About places of interest
Dongting Lake Scenic Area of Yueyang Tower is located in Yueyang City, Hunan Province, including 9 scenic spots, including Yueyang Tower Ancient City, Junshan, Nanhu, Bajiao Lake, Miluo River, Tieshan Reservoir, Fushou Mountain and Huanggai Lake, with a total area of 1.300 square kilometers.
Dongting Lake is "a distant mountain, swallowing the Yangtze River, vast and boundless, with clear sand and white sand, abundant water plants, sunny and cloudy weather." Since ancient times, Dongting Lake has attracted people with its lakes and mountains, and celebrities of all ages have been fascinated by it. Tang Li Bai's poem said: "The Ming Lake is swept lightly, the jade mirror is opened, and Danqing paints Junshan." The poet Liu Yuxi also sang, "The lake is full of moonlight, and there is no wind on the pool. Looking at the Dongting landscape, there are green snails in the silver plate. " Dongting Lake is the cradle of Chu culture, leaving many places of interest in the long river of history.
Yueyang Tower, located at the head of the west gate of Yueyang City, is exquisite and magnificent. It is one of the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River in China, and it is a treasure of ancient architecture in China. Since ancient times, there has been a reputation of "Dongting is the world's water and Yueyang is the world's building".
Opinions vary as to when Yueyang Tower will be completed. It is generally believed that it was built in the Tang Dynasty and rebuilt and expanded in the Northern Song Dynasty.
The fame of Yueyang Tower is largely attributed to Fan Zhongyan (989- 1052), a famous writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, who wrote an immortal essay "The Story of Yueyang Tower". It is said that Teng, the then governor of Baling County (Yueyang belonged to Baling County in Song Dynasty) was a very talented person. When the building collapsed, he couldn't help but write a poem: "The sky is near the lake, the water is on the horizon, and Qiu Lai points it out. You are Ying, and you are a fog in Yunmeng Valley, covering Yueyang City. The emperor had the right to play the harp, but he was still injured. I heard that Lan Zhi moved Fang Xin, but there were no peaks on the river. " The 59-word lyric is very imposing. However, at Teng's request, Fan Zhongyan wrote notes for Yueyang Tower. Write better. "The Story of Yueyang Tower" is 360 words, carefully chosen and touching to read. Many epigrams in this article have become the motto of future generations. Among them, the phrase "worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later" is even more popular.
However, the Yueyang Tower rebuilt by Teng was destroyed by war in the 11th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1639) and rebuilt the following year. Many repairs were carried out in the Qing Dynasty. In the sixth year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1880), Zhang Derong, the magistrate, carried out a large-scale renovation of Yueyang Tower, and moved the building site more than 60 feet. After liberation, the government carried out maintenance for many times, and rebuilt it again in 1983, copying and updating the decaying parts as they were.
Yueyang Tower has an excellent geographical location. It stands on the ancient city of Yueyang, backed by Yueyang City, overlooking Dongting Lake, Junshan Mountain, Nantong Yangtze River and Xiangjiang River in the north, climbing the building and overlooking, with endless blue sky and white sails, misty and colorful.
The architecture of Yueyang Tower is very distinctive. The main building is15m high, with three floors in total. Four nanmu columns bear the weight of the whole building, and then 12 original wooden columns are used to support the second floor, and 12 Zimu eaves columns are used to jack up the cornices. Contain each other, bite each other, as steady as a rock. Another feature of the building is that the shape of the roof resembles a general's helmet, which is both majestic and unusual.
On the beach under Yueyang Tower, there are three iron articles in the shape of shackles, weighing 1500 Jin, which also attracts many tourists to watch. What is its purpose? There are different opinions so far.
Junshan is an island in Dongting Lake with an area of less than 100 hectare, which is located in the southwest of Yueyang City 15 km. Formerly known as Dongting Mountain, it takes the meaning of "the court of the abode of fairies and immortals". Legend has it that "Dongting Mountain floats on the water, and there are hundreds of golden halls under it, where jade girls live, and the sound of four seasons of stone and bamboo is built on the top of the mountain". This romantic myth and legend is not credible. Later, because the two concubines were buried here, Qu Yuan called it Mrs. Hexiang in Nine Songs, so later generations renamed this mountain Junshan. Junshan, which consists of 72 peaks, has a beautiful peak. "The smoke is quiet and the scenery is heavy, and the blue is all green and deep." Suspected to be Narcissus Beauty Office, snail indigo mirror center. "I don't know how many literati were intoxicated by this supernatural scene, and the magical legend is even more reverie. To abandon the ship and climb the mountain, you can go to see the tomb of Shun Di's second sister-in-law. The stone couplets on both sides of the tomb are: "Your princess is immortal, and mangosteen cries. "This" A Man with Tears "is typical: Yu Shun's southern tour collapsed in Cangwu, and his two beloved princesses E Huang and her husband came to Dongfushan. Suddenly, they heard the bad news and were very sad, so they climbed onto the bamboo and cried. Tears drop on the bamboo, and the bamboo becomes spotted bamboo. The second princess died of grief in Junshan and was buried here.
