Another name for Sanmenxia City? four words
Mother River
The Yellow River, the second largest river in China. It originates from the Yuegu Zonglie Basin at the northern foot of the Bayan Har Mountains in the Qinghai Plateau, winds eastward, crosses the Loess Plateau and the Huanghuaihai Plain, and flows into the Bohai Sea. The main stream has a total length of 5,464 kilometers and a water surface drop of 4,480 meters. The total basin area is 795,000 square kilometers (including the inner flow area of 42,000 square kilometers).
The Yellow River is not only a long-standing and magnificent natural river, but also a mother river that nurtures the splendid civilization of the Chinese nation. The word mother itself contains rich humanistic connotations. Therefore, for the development of the Yellow River tourist area, natural resources and human resources should be considered together, and the perfect combination of the two should be achieved as much as possible. Only in this way can our Kaifeng Yellow River tourist area show its personality and unique charm.
Why is the Yellow River the mother river?
As early as ancient times, the primitive ancestors in China lived, struggled and multiplied in the Yellow River Basin. In the Yellow River Basin, which is thousands of miles away, the ancestors settled here because of the mild climate and superior hydrological conditions, which are conducive to the growth of crops. In the initial stage of Chinese civilization, the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties, as well as the later Western Han, Eastern Han, Sui, Tang, and Northern Song Dynasties, were several powerful unified dynasties. Their core areas were also in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River; many ancient classics reflect the wisdom of the Chinese nation. Cultural works were also produced in this area; science and technology, inventions, urban construction, literature and art that marked ancient civilization were also produced here. Therefore, the Yellow River gave birth to Chinese civilization, and the Yellow River nurtured the Chinese people. People often say that the Yellow River is the cradle of the Chinese nation and the mother river of the Chinese nation. This is its significance.
The water quality of the Yellow River has three major characteristics. First, there is less water and more sediment; second, the spatial and temporal distribution of water resources is uneven, that is, the runoff areas are unevenly distributed, and runoff varies greatly within and between years; third, water and sediment come from different sources. . The sources of water and sediment in the Yellow River vary from region to region. Soil erosion refers to the damage and loss of water and soil resources and land productivity caused by external forces such as water, gravity, and wind.
In Chinese history, people not only considered the Yellow River a blessing, but also considered it a curse. Therefore, the Yellow River has two aliases: China's pride and China's pain. In historical records, this information first appeared in 602, until now. The area the river passes through has undergone five major changes in direction. The current flow of the Yellow River resulted from the last change in 1897.
The yellow color of the Yellow River is caused by the sediment in the river. Silt accumulation over the past hundreds of years has caused the river to flow over the surrounding farmland. Therefore, flooding is a big problem for residents. There are many examples in history of villages being destroyed by floods.
In the history of China, the Yellow River has had a great impact on the residents on both sides of the river, with both benefits and disadvantages. But in any case, the Yellow River has always nurtured many Chinese people, so the Chinese also call the Yellow River the "Mother River".
In-depth coal mining, gravel and dust in the quarrying process, urban wastewater and sewage, severe soil erosion... all of these threaten our mother river. If comprehensive management is not carried out in time, it will inevitably It affects the industrial and economic development and people's health in the areas along the Yellow River and even across the country. "Xie Kechang, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and president of Taiyuan University of Technology, looked worried when talking about this issue.
The Yellow River is the mother river of the Chinese nation and the cradle of Chinese civilization. "In the past 20 years, Affected by industrial development and urbanization, the Yellow River is suffering unprecedented damage. "Commissioner Xie Kechang told reporters that through field inspections of more than 700 kilometers in more than a dozen counties in four cities in Shanxi along the Yellow River, it was found that the protection of the Yellow River water resources is currently facing several major challenges:
The impact of deep coal mining on The water resources of the Yellow River are seriously polluted. According to estimates, 2 to 4 cubic meters of groundwater are lost when mining one ton of coal. The Shanxi basin of the Yellow River produces 140 million tons of coal annually, and at least 280 million cubic meters of mine water is discharged into the Yellow River every year. The water in these mines contains many complex material components, including heavy metals and radioactive ions, which have seriously polluted the water source of the Yellow River.
