Buluotuo of Zhuang nationality
Ask Buluotuo, ask Mlliujia.
Buluotuo said, "Mluga" means
-from Buluotuo's poem
First, the historical background of Buluotuo cultural site in Ganzhuang Mountain
Tian Yang is located in the west of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, in the middle reaches of Youjiang River. In Tianyang, there are many ancient cultural sites, including the world's earliest Laikui ancient human site, Changsheling ancient cultural site, Ganlaidong ancient cultural site, Boluo ancient cultural site, Songtao kiln site, ancient kiln site, Batongya stone carving and so on. The unearthed cultural relics mainly include Jing 'an bronze drum, agricultural bean stone shovel, arched stone ge, arched sarcophagus, and ancient artifacts collected in Panzang kiln. In 2002, the authoritative American magazine Science published a scientific research achievement in the form of cover and commentary: the geological age of the ancient human site in Youjiang Basin, Guangxi, China was 803,000 years ago, which was determined by Chinese and American scholars by argon-argon method, and it is one of the earliest known ancient human sites in the world.
Ganzhuang Mountain in the middle zone of Youjiang Basin in Tian Yang is 326.7 meters above sea level, with a relative height of 198.9 meters and a total area of 1700 mu. There are many touching legends in the majestic mountains. According to legend, in the Ming Dynasty, there was a geography teacher named Guo Ziru in Jiangxi, who studied Yin and Yang gossip all his life and was fond of exploring geomantic treasures. In his later years, he took several disciples from Jiangxi along "Long Mai" to Yunnan to explore Feng Shui, and then from Yunnan along "Long Mai" to Guangxi. When Guo Ziru and his disciples climbed Mount Daer, after repeated investigations, they finally determined that the "dragon head" he was looking for was in Mount Daer. Guo Ziru was very excited to find the "dragon head". He took out his pen and ink, wrote "Chun Xiaoyan" in three big characters on the rock wall of Ganzhuang Mountain, and wrote a couplet: beginning of spring got up to urge Yan, Xiaofeng moved to show flowers, but her partner Yingying wept. On that day, Guo Ziru said to his disciples on Ganzhuang Mountain: Ganzhuang Mountain faces south, with thousands of miles in the north and hundreds of miles in the south, with a green dragon on the left, a white tiger on the right and a Youjiang in the distance. Feng Shui books say that "a thousand miles of happiness" and "a thousand horses in a hall, a thousand years of wealth" exist. Geographically, Ganzhuang Mountain is the moon, and the surrounding slopes are stars, forming a good feng shui of "stars holding the moon". Since ancient times, there have been immortals in famous mountains and rivers, and there must be extremely unusual immortals living in Ganzhuang Mountain. After a pause, Guo Ziru went on to say: Who can bury the bones here for Luoyue? His grandson wants to be an "emperor" and his granddaughter wants to "marry the royal family", which is really expensive! Guo Ziru climbed Ganzhuang Mountain and died soon after. It is said that before he died, he said this to his disciples: I can finally find Luo Yue's "dragon head" in this life, and I will die with my eyes closed.
Guo Ziru's assertion is strikingly similar to local legends. According to local legend, a night long ago, Ganzhuang Mountain emitted a strong light, which instantly lit up the sky, Youjiang Basin and Zhuang Township, and a baby was born, that is Buluotuo. According to legend, Buluotuo is a descendant of Luoyue God. When he grew up, he was superior in wisdom, strength and respect, and became the founder of Zhuang nationality. Buluotuo married a beautiful woman nearby, named Mu, and later became the mother of Zhuang nationality.
Many experts and scholars believe that the emergence of Buluotuo is related to the Neolithic Age and the period when mankind began to enter patriarchal clan system, because many legends about Buluotuo are related to the Neolithic Age, such as Buluotuo's creation of exquisite stone hoes, plows, axes, shovels and knives. The invention of the Neolithic Age marked the transition from cave dwelling to folk houses, from hunting and picking wild fruits to making a living, and then to developing rice culture. In the legend of Buluotuo, there are many such shadows, such as Buluotuo building houses, bridges and rice seeds. In addition, Buluotuo is a man and enjoys a lofty position among the ancestors of Zhuang nationality, which shows that Buluotuo lived in the patriarchal clan system.