Over a mountain ridge, not far from the second concubine's tomb. We arrived at the "June 1 scene". The story of Li's biography in the Tang Dynasty happened here. There is Yang Mao Village in Xishan Mountain, which is said to be the location of Yang Maojun camp, the leader of Dongting Lake peasant uprising army in the early Southern Song Dynasty. From then on, I ran away and went to Jiuxiangshan. Legend has it that there is wine on the mountain, which can make you live forever. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who wanted to live forever, heard about it and sent Luan Ba, a scribe, to Junshan for drinking. After the wine was recovered, it was drunk and then a joke was made. Junshan is the largest island in Dongting Lake with unique terrain. There are 36 pavilions, 48 temples, the mountain seal of Qin Shihuang and the "social education platform" of Han Wudi. Junshan Yinzhen tea is famous at home and abroad, and has been listed as a tribute since the Tang Dynasty. There are Quzi Temple and Du Fu's Tomb by the Miluo River. In addition, there are places of interest such as Cishi Pagoda, Confucian Temple in Jin Dynasty, Land Tomb, Huanggai Lake, and Ancient Battlefield of Three Kingdoms.
You can visit Yueyang Tower by train, and there are 8 express trains passing by and stopping at Yueyang every day. Passengers in Guangzhou, Changsha, Beijing, Zhengzhou, Wuhan and other places are more convenient; Chenglingji can be reached by the Yangtze River liner waterway, and it is very close from Chenglingji to Yueyang Tower. There are buses. It's cheaper to go by boat from Wuhan. You can visit Yueyang Tower and nearby places of interest and stay in Yueyang for one night.
Junshan
Junshan is a small island in Dongting Lake, located in the southwest of Yueyang City, with a water distance of 12km. With a total area of 0.98 square kilometers, it faces Yueyang Tower, a historic building, across the lake. This is a small island with an oval mountain, high on both sides and low in the middle. There are 72 peaks on this mountain.
Junshan, formerly known as Xiangshan, also known as Dongting Mountain, means immortal abode of fairies. Junshan is surrounded by water and has beautiful scenery. There are many myths and allusions circulating here. According to legend, Shun Di's second concubines, E Huang and Nv Ying, came here and became the goddess of Xiang Shui after their death. Qu Yuan called it "Xiang Jun", so later people called this mountain "Junshan". According to the Records of Baling County, Junshan once had 36 pavilions, 48 temples, 5 wells and 4 stations, and many other places of interest. Now it has been restored, including the Tomb of the Second Concubine, ChristianRandPhillips Temple, Liu Yijing, Chuanshu Pavilion, Langyin Pavilion and Feilai Bell. The newly-built Dongting Mountain Villa, teahouse and hotel are exquisite, elegant and unique.
Junshan is surrounded by water, with mild climate, abundant rainfall, misty clouds and fertile land, which is suitable for the growth of bamboo and tea trees. There are many kinds of bamboo, such as Arhat Bamboo, Spotted Bamboo, Square Bamboo, Solid Bamboo, Purple Bamboo, Dragon Bamboo, Meizhu and Lilian Bamboo. According to legend, the spots on the bamboo were left by Shun Di's mistress when she climbed onto the bamboo and cried bitterly. Junshan Yinzhen tea is a special green tea produced on the island, which is famous at home and abroad. It was designated as a tribute in the Tang Dynasty for the emperor to drink. At the 1956 Leipzig World Expo, "Junshan Silver Needle" was praised as "gold inlaid jade" and won a gold medal. Now it is one of the famous teas in China. Scarab, a precious animal on Junshan Mountain, is not only for viewing, but also a good medicinal material.
