China Naming Network - Auspicious day query - Radix Codonopsis, Radix Astragali, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Arillus Longan and Radix Rehmanniae Preparata. What are the functions of these traditional Chinese medicines?

Radix Codonopsis, Radix Astragali, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Arillus Longan and Radix Rehmanniae Preparata. What are the functions of these traditional Chinese medicines?

dangshen

This product is Radix Codonopsis of Campanulaceae, Radix Codonopsis or the dried root of Radix Codonopsis. (all three are

【 Ingredients 】 Codonopsis pilosula contains sugar, phosphate, saponin volatile oil and alkaloid. Taraxacum acetate, lignans, n-butyl allophanate, several phytosterols and their glycosides, three steroids and methyl palmitate have been isolated from Codonopsis pilosula. I (Danshensu I is isolated from the water-soluble components of Codonopsis pilosula produced in Shanxi, and polysaccharide, inulin, 17 amino acids and 14 inorganic elements (the content of K, Na, Ca and Mg is 1.36 × 10-6) above indicate that Codonopsis pilosula contains many kinds of essential for human body.

Codonopsis pilosula in party member

(British) Tangshen, the root of Fllase AsiabelI

Alias Codonopsis pilosula, Codonopsis pilosula, Codonopsis pilosula, Taiwan Province Ginseng, Xiancaogen and leafy vegetables.

From the root of codonopsis pilosula. )nannf。 Campanulaceae.

Herbaceous vine in plant form, with white milk and strong smell. The leaves are ovoid, 1 ~ 6.5 cm long and 0.5 ~ 5 cm wide, the apex is blunt or slightly sharp, the base is nearly heart-shaped, the edge has wavy blunt teeth, and both sides are sparse or densely covered. Flowers are solitary on the branches; Calyx adnate to the middle of the room, 5-lobed in the upper part; Corolla is bell-shaped, yellow-green, with purple spots inside, and the apex is 5-lobed; Stamens 5, filaments and anthers nearly equal in length, pistil stigma with white bristles. Capsule short conical. The flowering period is July-September, and the fruiting period is 9-65438+1October.

Born in the mountains and bushes. Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei, Henan, Inner Mongolia and Northeast China; Now it is planted in large quantities.

Excavation in autumn, repeated kneading and air drying.

Trait roots are long and cylindrical, sometimes branched in the middle and lower parts, with a length of 15 ~ 40 cm and a diameter of 0.6 ~ 5 cm. The surface is gray or grayish brown, with longitudinal grooves and sparse horizontal lenticels. The upper end is 5 ~ 10 cm, some parts have fine ring lines, and the roots have warty stem marks, commonly known as "lion's head", and the broken parts often have dark brown gelatinous substances. The texture is slightly hard, the cut surface is yellow and white, with many cracks, and the wood is light yellow. The breath is slightly fragrant and sweet.

The chemical constituents include III Atractylodes I and III, nicotinic acid, 5- hydroxy -2- methoxypyridine, dangshen acid, syringin, syringaldehyde, vanillic acid, phytosterol, triterpenes, monosaccharides and polysaccharides.

Sex and taste are plain and sweet.

Its main functions are invigorating the middle energizer, strengthening the spleen and promoting fluid production. Used for spleen and lung weakness, shortness of breath, palpitation, anorexia, loose stool, and limb weakness.

root of membranous milk vetch

astragalus

(Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch. )Bunge)

Astragalus membranaceus is a precious Chinese herbal medicine. According to the Pharmacopoeia, it has the effects of invigorating qi, consolidating exterior and diuresis. People also have the habit of eating Astragalus membranaceus as nourishing and strong food in winter. Therefore, the annual consumption of astragalus is very large. The medicinal part is the root. Once the root is shaved, the whole plant will no longer exist. In the case of large-scale exploitation, the wild resources of Astragalus membranaceus are increasingly scarce. Therefore, it is determined that this plant is a national third-class protected plant.

Astragalus membranaceus is a perennial herb with a plant height of about 1 m. Taproot diameter 1-2 cm, length 1 m above, directly inserted into deep soil. The aboveground stems are erect and angular; Hairy. Leaves alternate, odd pinnate, with 2 1-3 1 leaflets. The lobules are oval, 7-30mm long and 4-12mm wide, with rounded or slightly concave tips and rounded bases. Stipules lanceolate and 6 mm long. Racemes grow in leaf axils at the upper part of stems, and each inflorescence has 10-20 flowers. The flowers are pale yellow, with butterfly-shaped corolla, the flag petal is obovate, the top is slightly concave, and the wing petal is almost the same length as the keel petal. The ovary has a stalk, and the pod is enlarged after flowering, oblong, 2-3 cm long, with a short beak at the top, short hair outside the fruit and 3-8 seeds inside.

