu Yuan written by Jiang Kui (A.D.1155-1221). Cui Xian, a Taoist priest in Lushan Mountain, wrote "Drunken Weng Yin" and so on. The History of Qin written by Zhu in Song Dynasty truly recorded the historical materials of Sui, Tang and Dai Qin.
How many years of music history in China According to historical records, the earliest stringed instrument in the world is the guqin of China, also known as the lyre, Qin Yu and lyre. Guqin is a popular musical instrument in the Zhou Dynasty, with a history of at least 3,000 years. At the beginning of this century, it was called "Guqin". The creators of Qin Dynasty have legends such as "Fuxi once played the piano", "Shennong played the piano" and "Shun banjo sang the south wind", which shows that Qin has a long history in China. The Book of Songs Guanluo records that "My Fair Lady is a friend of harps and harps", and The Book of Songs Xiaoya also records that "harps and harps beat drums to rule the feet", but music definitely precedes musical instruments.
In addition, there are many legends about music handed down in ancient China. The ancient history of China recorded the era of the Yellow Emperor five thousand years ago. A musician named Ling Lun went to Kunhua Mountain in the west to collect bamboo to make a flute. At that time, there happened to be five phoenixes flying in the air, and he was in tune with the law. The first emperor of China, Huangdi, was a famous monarch five thousand years ago. He created calendars and characters. At that time, in addition to Ling Lun mentioned above, there was also a musician named Fuxi. It is said that Fuxi is a snake with a head, and she was pregnant in her mother's womb for twelve years. He played a piano with 50 strings. Because the timbre was too sad, the Yellow Emperor cut it in half and changed it to 25 strings.
This shows that the origin of music should be accompanied by human enlightenment. At that time, people used the sound level, strength and so on. To express their meaning and feelings. Later, with the change of percussion rhythm and timbre, it became the most primitive music that could be widely circulated among tribes or groups. The record of The Book of Songs should be the earliest official document, but at that time there were already musical instruments and certain formats. As can be seen from the records in Shan Hai Jing, there was music in ancient times.
Guqin is the Guqin of what dynasty, also known as the lyre, or Si Tong, Qilu, etc. It is also called "lyre" because it has seven strings.
The piano body is formed by gluing a panel and a bottom plate, showing a long and narrow shape. Thirteen "emblem" points are embedded in the panel outside the rope.
Liu Changqing, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote, "Your lyre is like a cold wind in a pine forest." Its "seven strings" refers to the guqin, and "Lingling" refers to the timbre of the guqin.
There are different opinions about the history of guqin. Some people say that Fuxi Shennong cut tung into a piano, and the rope was a string. Some people say that it originated from earlier Babylonian culture, but there is no conclusion. Since the Han Dynasty, it has been recorded in literature that the creators of Qin were Fuxi (Song Shiyue), Shennong (Xin Lun, Shuo Wen Jie Zi, Han Shu Yi Tong) and Shun Di (Yue Ji Han).
So far, the earlier Qin unearthed are the ten-stringed Qin in the tomb of Zeng Houyi in the early Warring States period and the seven-stringed Qin in the Han tomb of Mawangdui in Changsha. The former has a history of more than 2400 years, and the latter has a history of 1900 years.
There are many poems describing "Qin" in the Book of Songs: "The chair is painted with tung, and the Qin is cut with instruments." ("In the Square of Determination") "The harp is in the court, so you must be quiet."
("Chicken Crow") "I have guests, playing drums." ("Luming Literature"), etc.
"Music" also records: "Playing the giant bell, drumming, playing the harp, playing the cymbals, celebrating happiness." "Shun is a banjo."
In the Warring States Policy, Linzi is very rich and practical, and everyone plays flute, drums, percussion and piano. These accounts not only show that Qin has a long history, but also show that it has a considerable range of influence and application in social life at that time.
In 433 BC, the Qin unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi in the Warring States Period, its overall structure, shape, panel, bottom plate, moon mountain, strings, goose feet and the method of tying strings, these basic structures are exactly the same as the traditional guqin that can still be seen since the Tang and Song Dynasties. The difference is that the piano body is very short, only 67 cm, ten strings are tied together, and the piano face is engraved with shallow grooves with square lines. ① The "Qin" unearthed from Mawangdui Tomb in the Western Han Dynasty has seven strings and is 82.4 cm long. Its shape is the same as the "Qin" unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi, belonging to the same musical instrument. Although there are still shallow grooves on the surface of the piano, the total length from the inside of the piano to the end of the piano is three times.
