Ancient names can reflect filial piety
Introduction: People in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties valued filial piety most, so many people’s names are related to filial piety. Let us find out together!
The names of ancient people include first names and characters, which contain rich cultural information. Judging from the various historical records about the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties that can be seen now, it is relatively common for people to name names after "xiao". "Xiao" even became the first choice for people to name Jiashan at that time. It It shows that in the troubled times of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the concept of filial piety was deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and the tradition of filial piety was not lost and flourished. In the history of filial piety culture in ancient China, the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties also occupied a very important and unique position.
1. The word "filial piety" is the first choice for people to ask for a good name.
In a certain sense, Chinese culture is an ethical culture. Ethics and morals rooted in patriarchal society strongly and persistently influence people's social psychology. The ethical concept and its theoretical form based on maintaining the blood ties of social members constitute the core of the Chinese cultural and ideological system. This characteristic of Chinese culture is fully reflected in names.
?Filial piety? is a traditional virtue of the Chinese nation. The word "filial piety" was first seen in the oracle bone inscriptions of the Yin Shang Dynasty more than 3,000 years ago. The word "filial piety" in the oracle bone inscriptions looks like a child supporting an old man, which depicts the natural affection of human beings. "Er Ya Shi Xun" says: "Good parents are filial piety". Xu Shen's "Shuowen Jiezi" of the Eastern Han Dynasty gave a vivid and accurate explanation of the word "filial piety": "One who does good things to one's parents." From the old province, from the son, and from the son to the old man. ?The so-called good parents refer to two aspects: material support and spiritual support. These cultural connotations of filial piety are displayed through various ideological or material forms. The names of people in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties strongly express people's admiration for filial piety.
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, most people in the Northern Dynasties directly used the character "Xiao" in their names. "Book of Wei" records 30 people including Li Xiaobo, Cui Xiaozhi, Cui Xiaozheng, Cui Xiaozhong, Yang Xiaoyong, Wang Xiaokang, Zhang Xiaozhi, and Pei Xiaocai. "Book of Northern Qi" records 15 famous people including Gao Xiaowan, Gao Xiaoyu, Gao Xiaoheng, Gao Xiaoguan, Gao Xiaoxu, Gao Sixiao, Dou Xiaojing and Guo Xiaoyi. "Book of Zhou" also records the famous people Cao Xiaoda, Yuwen Xiaobo, Pei Xiaoren and Xu Xiaojing. In the Southern Dynasty, the "Song Book" records the names of Yin Xiaozu and Lu Xiaobo, the "Nan Qi Book" records the names of Xu Xiaosi, the "Liang Book" records the names of Yu Xiaoqing and Li Xiaoqin, and the "Chen Book" records the names of Liu Xiaoshang, Zhao Xiaomu, Chen Xiaokuan, Zhang Xiaoze.
They all use the word filial piety. According to "Three Kingdoms", "Book of Jin", and "Shishuo Xinyu", some researchers compiled a "List of People Who Used Xiao as the Character during the Three Kingdoms Period". During the Three Kingdoms Period alone, there were 27 people who used "filial piety" as the character: such as Shengxian The names are Xiaozhang, Guo Xiu is Xiaoxian, Xiahou Zhan is Xiaoruo, Cao Ren is Zixiao, Mao Jie is Xiaoxian, Guo Jia is Fengxiao, etc. (See Liu Weihang's "Research on Ethics of the Three Kingdoms", Bashu Publishing House, 2002 edition, pp. 94-95 Page). In addition, "Book of Jin" also records: Hou Shiguang was given the courtesy name Xiaoming, Xiahou Chun was given the courtesy name Xiaochong, Ma Long was given the courtesy name Xiaoxing, Xiong Yuan was given the courtesy name Xiaowen, Wang Gong was given the courtesy name Xiaobo, Xuxian was given the courtesy name Xiaozong, and Gu He was given the courtesy name Junxiao. "Song Book" records: Xu Zhan's courtesy name is Xiaoyuan, and Liu Yuanjing's courtesy name is Xiaoren. The most typical names for the Liu Song Dynasty are the sons of Liu Jun, Emperor Xiaowu of the Song Dynasty. Emperor Xiaowu had 28 boys. According to the "Song Book", Liu Zishang, his second son, had the nickname Xiaoshi and his third son, Zi. The 16th son, including the character Xun and Xiaode, use the character "Xiao" to take the form. The "Book of Liang", "Book of Chen", "Book of Wei", "Book of Northern Qi", "Book of Zhou", etc. also record many characters with the character "filial piety".
In terms of naming and character selection alone, there have been some new characteristics and changes in the names of people in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, such as seeking honorable names, establishing characters to respect names, sinicizing names, and not disdainful vulgar names, etc. ( See Shi Yunsun's "Names of People in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties", "Journal of Wanxi College", Issue 3, 2003), and the word "filial piety" is the first choice for people to name Jiashan.
