About the naming of banks!

The establishment and development of the new China financial institution system has gone through the following stages: (1)1948-1953: initial stage. 1 948 65438+February1,the People's Bank of China was established, marking the beginning of the new China financial system. (2)1953-1978: a "unified" financial system. China People's Bank is the only financial institution in China that handles all kinds of banking business. It integrates the functions of the central bank and commercial banks, with highly centralized internal management and unified revenue and expenditure. (3)1979—65438+1983 at the beginning of the reform. China Bank, China Agricultural Bank and China Construction Bank were established one after another, breaking the pattern of "great unification". (4) The period of 65438+September 0983-1early 993 was formed. After a series of reforms, a financial institution system with the People's Bank of China as the core, four specialized banks as the main body and other financial institutions coexisting has been formed. (5) 1994 till now. The State Council has further reformed its financial system and established a financial institution system under the macro-control of the central bank, in which policy finance and commercial finance are separated and various financial institutions with state-owned commercial banks as the main body coexist. This new financial institution system is still in the process of improvement.

The current financial institution system in Chinese mainland is characterized by the fact that the People's Bank of China, the China Banking Regulatory Commission, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the China Insurance Regulatory Commission are the highest financial institutions, and all kinds of financial institutions are subject to separate supervision under the condition of separate operation of the financial industry. The specific composition is: all kinds of commercial banks; Policy banks; Insurance company; Securities companies; Credit cooperative institutions; Trust and investment company; Financial leasing companies, etc.

Hong Kong is a diversified international financial center with international financial capital as the main body and banking as the center, with highly developed financial markets such as foreign exchange, gold, securities, futures, mutual funds and insurance. Banks are the mainstay of Hong Kong's financial industry, and Hong Kong is one of the cities with the highest bank density in the world. Hong Kong's banking industry implements a three-tier management system, and only three types of financial institutions are allowed to accept public deposits, namely licensed banks, restricted licence banks and deposit-taking companies.

1 April 9931The Hong Kong Monetary Authority was established to be responsible for the formulation and implementation of monetary policies and the supervision of the banking industry. The banking industry in Hong Kong implements a supervision system with government departments as the mainstay and trade associations as the supplement. The note-issuing banks in Hongkong include HSBC, Standard Chartered Bank and Bank of China.

Macao's financial institution system is mainly composed of banks and insurance institutions. The first bank in Macao was established in 1902, which is a Portuguese-funded Atlantic bank. 1970 In August, Macao promulgated the first banking law, which marked the formal establishment of the banking system in Macao. For the first time, a "three-tier" banking system consisting of registered banks, registered banks and change shops was formed. 1982 in August, the new banking law was promulgated.

Macao does not implement foreign exchange control, and funds can flow in and out freely. Banks can operate local currency business, foreign currency business and offshore business. There is no central bank in Macao. The Macao Currency Exchange Supervision Office has always served as the central bank, and the Atlantic Bank has always served as the banknote issuing agent in Macao and the government treasury. From 1995, 10 and 16, Bank of China Macau Branch joined the banknote issuing ranks, and the amount of banknotes issued by Atlantic Bank Macau Branch was 50%.

Taiwan Province's financial system includes formal financial system and private lending. The formal financial system is divided into financial intermediaries and financial market institutions, which are managed by the Ministry of Finance and the Central Bank respectively. Financial intermediaries are divided into deposit monetary institutions and non-monetary institutions. There is a central deposit insurance company in Taiwan Province Province. Private lending includes credit lending, pledge lending, private mutual aid associations, leasing companies, installment companies, investment companies and so on.