Various tailings of unknown responsibility pose a threat to the water resources of the Yellow River. "Who. "Who will control the pollution?" is the responsibility of enterprises for their pollution. However, once these enterprises go bankrupt or close, it will be difficult to solve the problem of who will be responsible for the subsequent environmental pollution control.
Mining along the main stream of the Yellow River Stone spots are densely covered, and gravel and dust from the quarrying process directly pollute the water resources of the Yellow River.
Urban wastewater and sewage along the Yellow River and its tributaries directly pollute the Yellow River water resources.
Soil erosion causes physical pollution of the Yellow River water resources. At the same time, chemical fertilizers and pesticide residues used in agricultural production flow with the water, further aggravating the pollution of the Yellow River water resources.
In view of the above situation, through reasonable planning and integration of coal resources along the Yellow River, we can increase the recovery rate, control the total amount of mining, and control the mine water to meet the discharge standards; adhere to the principle of "prevention first", Effectively implement the governance measures of "whoever pollutes it"; delineate reasonable quarrying and ash-burning areas as soon as possible to change the current situation of scattered quarrying and ash-burning management; make unified arrangements for urban sewage treatment in the Yellow River Basin in phases as soon as possible; speed up We will increase efforts to control water and soil erosion, and implement comprehensive management projects focusing on the construction of dam systems in places where conditions permit; we will accelerate the construction of the "Digital Yellow River" to provide an information sharing platform for the detection, prevention and control of water resource pollution in the Yellow River.
Experience the Yellow River
The second largest river in China. There are three sources in the upper reaches: Xiyuan Maqu, also known as the Yuegu Zongli Canal, originating from Yala in the middle of the Bayan Har Mountains The southwestern edge of the Yuegu Zonglie Basin at the eastern foot of Daze Mountain; the central source, Kariqu, also known as Kala Canal, originates from the northern foot of Gezigeya Mountain in the middle of the Bayan Har Mountains; the southern source, Duoqu, originates from Bayan Har. Near the Riji Mountain at the northern foot of the Yankala Mountains. Among these three source streams, Maqu has been said to be the true source of the Yellow River for more than 200 years. According to the principle of "the source of the river is only far away", among the three source streams, Ka Ri The longest song (190.1 kilometers), it is 18.6 kilometers longer than Maqu (171.5 kilometers). Therefore, there are also advocates of using Kaliqu as the true source of the Yellow River. The Ministry of Water Resources of China and the Yellow River Water Conservancy Commission still regard Maqu as the true source of the Yellow River. . Starting from Maqu in Qinghai Province as the source, it flows eastward through Sichuan Province, Gansu Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Shaanxi Province, Shanxi Province, Henan Province, etc., and flows into the Bohai Sea in Kenli County, Shandong Province. The total length is 5,464 kilometers. , with a basin area of 752,400 square kilometers.
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Listen to the Yellow River
Give love
The Yellow River has been deeply loved by mankind How should the rivers affected and disturbed be managed in the future in order to ensure the sustainable development of the regional economy and society, and to ensure that this ancient and great river continues to thrive and benefit the people? This is an issue worth pondering and that needs to be solved urgently. A major issue, it is also an important part of formulating the national mid- and long-term science and technology development plan.
___ There are three core problems in the future management of the Yellow River: First, how to handle and utilize the huge amount of sediment in the Yellow River, which is difficult to control. The crux of the problem is that it is not only related to the flood control safety of the Yellow River, but also related to the control of soil erosion and the development and utilization of water resources. The second is based on the changes in the Yellow River water resources, how to rationally allocate them to effectively solve the sustainable development of the national economy and society, and There is a need for water resources to maintain the life of the river. The third is how to protect and improve the ecological environment of the Yellow River. The key to solving these three problems is: rational allocation, efficient utilization, effective protection, and increasing water and reducing sediment.
Member Zhu Peiling: Control pollution and save the Yellow River
The Yellow River is the cradle of the Chinese nation and the pride of the Chinese people. Over the past five thousand years, it has achieved one historical civilization after another. However, in recent years, the pollution of the Yellow River has intensified and has exceeded the carrying capacity of the Yellow River water environment. At present, the water quality of nearly 40% of the main reaches of the Yellow River is worse than Category 5, and the water body function has basically been lost. The annual economic losses caused by pollution in the Yellow River Basin are as high as 11.5 billion to 15.6 billion yuan.