Because "filial piety" is one of the important categories of ethics and morality since ancient times, it is related to benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, trustworthiness, loyalty, virtue, integrity, respect, generosity, friendship, harmony, integrity, straightness, Ze, modesty, Yi, Virtues such as kindness, goodness, and literature are all good names that people seek, and filial piety is connected with these virtues, which enriches the connotation of filial piety. According to rough statistics, the word "filial piety" became the first choice and most used word for people to seek the name of Jiashan during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Precisely because filial piety has the meaning of respecting ancestors and teachers, in this period there were people named Yin Xiaozu, Li Xiaobo, Cui Xiaobo, Lu Xiaobo, Yuwen Xiaobo, and those with the names Xiaobo, Xiaoxian, Xiaoshi, and Xiaozong. Some people's names and characters are exactly the same, such as Liu Xiaochuo, Xiaochuo, and Ren Xiaogong, Xiaogong; some are known by their characters, such as Wei Shuyu, Xiaokuan. The Biography of Wei Xiaokuan in the Book of Zhou says that he "seldom lives by his characters." "Book of the Northern Qi Dynasty" records that Duan Shao was given the character Xiaoxian, and his younger brother Duan Xiaoyan should use the character. Zu Jue's younger brother Zu Xiaoyin, Zu Xiaoyin should also be followed by the character, or that is, establishing the character to respect the name.
2. The concept of filial piety is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people
The names of people in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties are closely related to the characteristics of the times, reflecting the deep roots of the concept of filial piety. This is a time when, as the "Preface to the Biography of Scholars in the Book of Wei" says, the universe is falling apart, evildoers are wreaking havoc, the living people are no longer able to see the face of an idiot, only traces of soldiers and horses can be seen in the capital of Guizhou, and all articles of ritual and music have been wiped out. era. However, even in this wave of spiritual loss that wiped out articles about rituals and music, people's admiration for Confucianism has not diminished. Therefore, "Book of Jin", "Book of Liang", "Book of Chen", and "Book of Wei" , "Book of Northern Qi", "Book of Zhou", "Southern History" and "Northern History" all have "The Scholars". Mr. Changru of the Tang Dynasty once pointed out that many famous scholars changed from Xuan Tong Shi and Li Xuan to both Confucianism and Buddhism, which became a common way of learning at that time ("Eminent Monks and Confucianism in the Southern Dynasties", see "Tang Changru Social and Cultural History Series", Wuhan University Press 2001 edition, page 196). Take the Three Kingdoms, for example, where many people used filial piety as the word. This was exactly the result of "ruling the world with filial piety" in the Han, Wei, and Jin Dynasties. Why did the Wei and Jin Dynasties rule the world with filial piety? Did they hear about it in later generations? Mr. Lu Xun once said: (Wei and Jin Dynasties) Why should we rule the world with filial piety? Because the throne of heaven came from the Zen position, that is, it was obtained by cleverness and plunder. If they advocated ruling the world with loyalty, they The foothold will be unstable, it will be difficult to do things, and it will be difficult to make arguments, so we must rule the world with filial piety? ("Ji Ji? The relationship between Wei and Jin style and articles, medicine and wine", People's Literature Publishing House, 1973 edition, page 93 ). "The Preface to the Biographies of Scholars in the Book of Northern Qi" says: "Although the system of Xiangxu has not been neglected, the way of elegance has suddenly become more serious." ?Looking at the names collected above, we can prove one or two of them. When Mr. Chen Yinke talked about the characters "Zhi", "Dao" and "Ling" in the names of people of the Six Dynasties, he believed that they were named after their beliefs ("The Relationship between Tianshi Dao and the Coastal Area", see "Chen Yinke's Collection"). ?Jinmingguan Series Preliminary Edition", Sanlian Bookstore 2001 edition, page 9). If we look at it this way, it is much more common for people in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to use the character "filial piety" in their names than "zhi", "dao", etc. It can be seen that the virtue of filial piety was widely accumulated in the social psychology, social awareness and social consciousness of the people at that time. Subconsciously, this is the ethical and moral meaning contained in a person's name.
3. Filial piety in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties occupies an important position in the history of Chinese culture
By examining the inclusion and selection of the word "filial piety" in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, we can get a glimpse of the filial piety in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties culture. The Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties were a period that wrote a unique page in the history of Chinese filial piety culture and created many firsts.
The first feudal emperor to use the character "Xiao" as his reign name was Liu Jun, Emperor Xiaowu of the Liu Song Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties. His reign name was "Xiao Jian" (454-456 years), and historically the character "Xiao" was used as his reign title. The era name basically appeared in this period. Later, the reign name of Emperor Xiaoming of the Northern Wei Dynasty was "Xiaochang" (525-527 years), and the reign name of Emperor Yuanhao of the Northern Wei Dynasty was "Xiaoji" (529 years).
The Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties started the historical trend of naming place names with the character "filial piety". There is a river in the west of Luoyang City in present-day Henan Province called Xiaoshui. Volume 16 of "Shui Jing Zhu" is called "Yu Suishui". It comes out of the shade of Mt. According to legend, the famous filial son Wang Xiang of the Western Jin Dynasty once lay on the ice here to fetch fish to honor his mother. Because of this, he changed his name to "Xiao Shui" and is commonly known as Wang Xiang River.
Pan Yue, a famous writer in Jin Dynasty, said in "Ode to the Western Expedition": "Bath in the filial piety water and then wash the tassel, this is where the beautiful name comes from." Among them, "Xiao Shui" refers to this river. Xiaogan, Hubei is known as the "hometown of filial sons". The legend of Dong Yong in the Eastern Han Dynasty who sold his body to bury his father and moved the seven fairies, "Huangxiang Wenfan Fan Xi" and Sun Wu and Mengzong's cry of bamboos and bamboo shoots, happened here. In the first year of Xiaojian (454), Emperor Xiaowu Liu Jun heard that there were many filial sons in Anlu County, and ordered land from Anlu County to be divided into "Xiaochang County" to praise the prosperity of filial piety here. After the Five Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty, Xiaochang was changed to "Xiaogan", which means that the feeling of filial piety moves the world. In order to reward the filial piety and filial conduct of the filial son, the imperial court changed his hometown to "Xiaoyi Li" and "Xiao Xingli". Records such as "Xiaoyi Li" and "Xiao Xingli" are frequently seen in the official history of this period. For example, "Xiaoyi Li" is found in "Song Shu Xiaoyi" "Jia En's Biography" and "Yu Qimin's Biography"; "Xiao Xingli" can be found in "Nan Qi Shu, Xiao Yi Biography, Wang Wenshu Biography".
The first biography of filial sons in official history also began in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Judging from the time when the historical books were written, the earliest "Biography of Xiaoyi" was written by Liang Chenyue in "Book of Song". Later, Liang Xiaozixian wrote "Book of Southern Qi" and also compiled "Biography of Xiaoyi", and Wei Shu in the Northern Qi Dynasty compiled "Book of Wei". It is named "Biography of Xiaogan". Among the official and private history books of the Tang Dynasty, "Book of Jin" has "Biography of Xiaoyou"; "Book of Southern History", "Book of Zhou" and "Book of Sui" all have "Biography of Xiaoyi"; "Book of Liang" has "Biography of Xiaogan"; "Book of Filial Piety", "Book of Chen" and "History of the North" established the "Biography of Xiaoxing". By reviewing the biographies of these filial sons and analyzing their filial deeds, we can clearly grasp the changes in the concept of filial piety in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Filial piety and death filial piety are still the two major aspects of filial piety. Take death filial piety as an example, the deeds of many filial sons in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties in terms of "die filial piety" are in line with the opinions of scholars since the Qing Dynasty. For example, Zhao Yi's "Twenty-Two Historical Notes" Volume 22 said: "People in the Six Dynasties valued the three rites most. However, Pi Xirui's "General Theory of Confucian Classics - Three Rites" bluntly stated: "The most important thing about ancient rituals is mourning clothes. People in the Six Dynasties were particularly good at this study, which will be unmatched by later generations."
Indeed, as the commentator said: The name contains ethical and moral connotations and does not determine the person's ethical and moral level. (He Xiaoming, "Names and Chinese Culture", People's Publishing House, 2001 Edition, p. 241 Page). Not all those who were named after the character "filial piety" became filial sons. However, if we look through historical records, we found that it was rare that people named the character "filial piety" were so concentrated and common as in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. The social fashion of maintaining filial piety. Yu Jiaxi, a recent scholar, once made a summary of filial piety in the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties. He said: Since the clouds in the Central Plains were disturbed, and the five horses floated to the south, although Wang Gang released the New York, the wind taught the barbarians, but the act of filial piety to the younger brother (tired) was the sole responsibility of the government and the public. important. ?Ethics are always maintained, and morality will never perish. Therefore, although the left side of the river was relatively peaceful and the Five Dynasties continued, it could still sustain itself for more than 270 years without being swallowed up by Hu Jie. As for the fall of Jing and Luo, the customs of the north were frightened, and Xianbei was captured, and Xia was also used to transform the barbarians. In the end, the sound of owl and owl leather will return to me and be transformed. ("Shishuo Xinyu Jianshu? Virtue First"? Jiaxi Case?, Zhonghua Book Company 1983 edition, page 51) Although this passage does not talk about the Three Kingdoms and the Western Jin Dynasty, it is used to understand the filial piety culture of the entire Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties Also appropriate.