Second, the discovery and identification process of Buluotuo cultural site in Ganzhuang Mountain
The discovery of Buluotuo cultural site in Ganzhuang Mountain has a long history and has a far-reaching influence on Tian Yang. According to written records, as early as the Tang Dynasty, Ganzhuang Mountain had formed a song fair; There is no written record. Judging from the collected data, Ganzhuang Mountain was formed much earlier than the Sui Dynasty. It kept pace with the lion dance in Tian Yang, and it was during the Qin and Han Dynasties that the Song Fair began to take shape. The formation of Ganzhuang folk song club is not accidental, nor is it determined by other forms. It has something to do with the commemoration of Buluotuo. At first, the formation of Xiao Chunyan Gewei was due to Buluotuo's descendants returning from all over the country to the place where Buluotuo lived, that is, Ganzhuang Mountain, to celebrate Buluotuo's birthday, and then everyone expressed their nostalgia for Buluotuo and his ancestors in the form of singing, so the Gewei was formed.
From 1983 to 1989, through the integration of three sets of folk music, dance and literature and the national cultural relics survey, it is found that there are a large number of ancient music, ancient dance, folk tales and legends, Buluotuo folk songs, Buluotuo Tianzhou ballads, Don Juan and Buluotuo classic poems in Tian Yang. 1March, 986, the first classic collection of Buluotuo poems in Tianyang County was discovered in Lingtun, Huazhangba Village, Yufeng Town. This is an ancient manuscript that has been hidden for more than 300 years. The collector was the old Roman, and later collected 2 1 volume one after another. Therefore, this area is protected as a systematic historical relic, and Tianyang County People's Government lists it as a county-level cultural relics protection unit.
In 2002, national and provincial authoritative experts and scholars came to Tian Yang for inspection and certification, and proposed that Ganzhuang Mountain in Tian Yang is an important memorial place for Buluotuo, the legendary founder of Zhuang nationality, including experts and scholars such as China Academy of Social Sciences, Minzu University of China, Guangxi Zhuang Society, Guangxi Museum and Nanning International Folk Song Art Research Institute. After repeated research, they came to the conclusion that Buluotuo is the humanistic ancestor of the aborigines in the Pearl River Basin, and Ganzhuang Mountain is a sacred place to commemorate the humanistic ancestor of the aborigines in the Pearl River Basin, and it is a decoration.
Third, the main basis for the identification of Buluotuo cultural site in Ganzhuang Mountain
(1) Ganzhuang Mountain is a cultural site of Buluotuo, which is recorded in the Poems of Buluotuo. Tianzhou Town in Tianyang County has been called "Zhuang 'an" since ancient times. Located at the intersection of east, west, north and south of Youjiang River Basin, it is also the political, economic and cultural center in history and the oldest and largest market in western Guangxi, so Zhuang 'an is also called An Wei, which has been used by the people ever since. According to the Book of Songs, "Father-in-law's state capital is in Anton" means that Father-in-law Buluotuo's home is in the east of An Wei and Ganzhuang Mountain is in the east of An Wei. Ganzhuang Mountain, the legendary birthplace of Buluotuo, runs east and west. There are many caves and springs on the mountain, which have the basic conditions for ancient people to live, and Naguantun is located at the foot of Ganzhuang Mountain, which fully conforms to the poem "My father-in-law's family is in the cave and my father-in-law village is at the foot of the stone mountain". Buluotuo lived in the late Neolithic period and entered the farming period, while Ganzhuang Mountain was located in front of the mountain, with slopes on the east, south and west, and rich stream water sources for irrigation, which had the geographical environment conditions for ancient human production and life in this period.
(2) Buluotuo's settlement in Ganzhuang Mountain conforms to the development law of ancient human sites. Tianyang County, located in the center of Youjiang Valley, was the birthplace of ancient human beings in Youjiang 800,000 years ago. According to archaeological investigation, there is an ancient human site of 800,000 years ago in Tianyang County, and many cultural relics have been unearthed. Due to the special geographical location of Ganzhuang Mountain, there are eight ancient sites or stone tools from Paleolithic to Neolithic in the east, south and west of Ganzhuang Mountain. Accordingly, in the Buluotuo era, Ganzhuangshan was an area with frequent human activities in ancient times. Buluotuo's settlement in Ganzhuang Mountain, at the junction of slopes, conforms to the law of ancient human history in Youjiang.
