Migration and Distribution of Chigan Surnames
According to the historical book "Shu Wei Guanshi Zhi", "Scold Shi Gan, then change to Shi Xue." Generally speaking, Chigan's family originated in Xianbei, which was translated into Xue's cadre. Xianbei nationality is one of the northern nomadic nationalities in ancient China. In the late period of Cao Wei, Tuoba Xianbei started from the west and subdued the tribes from the west of Suiyuan to Wuyuan, making its capital Lesheng (now Inner Mongolia and Linger). Its leader, TaBaLiWei, sent a prince to Wei to live in Luoyang for seventeen years (AD 26l~277).
When Sima Chi, Emperor Huaidi of the Western Jin Dynasty was in power, Tuoba Gui, the leader of Tuoba Xianbei, was named Khan and Daigong. In the first year of Taiyuan (376), Emperor Xiaowu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the representative country of Tuoba Xianbei was destroyed by Fu Jian. In the 11th year of Taiyuan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (386), Tuoba Silicon revived the country and changed its name to Wei (Northern Wei). During this period, especially during the one and a half centuries ruled by the Northern Wei Dynasty, Xianbei people further absorbed Chinese culture and gradually merged with the Han nationality. During the reign of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, in order to further strengthen the rule, consolidate the political power, win the support of the landlords of the Han nationality in the Central Plains, and promote the integration of Hu and Han, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty decided to adapt to the situation and carry out a series of sinicization reforms, demanding that the court "ban Hu clothing, break the northern dialect, change the surname and determine the clan surname", forcing Xianbei people to be sinicized rapidly in politics, economy and culture. In this huge wave of changing surnames, the reprimanded cadres were changed to Xue and became a member of the Xue family.
According to the historical book "Biography of Xue Xuan in Northern Qi Dynasty", "Xue Xuan was born in Tan Zhen. Its predecessor, whose real name is Gan Gan. " Therefore, the Xue clan really comes from Xianbei nationality.
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Xue family showed a momentum of all-round development. Xue clan people have spread all over the Huanghuai river basin in the north, and a large part of them are concentrated in Shanxi, Henan, Shandong and northern Anhui, forming the main breeding center of Xue clan people. During the Three Kingdoms period, there were people from the Xue family in the three regimes of Wei, Shu and Wu. Xia Xue, a native of Wei Tianshui and a former minister, was highly valued by Cao Cao. He often talks with him about the past and the present, calling him "Xue Jun". Xue Lingyun, a beauty in Wei Wendi Palace, is unique in sewing. She can cut clothes quickly in a room without lights, and is called the "needle god" in the palace. Xue Qi, the leader of Shu Xue clan, is the prefect of Bashu county. Xue Zong, a native, Sun Xue, III Prince of Shaofu. "From comprehensive to concurrent, the world spread to the East Palace, and the speaker was beautiful." It is particularly worth mentioning that the Xue family in Hedong was formed in the Wei and Jin Dynasties and gradually developed into a famous local family. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the gate valve system prevailed. Whether it is the Han regime or the minority regime, to establish and consolidate their own rule, they must rely on the famous families at that time, so they attracted and absorbed the famous families in the Central Plains to participate in their own political power. As the surname of Kanto, Xue family in Hedong is also the object that various regimes actively strive to win over. As the backbone of the ruling group, the Xue family occupies a pivotal position. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Xue family was brilliant in all aspects. Some Xue people who worked in Song, Qi, Liang, Chen and other countries in the Southern and Northern Dynasties continued to hold important positions and became famous families in the Sui and Tang Dynasties.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Xue family continued to develop in the middle and lower reaches of the Huanghuai River Basin, and flourished in the northwest. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Xue clan mainly spread along the route from east to northwest. During the Three Kingdoms period, the Cao Wei regime consisted of Xia Xue and Tianshui (now Tianshui, Gansu), indicating that Xue lived in Gansu at this time. By the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Xue family in Gansu had formed a growing trend. Xue Ju, a native of Jincheng (now Lanzhou, Gansu), has a well-off family. At the end of Sui Dynasty, he rebelled against Sui Dynasty and once proclaimed himself emperor. In the Tang Dynasty, the Xue family reached unprecedented prosperity. The face of Xue county has been fully formed. The political center of the Tang Dynasty was in Chang 'an (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi). Due to the large number of Xue officials in the DPRK, a large number of Xue people moved to Guanzhong. Now the Guanzhong area in Shaanxi Province has become an important breeding ground for Xue's family, thus becoming one of the leading families in Guanzhong. Princess Taiping, the daughter of Wu Zetian, married Xue Shao of the Xue family in Hedong, which was not only a favor, but also a courtship of the Xue family in Tang Dynasty.
