A Brief Introduction to Shan Hai Jing
Shan Hai Jing is one of the oldest fantastic books of the Chinese nation. It has the following characteristics:
Fifthly, The History of Song Dynasty (20) records the descendants as follows: "There are 22 countries with Yan surname, 57 countries with winning surname, 4 countries with Li surname, 6 countries with Ji surname, 2 countries with disrespectful surname and 9 countries with unknown surname. The total surname is 100 countries. After the explanation, there is Ji surname (Jiang surname, which varies from country to country).
Sixth, from the archaeological point of view, Yan Di culture belongs to the culture of Yangshao period, which is equivalent to the culture of Haidai area in Yangshao period as Dawenkou culture. If the descendants of Emperor Yan move from the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River to Haidai area in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, Yangshao culture will be brought to Haidai area. Archaeology has proved that the square country formed by the migration of an ethnic group and tribe will inevitably leave cultural traces of the ethnic group. Because in addition to the daily necessities they carry when they move, even in a new environment, the culture of their own ethnic group will certainly be reflected in the daily necessities they make. A large number of Dawenkou culture and Longshan culture sites have been discovered in Haidai area, especially in Rizhao area, and various artifacts have been unearthed, but no trace of Yangshao culture has been found so far. In other words, before Longshan culture, there was no Yandi ginger in Haidai area. Even if there is an ancient country called Jiang in Haidai area, it can only be migrated in Xia and Shang Dynasties. For example, Feng Boling recorded in Zuo Zhuan's Twenty Years of Zhao Gong.
Seventh, Xu Zhuoyun (2 1) listed many immigrants in the Western Zhou Dynasty, including Ji Guo, and then wrote: "These immigrants have moved hundreds or even thousands of miles away, so the nationalities who moved with the monarch must be the main body of enfeoffment. Judging from the migration routes of Ji surname and Jiang surname, they both migrated from Henan to the east or south to new areas, thus establishing a new sector. In the new place, these ethnic groups lived above the original residents and formed the feudal ruling class. " "Book of Rites" and "The Prince": "The sacrifice of the emperor and the vassal has no owner because the country is in its place. "The so-called' because of the country' is also the land that these enfeoffment peoples have been to. The ruling nation lives in cities because the country is the people, while the original inhabitants of the country are scattered in settlements, that is, barbarians. In this way, it is said that the descendants of Emperor Yan were sealed in Ji State (now Shouguang County, Shandong Province) in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, which was recorded in Compilation of Yuanhe Surnames in Tang Dynasty and Strategy of Tongzhi Clan in Song Dynasty-Taking Country as Surname. In other words, the predecessor of ancient times was black flies, and after the emperor was ginger. During the Yin and Shang Dynasties, the kingdom of Jiang extended to Shouguang. Later, the Zhou Dynasty enfeoffed the descendants of Emperor Yan to Ji as the ruler. The descendants of Emperor Yan became "China people" and the descendants of Emperor Jun became "savages". Therefore, there is a saying that the surname Jiang is after Emperor Yan.
Huainanzi? "Xiu Wu Xun" (22) mentioned the state of Blackpool: "Yao Cihe makes people like children, teaches people in the west and moves Blackpool to the east". This also clearly shows that Heilongjiang is in the east of China.
4, 10 countries
There is a soup valley under Overseas East longitude. There is a hibiscus flower in the Tang Valley where I bathed for ten days, which is in the north of Blackpool. Living in the water, there are big trees, No.9 lives in the lower branch, and 1 lives in the upper branch. "
"East longitude in the wild": "In the wild, there is a mountain named Nie Yaoqi. There is a tree in the building, with a column of 300 miles and leaves like mustard. There is a valley called Wenyuan Valley. There are wooden frames on the Tang Valley, all of which are contained in Wu. "
Wild East longitude: People who own Gam San and are willing to come out of the water will have a sweet life.
Yenan Jing: "Beyond the Southeast Sea, between Gansu and Shui Li, there is a country of He, and a woman named He bathes every day. He, Di Jun's wife, was born ten days ago. Just as the Emperor gave birth to Blackpool, He's 10 birthday means that He's descendants established the first 10 country. There is a woman named Xi He who takes a bath in Gan Yuan every day.