The "Mother River" is not abundant in water, but with limited water resources accounting for 2.4% of the country's river runoff, it nourishes 12% of the country's population and irrigates 15% of the cultivated land. In recent years, with economic development, the wastewater discharge in the Yellow River Basin has doubled compared with the 1980s, reaching 4.4 billion cubic meters. Pollution incidents have continued to occur. The water quality of almost all tributaries in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River has been in worse than Category 5 status all year round. Become a "sewage ditch". The pollution of the Yellow River is shocking.
The Yellow River is responsible for the daily water supply of urban residents in more than 50 large and medium-sized cities and 420 counties along the Yellow River. Yellow River pollution poses a huge threat to the water supply safety of urban residents. In 2003, the Yellow River experienced the most severe pollution ever recorded, and the water stored in the Sanmenxia Reservoir became a "reservoir of sewage."
Lanzhou, Yinchuan, Baotou, Xinxiang, and Kaifeng are suffering from water pollution. In many places in the countryside, water from the Yellow River was used to irrigate the fields, resulting in reduced crop yields and burning of crops.
The Yellow River Water Plant in Shizuishan City, Ningxia mainly supplies drinking water to some urban residents by treating Yellow River water. However, since 2001, the water quality of the Yellow River has declined sharply, making it increasingly difficult for water treatment plants to treat it. The content of ammonia nitrogen and volatile phenol in the water was too high, which consumed a large amount of chlorine used for sterilization. The water plant had to increase the amount of chlorine added from the original 0.15 mg per liter of water to about 4 mg for clarification and treatment. Organic medicines are also increasing exponentially. The water plant was forced to stop processing several times last year and this spring.
Industrial pollution has been the “culprit” of water pollution in the Yellow River for many years. From Qinghai, through Gansu, Ningxia, and to Inner Mongolia, highly polluting industrial enterprises such as energy, heavy chemicals, nonferrous metals, and papermaking are located along the Yellow River, producing large amounts of pollutants. "Agricultural pollution" caused by domestic sewage and excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is also currently showing an increasing trend. At the same time, some municipal solid waste along the Yellow River has aggravated pollution.
Gansu Baiyin Nonferrous Metals Company is the largest wastewater discharge source in the Baiyin section of the Yellow River. Most heavy metal pollutants come from smelters affiliated with silver companies. As an old enterprise in copper smelting in my country, the smelter has been in operation for more than 40 years. The Gansu Provincial Environmental Protection Department and the Gansu Provincial Economic and Trade Commission have twice decided to rectify the factory within a time limit. In 2002, the State Environmental Protection Administration and the former State Economic and Trade Commission once again set a deadline for rectification, requiring that emissions must meet emission standards by 2005. At present, there is still no substantial progress in the treatment project of the smelter.
The old high-pollution sources have not been completely controlled, and new high-pollution projects have been launched in the west. It is reported that some polluting enterprises in the east have poured into the western region under the banner of attracting investment. Among the 70 projects introduced in Shizuishan City, Ningxia from January to April 2004, 43 were high energy-consuming projects, and the follow-up environmental protection work for some projects that had been put into production has not kept up. In recent years, while the discharge of industrial sewage in the Ningxia section of the Yellow River has been reduced, the proportion of domestic pollution and agricultural non-point source pollution has been increasing, becoming a new focus of Yellow River pollution control.
According to data from the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Environmental Protection Bureau, in 2003, the Ningxia section of the Yellow River discharged 235 million tons of wastewater annually, of which domestic sewage discharge reached 128 million tons, accounting for 54.4% of the total wastewater discharge. The discharge of chemical oxygen demand, the main pollutant in wastewater, was 101,500 tons, and the discharge of chemical oxygen demand in industrial and domestic wastewater was 76,400 tons and 25,100 tons respectively.
With the rapid development of the economy. The old problems of Yellow River pollution control have not yet been completely solved, and new pollution and new problems are constantly emerging. At present, water pollution in the Yellow River Basin has gradually changed from concentrated industrial point source pollution to industrial point source pollution, agricultural non-point source pollution, and domestic pollution. The influence of domestic pollution is gradually increasing. Rural environmental protection and the prevention and control of pollution from agricultural fertilizers, pesticides, and livestock and poultry manure have become new focuses and new difficulties in pollution prevention and control work. The pollution structure has gradually become diversified and the pollution factors have become more complex. .