Astragalus membranaceus is produced in North China, Northeast China, Inner Mongolia and Northwest China, mainly in Shanxi, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Hebei and other provinces, but also in the former Soviet Union, North Korea and Mongolia. In order to protect wild resources, digging and digging should be properly restricted, and it is forbidden to dig seedlings after seeds mature and land. In order to expand resources, we should vigorously develop seedling planting or artificial sowing, and then keep it semi-wild until harvest.

Astragalus membranaceus is a leguminous plant and a commonly used Chinese medicine. Its main pharmacological effects are "invigorating qi and consolidating exterior", benefiting water, nourishing toxin and promoting granulation. What is "Yiqi"? Astragalus membranaceus can be used in any situation that Chinese medicine considers as "qi deficiency", "deficiency of both qi and blood" and "discomfort of middle qi". Usually weak constitution, easy to fatigue, often feel weak, often a manifestation of "qi deficiency." Anemia is often "deficiency of qi and blood". The symptoms of proctoptosis and uterine prolapse are often considered as "stagnation of middle qi". For people with the above symptoms, it is beneficial to eat some astragalus in winter. Of course, it is best to take it under the guidance of a doctor.

Some people are prone to catch a cold when the weather changes, which is called "duplicity" by Chinese medicine. Astragalus membranaceus can be used to consolidate exterior. Taking astragalus regularly can avoid catching a cold. There is a famous prescription in Chinese medicine called Yupingfeng Powder, which contains three kinds of medicines. The main medicine is Astragalus membranaceus, which can be used to treat common colds.

Because people are weak or older, lower limbs often have some edema. If it belongs to "qi deficiency", you can also take Astragalus regularly. People with chronic kidney disease may also have edema. Astragalus membranaceus is sometimes commonly used in Chinese medicine treatment.

The so-called "supporting poison and promoting granulation" means that the wound is easy to recover after operation, or the abscess is suppurated and promotes granulation for a long time.

Astragalus membranaceus should be taken under the guidance of a doctor according to different personal constitutions. There are many ways to eat astragalus. Here are some examples:

1, take about 30 grams of astragalus every day, and take it after decocting in water. Or decocted in water for future generations to drink tea. 30g of Astragalus membranaceus and 0g of Lycium barbarum15g are taken after decoction, which is better for people with weak qi and blood.

2, take about 50 grams of Astragalus membranaceus, after boiling soup, cook rice or porridge with fried soup, which becomes Astragalus membranaceus rice and Astragalus membranaceus porridge, which is also very beneficial.

3. Some people like to put some astragalus in barbecue, roast chicken and roast duck to increase the nourishing effect, and the effect is also good.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Latin name Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch. ) bangji

Chinese name huangqi

Latin surname of Leguminosae

Chinese name legume

Protection level 3

Be distributed

Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai and Xinjiang.

condition

Endangered species Also known as Astragalus membranaceus, which is mainly distributed in northern China, is a precious Chinese herbal medicine. Due to long-term excavation, the number of wild Astragalus membranaceus has decreased sharply in recent years, and it is in danger of extinction if protection and artificial reproduction are not strengthened.

morphological character

Perennial herb, 50- 150 cm high; The taproot is thick and long with a diameter of1-3 cm; Stems erect, ribbed and white villous. Odd pinnate compound leaves with villous leaf axis; Leaflets (13-1) 21-27 (31), ovoid to oblong-ovoid, 7-30mm long and 4-12mm wide, with obtuse or slightly concave apex and sometimes spiny base. Stipules narrowly lanceolate, ca. 6 mm long, white fluff. Racemes are born in upper leaf axils, with flowers (5- 1) 10-20, and pedicels are significantly elongated in fruit. The flowers are yellow or light yellow, long (12) 15- 18 mm, and the bracts are linear. Calyx bell-shaped, 5-7 mm long, white villous, short calyx teeth, triangle, long 1/5 or 1/4 calyx tube; Flag obovate, apex slightly concave, base almost claw-free; The wing flap is almost as long as the keel flap and slightly shorter than the flag flap, both of which have long claws; Ovary stipitate and pilose. The pod is swollen, ovoid, 2-3 (1-3.5) cm long, with a short beak at the top and a long handle at the base. Pericarp membranous, black pubescent, sometimes mixed with white hair or both, with 3-8 seeds.

characteristic

Astragalus membranaceus is distributed in temperate and warm temperate regions of China, and it is a deep-rooted plant. Like cool climate, it has strong drought resistance, cold resistance, heat resistance and waterlogging resistance. Too high temperature often inhibits plant growth, and too high soil humidity often leads to root rot. It is suitable for growing in deep, fertile, loose and well-drained sandy soil, but it grows slowly on clay. More common in forest edge, shrub, forest grassland, sparse forest and meadow. Flowering period (6) July-August, fruiting period (7) August-September.