There are many beautiful and touching myths and legends in Junshan, and poets who moved to other places in the past dynasties left many famous articles here. For example, in the chapter with Madam Xiang in Qu Yuan's Nine Songs, Li Baiyou said: "Di Zi Xiaoxiang has not returned, and there is a cave in autumn grass when he is free. The Ming Lake sweeps the jade mirror and Danqing paints Junshan." Junshan has been famous at home and abroad since ancient times. Looking at the magnificence of Yueyang Tower, soaking in the glow of Dongting Lake, swallowing the Yu Yun of Wushan Mountain, gathering the beautiful clothes of Heng Yue, looming caves in the clouds, towering water parks, beautiful scenery of 800 miles, and historic sites of thousands of years, it is really "Penglai Palace is in the middle of the water" and "Danqing painted Junshan"
Zhangguying village
At the foot of Bijia Mountain, about 70 kilometers east of Yueyang City, Hunan Province, there is a mysterious ancient folk village-Zhangguying Village. Because it is located in a remote mountainous area, it has the irresistible unique charm of ancient residential buildings in Ming and Qing dynasties, which has aroused people's interest in exploring secluded places and visiting scenic spots.
It takes about half an hour to drive eastward from Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway or Yueyang section of 107 National Highway, and the car enters Dadun 'ao, Zhangkou, facing each other through the window, and suddenly realizes. I saw five hundred miles of branches of the shogunate mountain stretching here, four mountains in the southeast and northwest rolling continuously, and a huge house stretching for miles in the middle, with roofs connected, spreading among the mountains like a huge picture scroll.
Exploration of Searching for Descendants of the Zhang Family in Ancient Villages
Walk along an ancient post road paved with stone slabs and walk into Zhangguying Village. On both sides of the archway, "ancient architecture is a magnificent spectacle, and the scenic spots left by our ancestors have worked hard;" Folklore is called a model, and later generations strive to continue to write a new chapter. " Inscription couplets are vivid, as if showing the world a historical picture of vicissitudes of life. "The clear stream on the roadside flows under the bridge, like a thick history book, as if telling the historical changes of five or six centuries.
As soon as I entered the village, I found Zhang's 22nd generation grandson, a retired doctor of traditional Chinese medicine. Talking about his ancestors, he immediately showed an expression of absolute pride. His lingering voice began to tell, from Zhang beautiful natural landscape and legendary fairy tales to simple folk customs and unique cultural phenomena. He said that during hundreds of years in the local area, the Zhang family attached importance to morality, sought unity, read poetry and books, showed courtesy and righteousness, attacked martial arts and cultivated mulberry. They didn't pretend to be famous families in the south of the Yangtze River, nor did they bully their neighbors with big houses. Respecting filial piety and being kind to neighbors are called "filial piety".
He said that the big house people have been studying for generations, and the books are around the beam, and the style of writing is prosperous, forming their own unique farming and reading culture. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were 45 Jinshi, 33 students, 6 tribute students, 7 tribute workers 1 person, 7 juren, Jinshi 1 person, and Doctor Zhong Xian 1 person. Among them, brothers were on the tiger list, and there were many literary winners between grandparents and grandchildren, leaving many stories.
After the founding of New China, there are even more talented people. According to the statistics of 200 1, there are more than 300 college students, including postdoctoral and doctoral supervisors studying in Britain 1, doctoral students studying in the United States 1, experts and professors1,and many politicians at or above the county level.
Zhang's life story is still a mystery. According to the tombstone records of later generations, it is speculated that he was born in the first year of Zhiyuan in Shun Di (1335) and died in the fifth year of Emperor Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1407). According to the genealogy, Zhang was originally from Jiangxi, and served as the commander of the Ming Dynasty (equivalent to today's military commander), and was in Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty. He compiled a genealogy that can be passed down to 34 generations of descendants: "The literature is moderate, the career is prosperous, and his successor is Chang Tong, the book is always vibrating, Fuze Dunchong, famous for a hundred generations, and Lu Weiguanglong." Its Confucianism, which goes deep into the essence, inspires and expects future generations, which can be seen from the proofreading. With the passage of time, the Zhang family is getting bigger and bigger, so it is named Zhang Hou's person.
In the past 500-600 years, Zhang people have thrived here and passed on to the 25th generation, forming a large family with more than 10,000 people. This house has more than 2,200 people and has become a natural village. The rest live all over the country. There are more than 650 farmers in this village, old and young. Men and women, old and young, respect order and live a peaceful and quiet pastoral life. At present, there are 5 1000 square meters of ancient buildings, 206 patios, 237 halls and 0/732 houses.