The "pain" of pollution lies in the economic structure. The industrial structure of the Yellow River Basin is "heavy" and "small", which is incompatible with the characteristics of the water environment, making the river runoff smaller and smaller. The Yellow River must accept more and more More and more industrial wastewater is coming. "Heavy" is mainly reflected in the high concentration of heavy industry in Lanzhou, Baiyin, Baotou, Baoji, Xi'an, Xianyang and other places, which exceeds the environmental capacity. The Weihe River Basin, the largest tributary of the Yellow River, is the industrial base of Shaanxi. The annual sewage discharge in the Weihe River Basin reaches 800 million tons, accounting for 18% of the total sewage discharge in the Yellow River Basin. At present, the Weihe River has become a "Guanzhong sewer", and most sections of the river have lost their self-purification capabilities. "Small" is mainly reflected in the fact that some areas in the middle reaches of the Yellow River took advantage of the country's strengthening of water pollution control in the Huaihe River and Taihu Lake basins and the closure of a large number of polluting enterprises to buy equipment at low prices and engage in many "fifteen small" industries, taking over "polluting enterprises". baton". These small polluting enterprises operate in many areas and are very difficult to control.
We believe that the pollution problem of the Yellow River is an inevitable result of my country's rapid economic development. The fundamental reason why the pollution becomes more serious with more control is mainly due to the rapid economic development in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River in recent years and the lack of control. The investment and pace of pollution cannot keep pace. Suggestions for this purpose:
1. Introduce market mechanisms into the field of pollution prevention and control. Through the role of the market, the original individual corporate behavior of "who pollutes will be treated" has been extended to the social division of labor and supply and demand relations under market economic conditions, forming socialized and professional environmental protection enterprises and even environmental protection industries to provide commercial services to the parties responsible for pollution. Environmental protection services, and gradually realize the marketization, socialization and enterpriseization of environmental management.
At the same time, in industrial parks where companies are relatively concentrated, multiple companies are encouraged to build pollution treatment facilities for shared use and professional operation of pollution control facilities, improve the treatment efficiency of pollution control facilities, reduce pollution control costs, and gradually solve the common investment problems The problem is that environmental protection facilities built with a large amount of money cannot be fully utilized.
2. Establish a new river management concept of “maintaining the healthy life of the Yellow River”. The first is to delineate the Yellow River water functional zone, and propose the total amount of pollutants that each province (region) is allowed to discharge into the Yellow River based on the amount of water resources in the Yellow River and the pollution-bearing capacity of the water flow, and implement the administrative head responsibility system for inter-provincial (regional) water quality; The first is to control pollution in accordance with the law. The corresponding punishment measures for excessive water pollution should be clarified in relevant laws and regulations. Provinces (regions) with excessive pollution should stop approving new water resource utilization projects. The third is to establish and improve the joint pollution control mechanism of water conservancy and environmental protection. We will act in a unified manner to monitor, supervise and handle water pollution emergencies and unite in pollution control.
3. The state should further intensify its efforts to promote green GDP and include environmental protection work in the performance evaluation of local party and government leaders.
4. The environmental protection system needs to be further streamlined and vertical management implemented to break away from local restrictions.
5. Give environmental protection departments greater law enforcement powers. Such as the intensity of penalties and the closure of polluting enterprises.
6. The demonstration of new local projects must have scientific decision-making procedures and the participation of environmental protection departments. For new projects, if a major pollution incident occurs, a post-decision-making accountability system will be implemented to strengthen the local "top leaders" Consciousness and responsibility for the supervision and management of Yellow River pollution.
7. On the basis of an effective monitoring network, we should explore the establishment of a compensation system for pollution discharge areas to make those who over-occupy resources pay their due price. The method of "pollution charges" can be used to provide compensation to the downstream if the water quality of the river section does not meet the standards, forcing the governments along the Yellow River to increase the control of pollution in the region.
These methods are not necessarily comprehensive, but I personally think that if they are implemented, the Yellow River will be almost completely controlled.
Set great ambitions and reach new heights.