Protect value

Astragalus membranaceus is used as medicine, which is often used as nourishing Chinese medicine and veterinary medicine, and its sales volume is very large. Rhizome 10 times water extract has inhibitory effect on potato late blight. Astragalus membranaceus also has the function of soil and water conservation.

protection measures

Generally speaking, the growing place of Astragalus membranaceus is not a nature reserve. In order not to make it extinct, it is suggested that the purchasing department of medicinal materials should determine the purchasing quantity according to different specific conditions in different places, and vigorously publicize it to the masses, pay attention to protecting seedlings during mining and excavation, and appropriately retain growing plants to facilitate reproduction and sustainable utilization. The planting area should be further expanded.

Key points of cultivation

Reproduce with seeds. Sowing in April-May in northern spring or 9-65438+1October in autumn, due to the hard and impermeable seed coat, proper mechanical damage should be carried out before sowing, and soil moisture should be maintained after sowing, and seeds can germinate in about 9 days at the temperature of 18-20℃. Drainage should be done in time when there is too much rain.

1 drug syndrome

Astragalus is used for sweating and edema. In synopsis of the golden chamber, the dosage of astragalus root, peony, cassia twig and bitter wine soup is the largest, with the dosage of 5 Liang, which is mainly used for "body swelling, fever, sweating, thirst, appearance like geomantic omen, sweat staining the skirt, and color like cypress juice". Feng shui is edema all over the body; Sweat can be stained on clothes, indicating that there is a large amount of sweat. The simplest prescription of Radix Astragali in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber is Ji Fang Huangqi Decoction, which has 6 flavors * * *, and is mainly used for "rheumatism with floating pulse, heavy body sweat and evil wind", while "Waitaimi Medicine" is mainly used for geomantic omen, "people or heads sweat, ... swelling and turbidity below the waist, and difficulty in flexion and extension", indicating that there are also cases of sweating and edema. In short, Astragalus membranaceus is mainly used to treat sweating and swelling.

The so-called sweating, spontaneous sweating is more common, that is, in the case of not taking sweating drugs or strenuous exercise, and the body temperature and room temperature are normal, sweating is more, and it may be accompanied by symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness, and colds. This symptom group is summarized as "qi deficiency and spontaneous sweating" in traditional Chinese medicine. Sweating is more serious, often the clothes are all wet, some can see the sweat stains turn yellow, and the upper body sweats significantly. Clinically, some patients do not complain about sweating, but through consultation, we can know that patients usually sweat more, and it is easy to sweat or wet their skin with a little physical activity.

Folk treatment of spontaneous sweating, commonly used Huangqi Jujube Decoction: Huangqi 15-30g, Jujube 15 tablets, decocted twice a day. You can also use Chinese patent medicine Huangqi oral liquid. Zhang Xichun treated a girl in Cangzhou who was in her twenties. When she moved, she had chest tightness, palpitations and spontaneous sweating. Her family bought a pack of astragalus in advance and fried it herself, which had better consequences. Postpartum hyperhidrosis, it is reported that Astragalus membranaceus 30g and Leonurus heterophyllus 30g are decocted twice a day. My experience is that Guizhi Decoction can be decocted with Radix Astragali 20g, Ramulus Cinnamomi 10g, Radix Paeoniae Alba 10g, Radix Glycyrrhizae 3g, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens 10g and Fructus Jujubae 10g.

The so-called swelling is mainly systemic edema, but it is obvious in the lower limbs. Due to the change of posture, there is edema in the face in the morning and edema in the lower limbs in the afternoon. Some people have no obvious edema, but their muscles are soft and fat, just like edema. Due to edema, patients often feel heavy, stiff joints and pain. According to Lu Dingpu's Cold Talk in Qing Dynasty, Wang suffered from swelling, from top to bottom, his stool was normally closed, he gasped, his stool was blocked and his life was dying. He sought medical treatment from Xu Shanlin in Haining. Xu Shi cooked a big bowl of porridge with raw astragalus 120g and glutinous rice 30g, and asked patients to take it frequently with spoons. After taking the medicine, asthma will be relieved, and then the whole body will be swollen and healed. Modern famous doctor Fan treated postpartum edema 1 case. His abdomen is as big as a drum, and then it gradually reaches his whole body. His skin won't glow when he presses it gently. The patient's breathing pulse is weak and critical. According to the above method, Fan decocted 30g of raw Astragalus membranaceus and boiled half a cup of glutinous rice to make porridge. The food was light, and the swelling went down on the 5th. According to legend, in the winter of 1920, Hu Shi suffered from diabetes, chronic nephritis complicated with heart disease and systemic edema, and died in Union Medical College Hospital. Later, he asked Lu Zhongan, a Chinese medicine practitioner, to treat himself with a large dose of Radix Astragali (65438+300g) and Radix Codonopsis. This shows that Astragalus membranaceus has the effect of detumescence.