These two unearthed "Qin" and the existing guqin since the Tang Dynasty, both in structure and playing method, are in the same strain. As the predecessor of guqin, it has developed into guqin since the Tang and Song Dynasties, which conforms to the logical track of musical instrument development from simplicity to complexity and from polymorphism to similarity.
Records in the Book of Songs and other documents are similar to those of Qin unearthed, so it can be said that ancient Qin has a history of nearly 3000 years. Guqin is one of the musical instruments advocated by China literati in past dynasties.
Play stringed instruments. It was called Qin Qixiong in ancient times.
In modern times, it is called guqin and lyre. There are records in ancient documents in China, such as The Book of Songs, Zuo Zhuan, Guoyu and Lv Chunqiu.
During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, musicians from all over the world were proficient in piano, such as Zhong Yi of Chu and Shi Kuang of Jin. Confucius is good at playing the piano, and among the "six arts" he teaches, there are contents of playing the piano and reciting poems.
Since the Han and Wei Dynasties, Sima Xiangru, Cai Yong and Ji Kang have all been famous for playing the piano. In the Tang Dynasty, poets such as Li Qiao, Xin Li, Li Bai, Han Yu, Bai Juyi and Zhang all wrote immortal poems for playing the piano.
Song Huizong people love the piano art, and Zeng Guangshou's famous piano is hidden in this special "Wan Qin Hall". Since the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, with the development of Guqin performance art, due to the differences in performance style, inheritance and recorded music, many Qin schools have been formed, each with outstanding musicians and music.
The famous Qin schools are Zhejiang School, Yushan School and Guangling School. There are Pucheng School, Panchuan School, September 1st School, Zhucheng School and Lingnan School in modern times.
The production process of guqin also has a long history, and many famous piano makers come forth in large numbers. In the Tang dynasty, there were more than ten people in Sichuan Leishi, such as,, Leijue, etc.
And Zhang Yue, Guo Liang, Li Mian and other masters. Leave a lot of fine products for future generations.
In the Song Dynasty, there were Zhu, Wei Zhongzheng and Jin Dao. In the yuan dynasty, there was beauty and face; There was He Zhang in Ming Dynasty. Guqin is a flat and long speaker, with a length of about 130 cm, a width of about 20 cm and a thickness of about 5 cm.
The panel, also called the piano face, is a long wooden board with an arched surface. There is a chord hole at the head end of the piano, an oval tail, and crescent-shaped or square-folded people on both sides of the neck and waist. The bottom plate, also known as the bottom of the piano, has the same shape as the panel, but it is not arched. It is the cavity of the piano dug in the lower part of the whole piece of wood.
There are two sound holes in the bottom plate, called Longchi and Fengman respectively. There are two foot holes near the waist in the middle, and two feet are installed on them to praise the feet. The piano face and the bottom plate are bonded to form the piano body, and the tongue-shaped wooden board is stuck inside the piano head to form a space separated from the belly of the piano, which is called the tongue hole.
There is a sound beam on the back of the panel, also called Shi Xiang. There are two pillars in the belly of the piano, called Tianzhu and Judy.
Chords, also called Qin Zhen, are mostly round or melon-shaped, hollow (for threading), and the strings are tied with velvet ropes and tied around the harp. The strings are wrapped in silk.
Yueshan is embedded in the head of the panel and also has a chord hole. There are four feet on the floor. The first two feet are called palms and the last two feet are called tail stickers, which play the role of flattening the body.
13 signs made of mother-of-pearl or jade are embedded in the panel to mark phonemes. Guqin has beautiful shapes, such as Fuxi, Zhong Ni, Julian, sunset and the moon.
Mainly according to the different neck and waist shapes of the piano body. Lacquer has broken lines, which is the symbol of the ancient piano.
Due to the vibration of long-term performance and the difference of wood and paint base, various broken lines can be formed, such as plum blossom break, cow hair break, snake belly break, ice breaking, turtle pattern and so on. A broken piano is more valuable because of its clear sound and beautiful appearance.
When playing, put the piano on the table, pluck the strings with your right hand, press the strings with your left hand and pick up the sound. Guqin has a range of four octaves and two tones.
There are 7 scattered tones, 9 1 overtone and 147 technical tones. There are many ways to play, such as supporting, breaking, rubbing, picking, hooking, picking, hitting, picking, turning, poking, pinching, rolling and so on. There are songs, songs, notes, bumps, strokes, strokes, strokes, strokes, strokes, strokes, strokes, strokes.