In the eyes of the ancients, the change of the sun was that it was cool at sunrise in the morning, and then the temperature gradually increased and became hot until sunset, and so on. The ancients did not understand the temperature change of the sun in one day, so there was a legend about how the goddess of the sun went to bathe to cool down. This is reflected in the "mountain and sea scenery", which is a scene of a woman bathing in the sunshine in Ganyuan Lake. When it comes to the passage of Shan Hai Jing, it becomes "There is a woman named He who takes a bath every day".
According to the fact that Blackpool is located in the upper (south) of the Tang Valley, the Tang Valley should be located in the northern part of Blackpool, and its underground archaeology corresponds to the ruins of Yaowangcheng in Rizhao City, which is the so-called "country of ten days". Tanggu is a sacred place for Dongyi people to worship the sun god.
Yaowangcheng site belongs to the national key cultural relics protection unit, which is a fairly large "primitive city" and also the "capital city" of Longshan ancient country in Yaowangcheng. After investigation by the Sino-American joint archaeological team, it is considered that the site area (more than 6,543,800 square meters) is similar to that of the two towns. Adobe buildings were discovered here for the first time, especially the foundation stone, which opened the first foundation stone ceremony in China. The burial custom of tombs is unique, and it is very rare to form a square tomb frame around the tomb owner with pottery pieces. The copper slag unearthed from this site indicates that this place first entered the era of bronze stone civilization.
According to the investigation results of the joint archaeological team composed of the Oriental Archaeological Research Center of Shandong University and the Chicago Museum of Natural History, there are three-level settlements around Yaowang City. Geographically, Yaowangcheng site faces the sea (east), backed by Laoniutou, Shuang Shan and Baiyun Temple (west), with Zhuzi River, Dazhai Mountain and Dengshan on the right (south) and Futuan River and Kuishan on the left (north). Full of imperial spirit and geomantic treasures.
Archaeology of the tombs in Yaowangcheng shows that the tombs all face the mountaineering area in the south of the site. There are many legends about sun worship and ancestor worship on Shipen Mountain at the northern foot of Dongyue Mountain (23). At present, there are still relics such as Sun God Stone, Stone Ancestor Statue, Sun God Mausoleum, Jimiaolou Mountain and Old Mother Temple. Shipenshan Canyon was named after Wang Xianxi by Qin Shihuang. According to Wang Yan (24) in Qing Dynasty, there is an old mother temple in the river, which is dedicated to Nu Wa and He.
(4) speculation on the prospects of other countries.
There are hills and adult countries in the south of the luxury corpse country (now Lianyun District, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province to Ganyu).
"Overseas East longitude" "There are jade, green horses, meat, willows and sweet flowers in the mountains. Gan Guo was born in Donghai, China. There are trees on the hill between the two mountains. One says "Qiu Jie". The East buries a hundred fruits. "
"Wild East longitude": "There are three green horses, three raccoons and dried flowers in the northeast (suspected" south ") sea. Love has jade, three bluebirds, three pigs, meat, fragrant flowers and fragrant ears. Where is Baigu? "
Wild East longitude >: "There is a famous Pimuqiu in the southeast corner of the Great Wilderness". This "hill" seems to be a "leather mother's hill".
"overseas east longitude" "the big country is in the north, for the people's congress, sitting and cutting the boat. One day in Qiubei.
East longitude of the wild land >: "Beyond the East China Sea, in the wild land, there are mountains that talk big, and the sun and the moon rise. There are valleys and mountains, and there is a country of adults. " "There is a city of adults, called the hall of adults. There is an adult standing on it with his ears open. "
Sheqiu, a land of talent, is located in Dayi Mountain, Guanyun County, Jiangsu Province. The archaeological culture in this area is the Neolithic sarcophagus burial site of Dayi Mountain, which is located in Qingfeng Ridge, a foothill platform at the southern corner of Dayi Mountain, one kilometer north of Guanyun County, Lianyungang City. Covering an area of 700 square meters, the site has cleared 64 "sarcophagus tombs" in the Neolithic age, with more than 50 pieces of cultural relics buried with it/kloc-0. Dayishan site embodies the typical characteristics of northern culture such as Dawenkou, and contains some factors of southern Jiangsu culture, which is the frontier of Dongyi culture.