2 application

Chronic kidney disease

Mr. Yue Meizhong, a modern famous doctor, was inspired by the experience of treating edema with Astragalus porridge in Cold Records, and created Astragalus porridge to treat chronic nephritis in children, which received good results. The prescription is: raw astragalus root 30g, raw coix seed 30g, adzuki bean 15g, chicken gizzard-membrane 9g, kumquat cake 2 and glutinous rice 30g. First, boil Radix Astragali with 600 ml of water for 20 minutes, and remove the residue. Then add Coicis Semen and Semen Phaseoli, and cook for 30 minutes. Then add chicken's gizzard-membrane and glutinous rice and cook it into porridge. Daily dose 1, take twice, and chew 1 kumquat cake after eating. This prescription has a high curative effect on chronic nephritis and residual edema of nephritis, and also has an effect on eliminating proteinuria. In fact, it is also effective to cook porridge with astragalus and glutinous rice alone. The method is as follows: astragalus 30-120g, glutinous rice 30-50g. First, decoct Radix Astragali, take juice, then add glutinous rice, and cook it into porridge, and eat it every day. Astragalus porridge is a traditional Chinese medicinal porridge, which was popular in Song Dynasty. Su Shi wrote a poem "Huangqi Boiling Porridge to Recommend Spring Cuisine", which shows that Su Shi has eaten Huangqi Porridge.

There are also folks who use astragalus to steam ducks to treat kidney disease. The method is: live duck 1 bird (about 1kg), 60g of astragalus. First, the ducks are slaughtered and cleaned, soaked in boiling water, and then fished out. Add Radix Astragali, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens, and Herba Alii Fistulosi to the belly, and add a small amount of Fructus Zanthoxyli. Add a little star water wine to the belly, sew it with cotton thread and steam it for 2 hours. Go to Huang Qi, eat meat and drink soup. A duck can be eaten in three days. It can be used as a therapeutic prescription for chronic kidney disease (general medicine 1999 No.4).

Clinically, I often use Yupingfeng powder combined with Zhenwu decoction to treat chronic kidney disease, and insist on taking it, which can improve renal function.

(2) Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases

① Hypertension: I often use Ji Fang Huangqi Decoction and Radix Puerariae to treat senile hypertension with edema of lower limbs, which has a good effect of eliminating edema and lowering blood pressure. Ji Fang Huangqi Decoction is a prescription in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber. My empirical dosage is: Astragalus membranaceus 30g, Atractylodes macrocephala 12g, Ji Fang 12g, Glycyrrhiza uralensis 3g, ginger 3 tablets, jujube 10 tablets, and Pueraria lobata 30g. If accompanied by hyperlipidemia, add 20g of Alisma orientale and 65440 of Chuanxiong.

② Ischemic heart disease: Radix Astragali is decocted in water for 3 times for 50g a day. 92 cases of ischemic heart disease were treated and compared with Xintongding and Danshen tablets respectively. The results showed that the curative effect of Astragalus membranaceus group was better. Not only the symptoms such as angina pectoris were obviously relieved, but also the clinical objective indexes such as electrocardiogram and impedance cardiogram were improved.

③ Cerebrovascular accident: Fan Shan, a famous doctor in modern Ningbo, used this prescription to treat stroke hemiplegia, and Astragalus membranaceus commonly used 60- 120g. He said: "Stroke is a disease. It is said that it belongs to fire, wind and phlegm, and treatment according to law is often ineffective. This is the extreme of qi deficiency, with many pulses and blood stasis. It is credible to use Wang Qingren Buyang Huanwu Decoction alone. Astragalus can be increased to four or two, and it is no harm to eat dozens of doses. " Buyanghuanwu Decoction is an experienced prescription of Wang Qingren, a famous doctor in Qing Dynasty. Consists of 60g of Radix Astragali, 6g of Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10g, Rhizoma Chuanxiong 10g, Radix Paeoniae Alba 10g, Semen Persicae 10g, 6g of Carthami Flos, and Pheretima 10g. Indications: Hemiplegia, mouth and eyes askew, poor speech, drooling, dry stool, frequent urination and enuresis. Modern medicine is used to treat cerebral infarction, cerebral thrombosis and diabetes. And has good curative effect.