Standing on the dragon-shaped mountain, Mr. Wang pointed out to me that the overall design of Zhangfu embodies the important philosophical thought of "harmony between man and nature" in China traditional culture. The location of the big house is surrounded by mountains, and the dragon-shaped mountain is in the north, which is the gathering place of the so-called "Long Mai" in geomantic omen. Mansion architecture is a model of settling down by mountains and rivers.
I walked to the village while discussing the topic of folk houses and geomantic omen with him. I am amazed at the people in this village, who live so aloof from the world. The big house is as quiet and beautiful as an ancient castle, and it covers this magical land like a maze. The villagers' faces are hung with serene and cheerful smiles, just like the river flowing quietly in front of the house, which works at sunrise and rests at sunset. There is no smoke of war, no secular disputes. Five or six hundred years later, people are still the same. People live the pastoral life that philosophers yearn for and live according to their own life trajectory.
Go deep into the ancient village and marvel at the ingenuity of the building.
The whole Zhangguying Village consists of more than a dozen gatehouses, such as Dangdamen, Dongtouan, Xitouan, Julongwan, Shidamen, Wangjia, Shangxinwu, Changsha, Fengshuwu, Xiaxinwu, Hefeng and Panjiachong, which constitute a huge single-family residential compound. Buildings are not only a close whole, but also buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Each building has rigorous gates, high walls, square bricks, blue tile roofs, cross-shaped halls and connected alleys.
Perhaps influenced by the dragon culture, the Eight Ancestors Sinangong chose the dragon-shaped mountain in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1593- 1600) and created the main building as the gate. Now it is well preserved, and the cornice bucket arch is obviously different from the buildings preserved in other places in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, maintaining a strong architectural style in the Ming Dynasty. There is a fireworks pool (longan) on both sides of the gate, which can prevent fire and looks spectacular. A jade belt water flows through the front door and flows into the Weixi River, guarding the big house in the middle. There are "splayed bridges" (ichthyosaur whiskers) on both sides of the bridge, and the streams under the bridge are endless, forming a complete water supply system with the surrounding wells, providing inexhaustible water sources for residents' life and production.
In the middle of the paddy field in front of the central axis of the gate 100 meters, there lies a round boulder (Yulong Zhu), which, together with the dragon-shaped mountain behind the big house, forms a natural three-dimensional picture of "Dragon Play Pearl", symbolizing good luck. When there are lions and elephants on both sides in front of the gate (feng shui tells lions and elephants to close the door), it means gathering wind and gas. The gate is made of four granite blocks, facing Bijia Mountain, and the portal is engraved with "Tai Chi Map", which symbolizes the nature of Yin and Yang and the peace of the four seasons. A pair of regular script couplets hung above the huge circular gates on both sides, representing the farming culture and family style of Zhangguying Village. Above the lintel hung the word "Dangmen" in regular script, and the second one was engraved with a gold plaque "Wen Kui", which was given by Huang Zhang and Zhang Bing during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty.
Stepping into the high stone threshold, facing the courtyard, along the central axis of the big house is a very spacious hall (main hall), with four wells and five halls (four patios and five halls), carved beams and painted buildings, and finally entering the hall, which is solemn and majestic. It's an ancestral temple, and there is a statue of the ancestor Gu Ying Gong on the shrine. The east and west sides of the building are built on the ground, with 3-4 lateral branches extending symmetrically, which is a "Feng"-shaped structure, that is, the horizontal hall (side hall), which consists of 3-5 entrances. The hall is spacious and the patio is symmetrical. Each group of halls has obvious functions, such as offering sacrifices, celebrating weddings, holding meetings, or entertaining.
I am even more amazed at the grandeur of the buildings here, the unique planning and the ingenious design. From a distance, the eaves corridors are connected, and the pavilions are uneven; Close look at the patio, the roads are vertical and horizontal. Its wonderful layout, secluded lanes, mysterious patios, exquisite carvings and paintings, and the god of materials are called five wonders. Its coordination of ventilation and passage is unique, and its wonderful lighting and drainage are amazing. The structure of each independent room is roughly the same. The main hall and the horizontal hall are composed of several units, and each unit consists of a patio, a semi-open hall and a wing with closed sides. There are screen doors, eaves galleries and alleys in the middle. Divide it into your own courtyard, combine it into one, and walk through it, sunny but not sunny, rainy but not wet shoes. The main hall and its wings on both sides are used by the elders, and the side hall is occupied by each room in the family and each small family in the younger generation.
