What is the history of Yuan Dynasty?
The Yuan Shangdu ruins are located on the Jinlianchuan grassland about 20 kilometers northeast of Zhenglan Banner. Because it is located on the north bank of the Luan River, it is also known as Luanyang and Luanjing.
Yuan Shangdu was the Xia capital of the Yuan Dynasty, the largest empire in world history. It was established by Kublai Khan, the grandson of Genghis Khan, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty, on the grasslands of northern China in the mid-13th century AD. It is the capital of the Yuan Dynasty. Beijing (today's Beijing) together constituted the two major capitals of the Yuan Dynasty. It was the political, economic, military and cultural center of China and even the world at that time. It was an international metropolis and was once as famous as Paris, Rome and other metropolises. It enjoys great influence on the Eurasian continent.
It was such a magnificent metropolis that was burned down by the peasant rebels in 1358. After several wars, it was finally abandoned and became "a ruin embracing a huge historical civilization." During the hundred years from its initial construction in 1256 to its burning in 1358, Shangdu in the Yuan Dynasty had a major impact on world history and Chinese history.
Although this ancient city has been destroyed by war, its influence is still very extensive. It is a physical witness of the glorious history of the Yuan Dynasty. It has unique historical, artistic and scientific value for studying the history of the Yuan Dynasty and Mongolian Yuan culture. It is not only a precious cultural heritage of the Chinese nation, but also a valuable heritage of people of all ethnic groups around the world. Therefore, the Yuan Shangdu site and its cultural landscape were identified as "Key Cultural Relics Protection Units of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region" in 1964 and as a "National Heritage Site" in 1988. "Key Cultural Relics Protection Unit" was included in the Chinese government's preliminary list of World Cultural Heritage to be submitted to the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Center in 1996, and is now actively applying.
In 2006, the Shangdu Site of the Yuan Dynasty was awarded:
It was rated as one of the "Top Ten Brands of National Ethnic Culture Tourism" by the Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China;
Evaluated as one of the “Top Ten Historical Places in Inner Mongolia” by the Propaganda Department of the Party Committee of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China and the Tourism Bureau of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region;
Recognized by the Zhenglan Banner Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Zhenglan Banner People The government jointly rated it as "Zhenglan Banner Patriotic Education Base".
A wonderful book!
A glorious history!
The Shangdu ruins of the Yuan Dynasty will carry the world’s attention with its rich cultural heritage and regain its glory! Rise again!
Yuan Shangdu was the capital of an unprecedented unified orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It was first built by Kublai Khan, the grandson of Emperor Genghis and the founder of the Yuan Dynasty. The city is located in the upper reaches of the Luan River in the north of today's Beijing. . This grassland capital founded by the equestrian people in northern my country is considered to be the product of a wonderful combination of the Central Plains farming culture and the grassland nomadic culture. Historians praise it as comparable to the ancient Italian city of Pompeii. After Meng Ge ascended the throne in 1251, Kublai Khan was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Han Dynasty in Monan as the emperor's brother. He went to Jinlianchuan with Mobei and Linnan, recruited celebrities from all over the world, and established the famous Jinlianchuan Mufu. . The establishment of the Jinlianchuan shogunate played an important role in Kublai Khan's governance of the Han Dynasty and even the unification of all China. In 1256, Kublai Khan ordered Liu Bingzhong to select a site and build a city here, which was initially named Kaiping Mansion. The city was built in 1259. In March 1260, Kublai Khan ascended the throne of the Great Mongol Empire here and became the founding emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. Shizu made Kaiping Mansion his capital. In May 1264, Shizu founded Dadu (today's Beijing). He ordered Kaiping Prefecture to raise Shangdu to replace Mobei Helin. He changed Yanjing to Zhongdu, later also called Dadu, and established a system of patrolling the two capitals. Shangdu was Xiadu, together with Dadu of the Yuan Dynasty, constituted the two capitals of the Yuan Dynasty. Today, there are three transportation lines between Beijing and Shangdu. Every April, the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty came to Shangdu, and in September Qiuliang returned to Dadu. The emperor's stay in Shangdu lasted for half a year. During the period when the emperor was in Shangdu, all government departments were assigned to handle important government affairs. In addition, the emperor had to go hunting and have fun, and he also held court meetings with the Mongolian kings and nobles. and traditional sacrificial activities.
According to records, Yuan Shangdu once had a population of 110,000, with a city wall of more than 8 kilometers. There were about 60 official offices in the city, more than 160 temples and temples, and post roads extending in all directions. , is the transportation hub between Mobei and the Central Plains. The city is composed of three walls: the palace city, the imperial city, and the outer city. The palace city is in the middle and north of the imperial city, with Donghua, Xihua, and There are three Yutian Gates, and the city walls are covered with bricks. Among them, the Yutian Gate in the south is the most important. It is on a central axis with the Mingde Gate, the south gate of the imperial city, and is the main way in and out. The imperial edicts issued by the emperor must be at It was announced on Yutianmen and then sent to the capital, and then forwarded to all provinces across the country. The main palaces, government offices, and palaces were built in the palace city.
The palace city has the Crystal, Daming, and Hongxi Halls, the Da'an, Yanchun, and other pavilions, and the Huayan, Qianyuan, and other temples. There are also springs and pools flowing through the palace city, and the garden features are very obvious. Da'an Pavilion is the most important building in the palace and a symbol of the capital city. It was built by Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty who transferred materials from the Xichun Pavilion in Nanjing of the Jin Dynasty in Bianliang (Kaifeng). It was built in 1266. The imperial city is in the southeast corner of the city, with bricks and stones built outside the city walls, temples, Chinese studies and some large buildings In the imperial city, the northern part of the outer city is where the royal garden and the golden-domed tent "Brown Hair Hall" are located. Outside the city, there are adjacent wings in the east, south and west. It has a large area and many architectural ruins, including civilian residences and businesses. Shops, craftsmen, and warehouses are mainly concentrated in the Guanxiang area. In spring, summer, and autumn every year, the outside of Shangdu City is more prosperous than the inside of the city. There are hundreds of thousands or even millions of floating people in the city, and there are dozens of kilometers in the west of the city. For ten miles around, the buildings are mainly palaces and tents. There is also a large imperial garden with a radius of 25 kilometers. There are many temples, palaces and other buildings in the northern suburbs. In 1358, the Red Scarf Army captured Shangdu and burned down the palace. It has not yet been restored. It was exactly 100 years ago when Shangdu was at its most glorious. So far, the ruins of Shangdu are well preserved and are of great value to the study of ancient Chinese capitals.