(3) Diabetes

For diabetic patients with edema and yellow complexion, I often use Ji Fang Huangqi Decoction and Pueraria lobata. For patients with lower extremity ulcer or deep thrombosis caused by diabetes, 60g of raw Astragalus membranaceus is used together with 30g of Radix Puerariae, 30g of Achyranthis Radix, 30g of Dendrobium, 30g of Radix Paeoniae Rubra and 20g of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae.

(4) Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and postoperative treatment of tumor.

Patients with anemia, edema, loss of appetite, easy sweating and colds are often the indications for using Astragalus. Huangqi Jianzhong Decoction and Shiquan Dabu Decoction are commonly used in clinic. I have treated 1 patient with multiple myeloma, and the main symptoms are hyperhidrosis, bad wind and high fever. After taking Zhenwu decoction for 1 week, the aversion to sweat decreased obviously. After 1 year treatment, the condition was stable and almost no fever appeared. Shiquan Dabu decoction is a common physical strength enhancer after tumor, which is widely used in Japan. It consists of Radix Astragali 15g, Cortex Cinnamomi 3g, Ginseng 5g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 10g, Poria cocos 12g, Glycyrrhrizae Radix 3g, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 6g, Rhizoma Chuanxiong 6g, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata 12g, Radix Paeoniae Alba 10g, and is decocted in water for 2-3 times a day. Traditionally, there are pills and ointments in China and granules in Japan, mainly for the convenience of long-term administration.

(5) Chronic rhinitis

Commonly used Yupingfeng powder: Astragalus membranaceus 15g, Atractylodes macrocephala 12g, Saposhnikovia divaricata 10g. Indications: spontaneous sweating due to qi deficiency is easy to catch a cold. Allergic rhinitis, hay fever, asthma, and colds in the elderly are often used. 3 slices of ginger and 10 red dates can be added to the recipe.

(6) Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis, lumbar spondylosis, cervical spondylosis, anemia, etc. , accompanied by joint pain, numbness, spontaneous sweating and other symptoms, can be treated with Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction. Composition: Radix Astragali 30g, Ramulus Cinnamomi 10g, Radix Paeoniae Alba 15g, 3 pieces of ginger, and 0/2 pieces of red dates/kloc-0. Licorice is not allowed in this prescription. At that time, Fan treated the numbness of limbs for the wife of doctor Shen. She used to eat Guizhi soup, but it didn't work. Fan used the original prescription of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction, and two doses were effective. Guizhi Decoction and Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction are only different from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch and Huangqi Radix, but their functions are quite different (see Wei Changchun's clinical experience set).

(7) Ulcers that cannot heal for a long time

Astragalus membranaceus is a traditional medicine for sores, which has the function of promoting granulation, and is especially suitable for "chronic ulcer", that is, purulent infection with chronic ulcer. Its manifestations are clear pus, flat wound and poor general condition. Mr. Zhao Bingnan, a famous doctor of modern Chinese medicine surgery, has a prescription of Huangqi ointment, which is decocted with Huangqi water into ointment, added with the same amount of honey, and mixed well for later use.

Upper digestive tract ulcers, such as gastric and duodenal ulcers, can be treated with Huangqi Jianzhong decoction. Composition: Radix Astragali 15g, Ramulus Cinnamomi 10g, Radix Paeoniae Alba 15g, Radix Glycyrrhizae 6g, 3 slices of ginger, 0/2 slices of jujube/Kloc-0, and maltose for oral administration. More suitable for chronic diseases, mild anemia, spontaneous sweating and night sweats, sweet food, and pale tongue. If you are thin, you should not use Astragalus in large quantities, otherwise it will lead to abdominal distension and loss of appetite.

3 reference

(l) When using Astragalus membranaceus, pay attention to the patient's physique: the physique of Astragalus membranaceus-yellow and white, yellow and red, or yellow and dark-lacks luster. A swollen appearance, disgraceful. Soft muscles and weak abdominal wall, like a cotton pillow, have no sense of resistance and pain. The author calls it "Huangqi abdomen". Usually easy to sweat, afraid of the wind, allergic to cold, or stuffy nose, cough, or cold. The stool is not formed, so it should be dried before turning. It is easy to edema, especially swollen feet and numbness of hands and feet. The tongue is light and fat, and the fur is wet.