In the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, there was Xue Huairang in the Five Dynasties, and its predecessor was proud, indicating that it was a minority who joined the Xue family. He was brave since he was a child, and served as a military commander in the later Tang Dynasty, and Tang served as a school and state secretariat. In the late Jin Dynasty, he served as Ambassador Ying Yong of Suzhou. In the late Han Dynasty, a Guo Junren saved our time and moved to the same town. The following week, he was appointed General Zuo Tunwei and General Zuo Wuwei.
After the establishment of the Song Dynasty, the country was reunified and the people were able to live a more stable and stable life. During this period, the Xue family scattered all over the country and developed relatively stably, among which the Xue family was more prominent in the early Northern Song Dynasty.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Xue family grew in scale, and its clansmen spread all over the country, especially the southward migration was faster and larger. Since the Southern Song Dynasty, the Xue family in Fujian has been divided into Haiyang, Wuhua, Xingning and Meizhou in Guangdong.
In the Yuan Dynasty, Xue moved from Ninghua, Fujian to the Guangdong Plain, and from the Plain to Fujian. As a family with a long history and brilliant deeds, Xue people in this period were not as good as their ancestors and were active in the historical stage with colorful images.
Since the Qing Dynasty, the Xue family in the southeast coast has migrated sporadically. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, he sent troops to attack and destroy the Zheng regime in Taiwan Province Province, and then stationed troops in Taiwan Province and set up counties. At that time, Taiwan Province Province was vast and sparsely populated with fertile land, which was very attractive to residents of Fujian and Guangdong, so people came to Taiwan Province from Fujian and Guangdong, including Xue people. Around the forty-ninth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 17 10), a man named Xue Da went hunting Dongbao. Another Cantonese, Xue Changgui, settled in Danshui. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, Xue reclaimed land from Guangdong to Datao Village in Taoyuan, and Xue Huamei from Guangdong settled in dongshi town, Taichung County. Since modern times, especially after treaty of shimonoseki was signed by China and Japan in the 21st year of Guangxu (A.D. 1895), the contact between Chinese mainland and Taiwan Province Province was interrupted for 50 years, and Taiwan Province Province did not return to the embrace of the motherland until the Japanese surrendered in August of the 34th year of the Republic of China (A.D. 1945). During this period, the Xue family rarely immigrated to Taiwan Province Province.
1949 After the remnants of the Kuomintang defeated the Taiwan Province provincial capital, a large number of people from all walks of life fled from the mainland to the Taiwan Province provincial capital, including some Xue celebrities such as Xue Yue, a senior general of the National Revolutionary Army, and Xue Xinrong, a senior newspaper tycoon. During the Qing Dynasty, Xue people moved to Taiwan Province province one after another, and at the same time, some people began to cross the ocean and migrated to Southeast Asia and other places to become local overseas Chinese. In modern times, due to the abolition of slavery in the world, European and American countries and their colonies urgently needed a large number of cheap labor. At this time, because of the unstable political situation, the Qing government urgently needed foreign exchange to make up for the huge trade deficit. For example, Zhang Zhidong, governor of Guangdong and Guangxi in the 10th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1886), said that the total amount of remittance needed each year was 20 million yuan (14 million taels of silver), which was equivalent to 65% of the annual tariff revenue in the later period of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty. Therefore, it not only lifted the maritime ban in the early Qing Dynasty, but also strongly encouraged Chinese people to go abroad to work. This has greatly stimulated China's enthusiasm for emigrating overseas and further strengthened the overseas Chinese team. According to incomplete statistics, by the end of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, there were more than 4 million overseas Chinese, including a large number of Xue clan relatives. However, it should be noted that in Binxian County, Shaanxi Province, Chigan Township, Liquan County, Chigan Village, Xinshihe Township, Yichuan County and other places, there are still some Chigan clan members with duplicate surnames. In particular, the Chigan people in Chigan Village, Xinshihe Township, Yichuan County all claim to be descendants of Gan Luo, the prime minister of Qin State, which needs further research.