Indoor and outdoor windows, door beams, screen doors, etc Decorated with traditional wood carving and stone carving techniques in China, some of which are old objects from the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. Although they have gone through years, they are still intact. There are many folklores carved in woodcuts and stone carvings of buildings, with concise strokes, clear lines and vivid images. For example, Shun Geng Li Mountain on the archway hangs a corner to attack books; On the girder, two dragons play with pearls, and the phoenix dawns; The Eight Immortals of Shamen crossed the sea, and Shiro visited his mother. Magpie and plum blossom on the window, bat (blessing) and crane (longevity); On the stage, carp yue longmen, Kirin sent the son; Flo Xi Shou is on the stone surface of the patio, etc. Skilled and vivid. Among them, when the gate is connected with the hall next to the official hall, eight horses are the most impressive, which can be considered as representative works of wood carving and stone carving and have quite high artistic value. The eight horses in the picture are plump and lifelike, or hold their heads high and scream, or play with each other, or gallop with their heads high. It shows the peace and prosperity of the stable south mountain and the vitality and prosperity of this big family.
All the buildings are connected by deep corridors. The unique 62 Lane twists and turns, extending in all directions and connecting households. The longest alley 153 meters, with a total length of 1495 meters, connects the whole house, and you can almost walk through every household in the village without leaving the gate. In addition, the roadway has become some fire barriers. When a fire breaks out, people can climb directly onto the roof, uncover the tiles in the 80 cm wide roadway by hand, and let the flame go up, that is, cut off the fire source and avoid the spread of the fire. Before liberation, the main hall of Shidamen was destroyed by fire. Fortunately, there are lanes on both sides, saving the adjacent houses.
The direct light from the patio has an inexplicable mysterious effect, which makes everything here more simple and elegant. There are 206 patios in the big house, the big one is 22 square meters and the small one is 2 square meters. The average cost of each patio is more than 3000 yuan. The patio consists of four rectangular granite strips, with blue slate at the bottom and drainage tunnel on the side. For hundreds of years, there have been many storms and floods, and the big house has never been flooded. As for where the water is discharged, it is a mystery, and it is a miracle. In addition to drainage, patio also has functions such as lighting and ventilation. You can bathe in the sunshine on sunny days, and you can invite wine to enjoy the moon at night, which is very artistic on the stage. You can experience the four seasons changes in the outside world without leaving home.
Mr. Wang mysteriously told me that Zhang's tomb is on a hill in the southeast, like a huge bull's head. The mountains on both sides are like two tall guards, such as the "gatekeeper lion". In front of it is a deep pool where two streams meet. The whole terrain is called "Taurus exploring the sea", which is a treasure trove of geomantic omen. Zhang's graveyard was built on the forehead of this golden bull, which means that future generations are blessed!
Walking into Zhangguying Village, stepping on the deep ancient road paved with stone slabs, shuttling through the winding cloisters, walking into the tall gate, touching the stone pillars with a weight of more than 10,000 kilograms, visiting the patio with direct sunlight, looking around the carved windows, seeking a nostalgia, trying to see its past glory and prosperity, and tracing its ups and downs for hundreds of years. Unconsciously, the carved figures and immortals around the big house all retreated into a trance.
When people are in this huge ancient house that has bred more than 20 generations, they will feel that there is an ancient and distant story everywhere, a call of a long-standing pastoral culture. You will marvel at his rich historical and cultural heritage! It seems that the story of Peach Blossom Garden echoes in my ears, which makes people involuntarily integrate into the beautiful spiritual realm of life described by Fan, that is, "I am relaxed and happy, forget my humiliation, worry first and then rejoice", which makes people feel that life is short, so we should cherish today and love life and nature more!
Teacher Zhang told me that the layout of ancient buildings complements each other and embodies the philosophy of harmonious coexistence between man and nature; His family precepts of loyalty, filial piety and faithfulness explain the ethics of helping the whole family. Its concise and heavy customs reflect the simple charm of the moral concept of self-cultivation, live in groups, and the profound culture is concentrated in one village, which constitutes a "living fossil" for studying Huxiang Chu culture. Now it has become a location base for many influential film and television works, a good place for teachers and students in the art world to create sketches, an endless stream of academic visits and tourists, and the once quiet mountain city has gradually become lively.
In August of 200 1 year, it has been announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit, and the ancient buildings will be well protected, retaining the complete Ming Dynasty architectural complex, endless spirit and stories handed down from generation to generation.
In August, 2002, Zhangguying Village was ranked in the first batch of 1 1 "National Famous Historical and Cultural Villages" in the selection of "National Famous Historical and Cultural Villages and Towns" organized by the Ministry of Construction.