(2) Middle-aged and elderly people have more opportunities to use Astragalus membranaceus: lack of exercise, malnutrition and aging can all lead to muscle weakness, especially abdominal muscle atrophy, fat accumulation and edema. This kind of person is the so-called "venerable person" in synopsis of the golden chamber. This figure is especially common among middle-aged and elderly people. Therefore, Astragalus membranaceus is widely used in middle-aged and elderly people.

(3) Astragalus membranaceus can only be effective if it is taken for a long time: Astragalus membranaceus is not used for typhoid fever, and four kinds of adverse reactions are rare in golden chamber, indicating that Astragalus membranaceus is used for internal injuries and miscellaneous diseases. According to Mr. Yue Meizhong's experience, "Astragalus membranaceus is effective for paralysis, numbness and muscle amputation of nervous system diseases, and it must be taken for one day from counting money to counting two for major diseases, and its effect is effective". Astragalus membranaceus is commonly used in the range of 10-30g, and the high dose can reach 10-30g or even more. I met Mr. Sun Lao, an old dermatologist in my hometown, who used Astragalus membranaceus to 500g g, but too much will lead to chest tightness, abdominal distension, loss of appetite, dizziness, hot flashes and so on. In particular, people with tight muscles and constipation should use it less or with caution. Fever and sweating, sore throat, not suitable for use.

(4) The dosage range of Astragalus membranaceus used by Zhang Zhongjing: Astragalus membranaceus is used to treat water vapor, yellow sweat and edema in a large amount (5 Liang), wind arthralgia and physical weakness in a moderate amount (3 Liang) and asthenia in a small amount (65,438+0.5). Modern application can be changed according to Zhang Zhongjing's medication experience. If used for treating edema, the dosage can reach 60-100g, and for treating hemiplegia, hyperosteogeny and pain, the dosage can reach 30-60g; Upper gastrointestinal ulcer, available 15-30g.

(5) The pulse condition of Huangqi syndrome is not specific. Ji Fang Huangqi Decoction is used for floating pulse, while Huangqi Shaoyao Guizhi Kujiu Decoction is mainly used for sinking pulse. Therefore, the use of Astragalus membranaceus, regardless of floating pulse or sinking pulse, depends on whether the body shape and muscles are soft or not.

Chuanxiong rhizome

Chuanxiong: Chuanxiong

English name: Chuanxiong

Chinese herbal medicine

This product is the dried rhizome of Chuanxiong. Umbelliferae. In summer, when the nodes on the stem are prominent and purple, the sediment is dug, dried in the sun, and then the fibrous roots are removed.

Characteristics this product is an irregular nodular fist-shaped mass with a diameter of 2 ~ 7 cm. The surface is yellow-brown, rough and dry, with many parallel raised knuckles, concave round stem marks on the top, and many nodule root marks on the lower side and knuckles. Solid quality? Gray stain? What do you suggest? Hey, hey? Scrape it open? Weft brake, what lung beer F? ? Hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, what school? ⒒?

distinguish

(1) Cross section of this product: cork layer is 10 multi-row cells. The cortex is narrow, the root vascular bundles are scattered, and the cambium is obvious. The phloem is wide, and the cambium is annular or irregular polygon. The xylem vessels are polygonal or quasi-circular, mostly single row or "V" shape, with occasional wood fiber bundles. The pulp is bigger. There are many oil chambers scattered in the parenchyma, which are round, oval or irregular, yellow-brown, and the oil chambers near the cambium are small and gradually expand outward; The parenchyma cells are rich in starch granules, and some parenchyma cells contain calcium oxalate crystals, which are round blocks or cluster crystals. The powder is yellowish brown or grayish brown. There are many starch granules, which are oval, oblong, quasi-round, oval or kidney-shaped, with a diameter of 5 ~ 16 micron and a length of about 2 1μm, and the umbilicus is punctate, long slit or herringbone. Occasionally it consists of 2 ~ 4 scores. Calcium oxalate crystals exist in parenchyma cells, which are round, massive or clustered crystals with a diameter of10 ~ 25μ m. Cork cells are dark yellow-brown, often multilayer, polygonal in surface and thin in wall. The oil chamber is mostly damaged, and occasionally oil chamber fragments can be seen. The secretory cell wall is thin and contains more oil droplets. The conduits are mainly threaded conduits, and there are also reticulated and stepped conduits with a diameter of14 ~ 50μ m. The threaded conduits are connected with each other with thick walls, similar to reticulated threaded conduits.

(2) Take 65438+0g of this product powder, add 5ml of petroleum ether (30 ~ 60℃), stand for 65438±00h, shake from time to time, stand, take 65438+0ml of supernatant, evaporate, add 65438+0ml of methanol to the residue to dissolve it, and then add 2% methanol solution of 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid.