In the northern part of Ganyu's corpse country and the southern part of Heichi country (from Wang Zhi Town of Ganyu to hushan town, Andongwei, Lanshan), besides Qingqiu country, there are scholar country and Republic of China.
"Overseas East longitude" "The country is in the north, and the sword eats the beast, so that the two tigers are around, and people are so indisputable. With lavender, you will die in the morning. One is in Ganyu corpse north. "
Yedongjing: There is a mountain at the east entrance. Gentleman's country, sword.
Ke case: said four clouds: "The foreigners are arrogant, and adults are also; Kindness leads to longevity, which is possessed by a gentleman and an immortal country. And "Natural History Foreign Cloud" said, "It is indisputable that a gentleman and a countryman are dressed with a sword, making two tigers and people wear wild silk. In Hijikata Chizuru, there are many fragrant grasses. There are many people in the high wind, and no one cares. 」
It seems that the horizon of the scholar's country should be between Lianyun District and Qingkou Town, Ganyu (60 kilometers apart).
The archaeological culture in this area is shown as follows: Beiqingdun Temple Site (including Suqingdun Site) and Neolithic Longshan Cultural Site, which is located in the north of Qingdunmiao Village in Chengtou Town and is a big river beach with an area of about 6.5438+0.5 million square meters. Yancang Site (including Miaotaizi Site) is located in Yancangcheng Village, Haitou Town. It was the residence of Yan Guan in the Spring and Autumn Period and was stationed here in the Han Dynasty. It is an east-west platform with a length of 120m, a width of 1 15m and a height of 3m.
"Overseas East longitude" is in the north, with two songs each. One is in the north of the country of scholars. " There is a rainbow in the classic Classic of Mountains and Seas, and the image text should be similar to that of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, which is the image of a rainbow with a head at both ends (bear illustration in ancient Chinese). When the ancients wrote The Classic of Mountains and Seas according to The Classic of Mountains and Seas, they described the rainbow as "every rainbow has two pieces", which made it impossible for future generations to know whether it was a rainbow or a monster with two pieces. Even Sima Qian said, "I dare not speak. "
"Overseas East longitude" "Chaoyang Valley, God calls Tianwu for water. Between worker ants and insects. It is also a beast, with eight faces, eight feet and eight tails, all green and yellow. "
Chaoyang Valley lies between Scholar's Country and Blackpool. After Qin Shihuang unified China, he "swam eastward to the sea and saluted Ba Shen, a famous mountain and great river" and "caught a corner of the sea, climbed the fruit again and showed the sunrise", which may be the sunrise.
"Wild East longitude" has a man of God, with eight faces and a tiger body in ten tail. His name is Tianwu.
"Overseas East longitude" "The emperor ordered Shu Hai to take steps, from the East Pole to the West Pole, to choose 9800 steps out of 500 million. Shu Hai right hand counting, left hand pointing to QingQiu north. Yu Yue Shu Hai. One day, 509,800 steps. "
"Yedongjing" was trapped in the Republic of China and shared food with his surname. Some people say that Wang Hai only eats his head when he holds a bird in his hands. Wang Hai entrusts You Yi and Hebo to herd cattle. It's easy to sneak out, and the kingdom is eaten among beasts, which is called shaking the people. Emperor Shun gave birth to drama, and drama shook the people.
Accordingly, the Republic of China where Wang Hai was trapped should be the country of Shu Hai. In ancient times, people's geographical order was south, west, north and east. In other words, the map of mountains and seas is just the opposite of today's map, that is, up and down north and south, left west and right east. According to "Shu Hai's right hand counts, and his left hand points to the north of Qingqiu", it is speculated that the Republic of China is in the west of Qingqiu, which is Linyi area. Linyi is another central area of Yaowangcheng type in Longshan period, and it is also the place where the ancestors of Yin people lived together.
In the northern part of the tenth kingdom (the ancient country of Yaowangcheng), there are the Kingdom of Yuji, the Kingdom, the Republic of Mao and the Lao Republic.
