Folk houses with their own characteristics

Mongolian yurt is a famous architectural form in the world and a great pioneering work of Asian nomads. The early form of this house may have been used by earlier nomadic people in Asia, and later many nomadic people used it or houses similar to it for a long or short time.

2. Siheyuan

Siheyuan, also known as Siheyuan, is a traditional quadrangle-style building in China. Its pattern is a courtyard surrounded by houses, so it is named quadrangle.

Siheyuan is a house with a concierge in front of Sanheyuan. If it looks like a "mouth", it is called a courtyard; The shape of "sky" is called binary courtyard; The shape of "wood" is called Sanjinyuan.

Generally speaking, in a big house, the first entrance is the gatehouse, the second entrance is the hall, and the third or last entrance is the private room or boudoir, which is the activity space for women or their families. Ordinary people are not allowed to enter at will. No wonder the ancients said that "the courtyard is as deep as a person." The deeper the courtyard, the less you can see its hall.

3. Shikumen architecture

Shikumen is a new type of building which combines the characteristics of western culture and China traditional houses. This is a residential building with China characteristics. The old alleys in Shanghai are generally Shikumen buildings, which originated during the Taiping Rebellion. At that time, the war forced wealthy businessmen, landlords and officials in Jiangsu and Zhejiang to take refuge in the concession, and foreign real estate developers took the opportunity to build a large number of houses.

In the twenties and thirties of last century, enclosure was still the main feature of Shanghai residence, but it did not pay attention to sculpture and pursued simplicity. It changed from multi-system to single system, and Shikumen residence combining Chinese and Western came into being. This kind of building absorbs the style of Jiangnan folk houses, with stone as the door frame and black painted solid wood planks as the door leaves, hence the name "Shikumen".

4. Cave dwellings

Cave dwelling is an ancient living form for the residents of the Loess Plateau in northwest China. The history of this cave can be traced back to more than 4000 years ago. Cave dwellings are widely distributed in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Ningxia and other provinces on the Loess Plateau.

In the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region of China, the loess layer is very thick, some of which are tens of kilometers thick. The people of China creatively used the favorable terrain of the plateau to dig holes to live, and created cave buildings called green buildings. Cave dwellings generally include cliff cave dwellings, sunken cave dwellings, independent cave dwellings, etc., among which backer kiln is widely used.

5. Tibetan dwellings

Tibetan dwellings are very distinctive. Bunkers in southern Tibet Valley, accounting rooms in pastoral areas in northern Tibet, and wooden buildings in forest areas in Yarlung Zangbo River Valley all have their own characteristics. Tibetan dwellings not only pay attention to cold, wind and earthquake prevention, but also adopt methods such as opening air doors, setting patios and skylights to better solve the influence of unfavorable natural environment factors such as climate and geography on production and life, and achieve the effect of ventilation and heating.

Baidu encyclopedia-Mongolia Mongolian yurt

Baidu encyclopedia-quadrangle

Baidu encyclopedia-Shikumen

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Baidu encyclopedia-Tibetan dwellings