(3) Take 65,438+0g of this product powder, add 20ml of ethanol, heat and reflux for 65,438+0h, filter, evaporate the filtrate, and add 2ml of ethyl acetate to the residue to dissolve it, which will be used as the test solution. In addition, take 65438 0 g of Chuanxiong, and prepare the control medicinal solution by the same method. According to the thin-layer chromatography test (Appendix ⅵ b), absorb the above two solutions 1 ~ 2μ l, respectively, and spot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, using n-hexane-ethyl acetate (9: 1) as the developing agent, unfold, take them out, dry them, and examine them under an ultraviolet lamp (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots with the same color appear at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal materials.

Check that the total ash content shall not exceed 6.0% (Appendix ⅸ k).

Processing to remove impurities, separating size, slightly soaking, cleaning, fully wetting, slicing and drying.

Sexual taste and pungent-warm meridian tropism. Hepatobiliary pericardium meridian

Indications: promoting blood circulation and qi circulation, expelling wind and relieving pain. Used for irregular menstruation, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, abdominal pain, chest and hypochondriac tingling, traumatic swelling and pain, headache and rheumatic joint pain.

Usage and dosage: 3 ~ 9g.

Store in a cool and dry place to prevent moths.

Chuanxiong rhizome

(1) Overview

Alias Xiong Lao.

Chuanxiong is a plant of Umbelliferae (Ligusticum chuanxiong. ). dispel wind and relieve pain, regulate qi and promote blood circulation, and expel pus from long meat. Treat headache, dizziness, qi stagnation, costal pain, joint pain, irregular menstruation and carbuncle pain. It is cultivated in Sichuan, Southwest China, Central South China, East China and North China.

(2) Botanical characteristics

Perennial herbs. Tubers are irregular lumps. The stem is erect, about 100 cm high, cylindrical, hollow and jointed, with relatively large nodes. Leaves alternate, with 2 ~ 3 pinnate compound leaves, dark green leaves, and a broad petiole supporting the stem at the base to form a sheath. White flowers, compound umbels, double hanging fruit oval.

(3) Growth characteristics

I like a mild, humid and sunny climate. No bright light and high temperature at seedling stage. The soil requires loose and fertile sandy soil with good drainage and rich humus. I don't want continuous cropping or waterlogging.

(4) Cultivation techniques

1. Land selection and preparation

Choose wasteland or paddy field with high drought in sunny, sunny or semi-sunny mountain areas. On sandy soil with fertile soil and good drainage, it is best to use corn (intercropping with corn in Shaanxi) and potato in previous crops. If you choose a new wasteland, remove weeds and roots on the ground as soon as possible and burn them as fertilizer to raise the ground temperature. Carry out deep ploughing for 20 cm and rake the boundary. Well-drained soil makes the boundary 250 ~ 300 cm wide and high; For the soil with poor drainage, make a high border with a width of 120 cm.

2. Breeding method

Chuanxiong. Use stem nodes (Xionglingzi) as seeds. After withering on the ground every year, dig out Chuanxiong and cut off the stem nodes above the roots. Each node has 1 ~ 2 buds, and the seed consumption per hectare is about 2250 kg. The big roots below are processed into commodities. The seedlings were planted before the panic next year. The depth of row planting ditch is 65,438+02 ~ 65,438+06 cm, and the row spacing is about 20 ~ 25cm×35cm. Plant 1 ~ 2 seedlings in each hole, with bud tips facing upwards and covered with 6 cm fine soil. The base fertilizer is 0/.5,000 ~ 22,500 kg per hectare/kloc-0.

3. Tian Tuan management

After planting, water the dry soil in time, keep the soil moist before emergence, and intertillage and weed in late April. Topdressing plant ash 2250 ~ 3000 kg/ha, decomposed cake fertilizer 750 ~ 1500 kg. Weed for the second time from late May to mid-June and for the third time in July. If Ligusticum chuanxiong is used as a seedling, the second and third weeding combined with soil piling at the base is beneficial to the expansion of stem nodes and the growth of seedlings. When Ligusticum chuanxiong blooms, some stems are cut off from the base of Ligusticum chuanxiong, and 5 ~ 6 stems are left in each cluster, which is beneficial to ventilation and light transmission, centralized nutrition and normal growth of Ligusticum chuanxiong. Plant, dig and plant in autumn. In the stubble field of early rice field, make a ridge with a width of 160 cm, with a width of 30 cm and a depth of 7-8 cm. In mid-August, it will be planted in sunny days, with a fork-shaped iron harrow with a row spacing of 25-30 cm, with a ditch depth of 5 cm, 8 Grifola umbellata with a spacing of 20 cm, and 2 Grifola umbellata at both ends of each row will be sealed once every 6-65433. Wheat and broad beans are often planted in furrows in the south, and seven kinds of corn are often planted in furrows in the north.