"Overseas East longitude" "Yu Shi concubine in the north. He is black, with a snake in each hand, a green snake in his left ear and a red snake in his right ear. One day, Beixun, I was black, and I fucked a turtle. " Guo Puyun said, "Teacher Yu called the screen". Hao Yixing said, "Chu Ci asks heaven", "It began to rain." Wang Yi notes the cloud: "Hey, hey, the name of the rain teacher is also;" Number, call also. " "Notes for Beginners" (Volume 2) said: "The rain teacher called the screen, which is also called the screen number.
Shan Hai Jing? In The Great Northern Wilderness Classic, Chiyou was a soldier, attacked the Yellow Emperor, and asked Fengbo Rain Master to ride the wind and waves.
The Princess Country of Yushi may be in the area of Haiqu Ancient City (west of Rizhao County), represented by Yu Site in the East China Sea. In 2006, the site was approved by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit. The announced site area is 80,000 square meters. When the Sino-American joint archaeological team conducted a "regional systematic survey", it believed that the site should be over 200,000 square meters. The dense distribution of buildings in the East China Sea fishing site reflects that this is a large-scale primitive village. It can be seen from the architectural structure of the ruins in the East China Sea that the appearance of building piers and the use of tamping technology have opened the precedent of traditional tamping civil buildings in China, which is of great value and significance in the history of ancient architecture in China. The appearance of aproll facilities in building construction shows that our ancestors have mastered more advanced moisture-proof technology.
Donghaiyu site obviously does not belong to the ancient country of Yaowangcheng, because the direction of Donghaiyu tomb is mainly towards rivers and mountains, while the direction of Yaowangcheng tomb is mostly towards Shipen Mountain. Ling Tao, unearthed in the East China Sea Valley, should be an instrument used by Rain God for sacrifice.
"Overseas East longitude" "The mysterious stock country is in its north. It's for people to eat. Let two birds catch each other. One is a concubine in northern Shi Yu.
Wild East longitude: The mountains shake and the water melts. There is a country that says mysterious stocks, millet food, be four birds.
The mysterious country looks at the area around the ruins of two cities. The ruins of the two cities face the sea with the back of the mountain, covering an area of about 654.38+00,000 square meters. According to the British version of the Handbook of World History, from 3500 BC to 2000 BC, Rizhao City, Shandong Province, China was the largest city in Asia. In 2005, it was listed as one of the key cultural relics protection units in National Cultural Heritage Administration 100. The cultural layer of this site is 2-5 meters thick, and its cultural connotation is very rich. The cultural layer is mainly the Longshan cultural layer, where the only animal-faced Hosta in China was unearthed; Unearthed jade inlaid with turquoise is also fine jade; The shape of pottery is very rich, and the shape of unearthed objects almost covers the shape of past dynasties, which has rich cultural connotation and strong artistry. Pottery birds and sun-patterned pottery pots unearthed in the site are among them, which proves that the ancestors of the two towns are not only a nation that worships birds, but also a nation that worships the sun. There are three moats in the ruins of the two towns, which are the core of the settlement group and the "capital" of the two ancient towns; Nearly 100 square meters of houses found in the site should be used for sacrifices or large gatherings; The discovery of wine refuted China's theory of winemaking abroad, and advanced the history of winemaking in China by two thousand years. The floating of wheat specimens is an important archaeological discovery, which proves that northern China and southeastern Shandong are suitable agricultural areas for drought and flood in Longshan period.
"Overseas East longitude" "The country of Mao people is in the north, and it is hairy for the people. One is in northern Gu Xuan. "
Shan Hai Jing? Wild east longitude: there are mountains shaking and water melting. There is a country that says mysterious stocks, millet food, be four birds. 」
It is possible that the Lingshanwei area near Langya in Jiaonan County in the Republic of China belonged to the country of Ju in the Spring and Autumn Period. Anyang City is located here in the country of Ju, and it is one of the \ \ \ \ "Five Yang \ \ \ \" in the country of Ju.