Guqin, also known as lyre, Qin Yu and lyre, is one of the oldest plucked instruments in China. Guqin has been popular since Confucius' time and has a history of at least 3000 years. At the beginning of this century, it was called "Guqin". The creators of Qin include Fuxi Playing the Piano, Shennong Playing the Piano, Shun Playing the Banjo and Singing the South Wind, etc. As a legend, you may not believe it, but you can see that Qin has a long history in China. "My Fair Lady, Friends of Rabbit and Rabbit" is recorded in The Book of Songs Guanluo, and "Rabbit and Rabbit beat drums to rule Tianzu" is also recorded in The Book of Songs Xiaoya.
The length of a piano is generally about three feet six inches and a half (about 120- 125 cm), which symbolizes 365 days a year (just like 365 degrees on Sunday). Usually about six inches (about 20 centimeters) wide. Generally about two inches (about 6 cm) thick. Qin was first made according to the shape of a phoenix, and its whole body corresponds to the phoenix (or human body), including head, neck, shoulders, waist, tail and feet.
Guqin has a beautiful shape. There are 38 piano styles, including Fuxi, Zhong Ni, Julian, Sunset, Brain Wave, Banana Leaf and Shennong.
Shile piano making
The history of Guqin (in more detail) Guqin, also known as Qin, lyre, stone and lyre, is a plucked instrument in China with a history of more than 3,000 years, belonging to the silk in the octave. Guqin has a wide range, deep timbre and lingering sound. "Qin" has been its specific meaning since ancient times. From 65438 to 1920s, it was renamed Guqin to distinguish it from piano. At the beginning, it was 5 strings, and it was customized to 7 strings in the Han Dynasty. There are 13 emblems that mark the rhythm. They are also ritual vessels and musical instruments.
Pre-Qin era
The origin of Qin is not verified, but all clan leaders at the beginning of ancient civilization in China were related to the legend of Qin's founding, such as Fuxi controlling Qin.
Legends such as Shennong, Tang Yao, Huangdi and Yu Shun, but without archaeological support, should be said to be incidental. Zhong Yi in the Western Zhou Dynasty was the earliest professional violinist in existing records. According to historical records, during the Spring and Autumn Period, Qin musicians were found in vassal states, and most of them took "teacher" as their surname, such as,,, Shi Juan and so on.
Western Han Dynasty and Eastern Han Dynasty
The type of Qin dynasty was determined in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Cai Yong's "Cao Qin" is the richest and most detailed book focusing on pre-Qin music. The original book has been lost, and it has been compiled by later generations. There are also five Qin Ge, which are collectively called "Cai Wunong". It is said that he once made a famous piano made of wood from the residual coke of the stove.
Jin Wei
During the war-torn Wei-Jin period, a large number of literati appeared who were not attached to the imperial court.
Southern and Northern Dynasties
During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, both monarchs and literati loved music and literature, and literati loved to play the piano and explain the sound, which was very popular. Due to the restriction of the aristocratic gate system on literati, many literati are cynical and entertain themselves with piano books.
Sui and Tang Dynasties
Yan music was popular in Sui and Tang Dynasties, but the piano style was a little lower. Qin Tang, especially the guzheng in the Tang Dynasty, is fat and * * *. Most of the existing Qin Tang often have two paulownia pieces on the Longchi and plump panels as false tones.
Song and Yuan Dynasties
Due to the policy of suppressing martial arts in the Song Dynasty, from Song Taizong to the emperor to the ruling and opposition parties in the Song Dynasty, all of them were very good at playing the piano, and they were proud of their ability to play the piano, reaching the peak of good piano in previous dynasties. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Qin began to show obvious genre inheritance. Guqinbian in Song Dynasty, with a total length of1.28cm and a shoulder width of 25cm. Its flat body grew up, and its size was bigger than that of Qin Tang handed down from ancient times. It is one of the main styles of Qin in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the Southern Song Dynasty, besides the antique works, the shape gradually became flat and narrow, especially the Zhong Ni-style guqin, which was the main style of making the piano in the Southern Song Dynasty. The main material for making the piano in Song Dynasty is the bottom of tung-faced catalpa or pine-faced bottom. Broken lines include snake belly, ice lines, running water and little cow hair. The gray tires are mainly antler ash, and some people use flax as the base, but rarely. Babel ash was also used in the late Northern Song Dynasty (that is, gold, silver, pearls and emerald corals were crushed and mixed with antler ash). The Song Dynasty is an important stage in the history of piano-making after the Tang Dynasty. The government even set up a special bureau to make piano, which is called "official piano".
Ming and Qing dynasties
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were many schools and a large number of piano scores were printed. The first existing subtraction score, Magic Secret Score, has preserved many ancient songs. From Baidu Encyclopedia