Winter management: Chuanxiong wilted, cut off the stems on the ground, weed and loosen the soil, and cover with a thin layer of soil to protect Chuanxiong from wintering. After turning green in the next spring, a thin layer of human and animal manure was applied in early March, and the fertilizer was sufficient.

4. Pest control

(1) black silkworm

Biting Chuanxiong seedlings makes them grow poorly.

Control method: Before planting, slightly soak Zi Ling with 0.5 kg of Baichong and 25 kg of water. In case of insect pests, the roots can be watered with 300 ~ 500 times of 25% DDT emulsion.

(2) powdery mildew

It is caused by ascomycetes and occurs in summer and autumn. Leaves are like white powder, and the boundaries are not obvious. It is a black spot in the later stage, and the leaves turn yellow in severe cases.

Prevention and control methods: clear the garden after harvest and eliminate pathogens. At the initial stage, spray 50% thiophanate 800 ~ 1000 times or 0.3 wave of meishi sulfur mixture for 7 ~ 10 days 1 times for 2-3 days.

(3) Starscream

See licorice disease.

(4) Stylosanthes chuanxiong

Also known as stinkbug, the early larvae harm the top of the stem, and then the worms drill into the stem from the top of the stem, endangering the whole plant step by step until they die.

Control method: spray 50% phoxim EC 1500 times at the initial stage, or mix 50% malathion and 40% dimethoate EC 800 times.

(5) harvesting and processing

Due to the different harvest seasons in different regions. Harvest from late May to early June of the second year after cutting in Sichuan. It was harvested in early August of the second year after planting in Beijing. After the overground part of Yunnan withered from June 5438+00 to June 5438+0 1 in the second year, the leaves were removed, the fibrous roots and soil were cut off, and Polygonum cuspidatum (Paeonia lactiflora) was kept as a seedling, which could not be exposed to the sun. Separate according to the size, bake or dry with slow fire, put in a bamboo raft after drying, and knock off rough skin, fibrous roots and soil. General 1.25 kg of fresh Ligusticum chuanxiong gets 0.5 kg of dry goods. There are two processing methods: peeling first and then boiling, and boiling first and then peeling. The former is commonly used because of its low loss and good quality. First, scrape off the root bark with a knife, bamboo or glass, and wash it with clean water in three stages: large, medium and small. Then pour each stage into boiling water for about 1- 1.5 minutes. When the color is slightly yellow and bright, and the root center is slightly yellow and white, take it out immediately and float it in cold water to cool it to prevent it from being overcooked and rotted. Or bend the root into a circle, which is suitable for uninterrupted. If there is not enough time, it can't be folded into a circle. After cooking, dry it a little, smoke it with sulfur overnight, then spread it on a drying table or hang it in the sun with a small rope and a piece of paper, or set up a shelf to dry it. In case of rainy days, the kang should be dried immediately, otherwise it will become discolored and moldy. Quality inspection of chuanxiong rhizome. It is qualified by its large and uniform size, solid quality, rich fragrance, high oil content, no bridge stem, no moth and no impurities. Packed with bamboo rafts, lined with straw mats, stored in a dry place, and smoked with sulfur in the first half of each year to prevent insects from eating.

Chuanxiong rhizome (herbal decoction)

Phonetic name Chuanxiong

English name: Chuanxiong

Famous Mountain Giant Qiong (Zuo Zhuan), Xiong Gu (Ben Jing), (Ben Cao), Hu Gu (Bielu), Xiong Gu (Tao Hongjing), Quenaoxiong (Ben Cao Tu Jing) and Guan.

The source is rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong in Umbelliferae.

Plant morphology of Ligusticum chuanxiong hort.

Perennial herbs. Underground stems are irregular nodular fist-shaped masses. The stem is upright, cylindrical and hollow with longitudinal grooves on the surface. Leaves alternate, with 2 ~ 3 odd pinnate compound leaves, 3 ~ 5 pairs of leaflets, and unevenly pinnately divided or deeply divided. Lobes are tapered at the top, both sides are hairless, and only veins are pubescent; The petiole is 9 ~ 17 cm long, with a sheath at the base and a stalk. The compound umbel is born at the top of the branch and is pilose; Involucre and bracteole linear; Flowers are small and white; Sepals 5, linear, pubescent; Petals 5, oval, with the whole top and a short sharp protrusion at the center, bent inward; Stamens 5, alternate with petals, anthers elliptic, 2-loculed, longitudinally divided, filaments soft and protruding from flowers.