"Overseas East longitude" "The Republic of China is in the north and black. Or parishioners. One day in Maoming North, everyone is black. "
The Lao PDR may be in the area from Sanlihe in jiaozhou city to downtown Qingdao. Underground archaeology is represented by the Longshan cultural site in Sanlihe. The site belongs to the key cultural relics protection units in Shandong Province, and is located in the west of Shenxian Gully, North Sanlihe Village, Nanguan Sub-district Office, jiaozhou city, with an area of about 50,000 square meters. The site stratum is divided into two layers, the upper layer is Longshan culture layer and the lower layer is Dawenkou culture layer. After two excavations, more than 2,000 cultural relics were unearthed, which is an ancient site with extremely rich connotations. Among them, thin-walled black pottery (also known as eggshell pottery) is a unique cultural relic of Longshan culture in China, and its exquisite craftsmanship is really rare. 1 piece of black pottery high-handle cup unearthed from the site of China History Museum is 20cm high and weighs 39g. The mouth plate is only 0.3 mm thick, as thin as an eggshell and as bright as a mirror, which is a masterpiece. In addition, nearly 100 tombs of Longshan culture type, more than 60 tombs of Dawenkou culture type, house remains, caves and so on were discovered.
The ancient Juguo is located in Jinji, which is the "Jiegen" in Zuo Zhuan, on the Lisan River in jiaozhou city. Yuan Zhaoguo (25) said in the article "The 600-year History of Qing Dynasty Annotated by Ju Civilization": "According to the inference of relevant historical archaeologists, in history, with the changes of Ju, the capital has moved to a new location many times. First of all, in the Shang Dynasty, Du Jun moved to Ganyu, Jiangsu, and then moved back to Di Jun in the Western Zhou Dynasty. Di Jun was originally the Dawenkou Cultural City of Lingyang River, and later it was Duanjiahe Longshan City. Another way of saying it is that the capital of Juan was first introduced into China (now southwest of jiaozhou city) and then moved to Juan. There is also a saying that there were three capitals in the Spring and Autumn Period, namely Cheng Ju, Quqiu and Luanyuan. Cheng Ju is now the county seat; Quqiu is in the south of Junan, which is in the west of Ganyu County, Jiangsu Province. Cloud in the north of Dongguan Town immediately became the Eastern Zhou ruins of Yuanjiazhuang.
"In Ju Mang, a bird with a face rides two dragons."
This sentence refers to the totem and worship of the ancestors on the land of the Yi people (the type of Dragon Yam King City). (or famous sentence dragon) is a descendant of Yes, whose name is heavy, and he is Fu. After death, he became a wood god (spring god), in charge of the germination and growth of trees. The sun rises from Fusang every morning. The holy tree Fusang belongs to Ju Mang, and the place where the sun rises also belongs to Ju Mang. Ju Mang was very important in ancient times, and the Spring Festival was held every year. His true face is a bird-a bird with a face and riding two dragons.
There are a lot of historical sites here, some of which can never be verified. But the following points are clear: first, the luxury corpse (the corpse of Ganyu) is located between Ganyu in Lianyungang today; Second, the name of Blackpool Jiang is the land of the ancient kingdom, that is, the area around hushan town, Andongwei, lanshan district today; Third, the tenth kingdom is in the surrounding area of Yaowangcheng site. Other viewpoints need further study.
Attachment: Overseas East longitude countries and their prospects
Overseas from southeast to northeast. (Guanyun County, Jiangsu Province to Qingdao Coastal Area)
There are jade, green horses, meat, willows and dried flowers in the mountains. Gan Guo was born in Donghai, China. There are trees on the hill between the two mountains. One says "Qiu Jie". A hundred fruits are there and buried in Yao. In the north of the ancient kingdom, for the people's congress, the boat was cut while sitting. A day in Qiubei. (Guanyun County, Jiangsu Province)
Luxury is more than luxury. In the north, there are two green snakes: animal body, human face, big ears and two. One day, Gan Yu's body was in Daren North. (Lianyun District, Lianyungang City, the seat of Ganyu County in Han Dynasty)
The kingdom of a gentleman is in the north, and the sword eats animals, so that the two tigers are around, and their people are easy to let go. With lavender, you will die in the morning. One is in the north of Ganyu's body. (between Lianyun District of Ganyu and Qingkou Town)
There are two songs in the north: workers and insects. One is in the north of the country of scholars. (There is a rainbow here)
In Chaoyang Valley, God calls heaven Wu for water. Between the northern waters. It is a wild animal, with eight faces, eight feet and eight tails, all green and yellow. There is a valley where the sun rises.