(3) The village names around Ganzhuang Mountain are living fossils of Buluotuo cultural sites. First of all, it is reflected in Ganzhuang Mountain itself. The names of caves on the mountain are all related to Buluotuo and Muliujia. Secondly, the village names, village names and mountain names around Ganzhuang Mountain are also branded with Buluotuo, all of which begin with "that". In Zhuang language, "that" means "heaven". When Buluotuo went down the mountain, he saw the hardships of his children and grandchildren carrying water to the fields, so he diverted water from Ganzhuang Mountain for irrigation. In order to impress his son Sun Yong with his kindness, he named the village with "Na" as a sign.
(4) Abundant cultural remains of Buluotuo are important historical documents to confirm the site. The great creation epic Poem of Buluotuo, Buluotuo folk narrative folk songs, Buluotuo folk stories and legends, Buluotuo ancient music, ancient dance and Xu Ge are especially rich in Tian Yang. The stone pillars of Ganzhuang Cave are engraved with frog patterns (ancient Zhuang totem) and the stones in the cave are engraved with thunder patterns (ancient Zhuang totem), which all reflect that Ganzhuang Cave was once the home of Zhuang ancestors.
(5) Ganzhuang Folk Song Club is the earliest and largest song club in Guangxi, which is closely related to the myth of Buluotuo, and there are many cultural contents of Buluotuo among the people. The atmosphere of sacrifice in Ganzhuang Mountain is strong, and the scene of offering sacrifices to ancestors with incense is unique, so it is solemn and magnificent every year.
(6) ancestral hall. Buluotuo Temple, the ancestral temple, was built in the Tang and Song Dynasties and rebuilt by Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. It was burnt down by the White Army during the Great Revolution of the last century, and then rebuilt. 1958 was demolished again. It is the material evidence that Zhuang compatriots in Tian Yang and surrounding counties agree with Buluotuo cultural site in Ganzhuang Mountain.
Ganzhuang Mountain is the holy land of Buluotuo, the ancestor of Zhuang people, the base for displaying the original culture of Zhuang people with Buluotuo culture as the core, and the garden for exploring the origin of civilization in the Pearl River Basin. Cultural Tianyang
Buluotuo is the ancestor god worshipped by Zhuang people, and his achievements are mainly to create heaven and earth, create everything, arrange order and formulate ethics. Buluotuo's creation epic describes the difficult process of Buluotuo's creation of heaven and earth, creation of everything, arrangement of order and formulation of ethics. Songs praising Buluotuo's creative achievements are sincere praises of his great achievements by his descendants.
Ganzhuang Mountain is the legendary habitat of Buluotuo. Because of people's devotion to Buluotuo, it has become a cultural shrine for people to sacrifice their ancestors Buluotuo and place their faint feelings. Due to the continuation of worship and sacrifice activities, over time, it has become a song club where people gather to sing and a spiritual home for people. At the same time, it has become the cradle of Buluotuo's creation epic and Buluotuo culture, and the inheritance place of Buluotuo's creation epic and Buluotuo culture. Ancestor Buluotuo (information source of works)-Buluotuo's creation epic (oral literature works)-Ganzhuangshan (works dissemination field)-Ganzhuangshan Song Club (works dissemination activities), these four elements * * * isomorphically form a unique Buluotuo culture including religious belief, oral literature and folk activities.
Buluotuo's creation epic and songs praising Buluotuo's creation achievements can be said to be an encyclopedia of the original form of Zhuang ancestors, which preserved their naive understanding of the objective world and natural environment, and the history of the struggle between Zhuang ancestors and nature, which condensed the wisdom and experience accumulated by Zhuang ancestors for thousands of years of production and life. These are precious materials of literature, philosophy, linguistics or history, ethnology, folklore and religion.
The concern about Buluotuo's creation of epics and songs praising Buluotuo's creation achievements began in the 1960s. The collection, arrangement, transliteration and Chinese translation of Buluotuo's epic poems and songs praising his achievements have been officially started since 1980s, and are still continuing today. However, until now, the research on Buluotuo's epic, ballads praising Buluotuo's creative achievements and related folk activities can only be said to have just begun. Therefore, whether it is the collection of information about Buluotuo's creation of epics and ballads praising Buluotuo's creation achievements and related folk activities, or the scientific research on Buluotuo's creation of epics and ballads praising Buluotuo's creation achievements and related folk activities, there is still a lot of room for activities.