Qingqiu Kingdom is in the north, and its fox has four feet in Kyubi no Youko. One is in Chaoyang North. (North of Qingkou Town, Ganyu)
The emperor ordered Shu Hai to walk from east to west, and chose 9800 steps out of 500 million. Shu Hai right hand counting, left hand pointing to QingQiu north. Yu Yue Shu Hai. 509,800 steps a day. (Shu Hai is trapped in the west of Qingqiu country in Linyi area)
Black pool north, people are black, eat rice and eat snakes, one red and one green, next to each other. On the one hand, in the north of Shu Hai, people have black heads, eat rice to make snakes, and a snake is red. (An Dongwei of Lanshan, descendant of Di Jun, Gu Jiang surnamed Ji Guo)
Below is Tang Gu. There is a hibiscus flower in the Tang Valley where I bathed for ten days, which is in the north of Blackpool. Living in the water, there is a big tree, which lives in the lower branch for nine days and in the upper branch for one day. (Ten-day country, worshiping the sun, inventing the October solar calendar, Yaowangcheng site)
Shi Yu's concubine is in the north. He is black, with a snake in each hand, a green snake in his left ear and a red snake in his right ear. One day, north of 10, people were dark and dirty, and everyone fucked a turtle. (Rizhao Old Town, Donghai Valley Area)
The kingdom of mysterious stocks is in its north. It's for people to eat. Let two birds catch each other. One is a concubine in northern Shi Yu. (The ruins of two towns)
The country of Mao people is in the north, and Mao is born for the people. One is in northern Gu Xuan. (Jiaonan County)
The Republic of China is in the north, and it is black. Or parishioners. One said that in Maoming North, everyone is black. (Qingdao urban area, Jiaozhou Sanlihe area)
Ju Mang in the East, a bird with a face, rides two dragons. Tai Hao's totem worship. Ju Mang: Spring God)
1 Jingwei Reclamation
Emperor Yan has a little daughter named Nu Wa, who is his favorite daughter. His daughter can be said to be fully developed morally, intellectually and physically, with good literary talent and ready to help others. She never bullies people because her father is Emperor Yan. More importantly, she knows many sports, such as swimming and playing football. Emperor Yan has many things to do. Every day he is so tired that his eyes can't stand it. When he has to close his eyes, he will go home and have a rest. By the way, he will take something home to do, rest for a few hours and start doing it again. The girl is very concerned about her father and always wants to share something for him. Recently, she heard that the East China Sea is her father's biggest headache. Some people can't swim, they can't go to the other side at all, and sometimes they flood, flooding crops and houses. So, as soon as the girl is free, she helps her father find a way. Finally, one day, the girl happily showed something like a big orange peel to her father and called it a "boat". It is said that it can help people cross the East China Sea. Emperor Yan didn't believe this thing could work, and thought it was just a joke for his daughter. So he smiled and said, "son, dad doesn't do much." Go out and play by yourself. " However, the girl is stubborn. She believed that this thing she invented would definitely help people, so she quietly brought her invented "boat" to the East China Sea. She really set off on her own boat. Unfortunately, there was a storm at sea and the boat capsized like a mountain wave. The girl was swallowed by the ruthless sea and never came back. When Emperor Yan heard the news, he was surprised at first, then fell into great pain and lamented alone.
When the baby girl died, her soul turned into a bird with a flower head, a white shell and red claws, and gave a cry of "Jingwei, Jingwei", so people also called this bird "Jingwei".
Although the girl became a jingwei, she still remembers the harm that the East China Sea did to people, reminding herself that she was killed by the ruthless sea and that she wanted to kill the people. So, she kept taking a pebble or a twig from the pigeon hill where she lived, spreading her wings and flying to the East China Sea. She believes that only by filling up the East China Sea can we really save the people.
The sea roared and laughed at her: "bird, forget it." Even if you work for a million years, you will never fill me up. "
Jingwei answered the sea at high altitude: "Even if you work for 10 million years, 10 million years, until the end of the universe and the end of the world, I will fill you up eventually!" "
"Why do you hate me so much?"
"Because you not only took my young life, you will also harm the people, and you will take many young and innocent lives in the future. I will work endlessly, and one day I will fill you up. "
Jingwei holds the topic, throws it, flies around year after year, and never stops. Finally, one day, in the blood-red dusk, a soft body fell gently. ...