Empress nantang

Li Yu-Li Yu became a versatile poet after the national subjugation, that is, the Queen of Southern Tang Dynasty. The real name is Jia Cong, born in Xuzhou (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu). He was the sixth son of the Southern Tang Dynasty, and was called Li Houzhu in history. His grandfather was Li Yang, the founding emperor of the Southern Tang Dynasty. Li Yu was different from others since he was a child, especially in appearance, rich forehead and teeth, and heavy eyes. According to the fortuneteller, he is very rich. Li Yu is versatile, not only outstanding in writing, but also good at painting and calligraphy, with profound attainments. In addition, he is kind, so he is loved by everyone. According to the general order, he didn't have a chance to be emperor, but all his five brothers died young, so Li Yucai was named the king of Wu, the prince and the heir to the throne. A few years before Li Yu succeeded to the throne, the national situation in the Southern Tang Dynasty declined. His father finally ceded the territory of Jiangbei under the powerful offensive of the Later Zhou Dynasty, and the Southern Tang Dynasty and the Later Zhou Dynasty confronted each other across the Yangtze River. However, in the face of the strong development momentum of the later Zhou Dynasty, the Southern Tang Dynasty just followed the fate and was unable to recover the defeat. After the young emperor was established in the Northern Song Dynasty, Li Yu's father moved the capital of the Southern Tang Dynasty to Nanchang and established Du Nan. He and the Minister of Civil and Military Affairs moved there, leaving Prince Li Yu in Jinling. A few months later, Li Yu's father died of illness and Li Yu officially succeeded to the throne at the age of 25. Li Yu believed in Buddhism and was used by the emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty. Li Yu used the money from the palace to recruit monks. There are as many as ten thousand monks in Jinling. After Li Yu retired from the DPRK, he and the queen put on monk's clothes and recited scriptures. The monk committed a crime and was not punished according to law. Instead, he was asked to recite Buddha and was pardoned. When the Emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty heard about it, he chose a young man who was eloquent, clever and eloquent, and went to Li Houzhu to discuss life and life with him. Li Houzhu believed in it and thought it was a rare real Buddha. Since then, he has paid little attention to the country and the border guards, but has been chanting Buddhism all day. Li Yu is essentially a scholar and a talented poet. He is very interesting and pays attention to luxury and ostentation. His calligraphy, painting and articles are excellent. In short, he is an excellent scholar. But in the position of emperor, he didn't have the heroism and ambition to unify the whole country like the emperor, especially Zhou Shizong, so he was not interested in military affairs. Even if a general mentioned it, he tried to suppress it. Lin, who stayed, said that he was willing to lead tens of thousands of people to the north to recover the old land. Lin also drew up an excuse for Li Yu: when the war started, Li Yu sent a message that Lin had defected, letting the Song Dynasty know that if things succeeded in the future, it would be the country's. If they failed, Li Yu would kill his family and Li Yu would not have to bear any responsibility. In this way, Li Yu has thought of an excuse plan, but he didn't agree. All he knows is chanting Buddha, adding words, living in a drunken dream and waiting for death. In the second week, he didn't dare to go to war with the north, even the weak wuyue in the east. Lu Jiang once said to him, "wuyue is our enemy, and he will definitely attack us with the Song Dynasty in the future and be his accomplice. We should kill him first to avoid future trouble. " Li Yu said, "wuyue was a vassal of the Northern Dynasties. How can it act rashly and send troops to attack? " Lu Jiang said: "I ask your Majesty to denounce it in the name of territorial rebellion, and then ask wuyue for reinforcements. When their reinforcements arrive, your Majesty will send troops to stop them, and then I will lead the troops to sneak attack and destroy wuyue in one fell swoop. " Li Yu didn't listen at all. The minister of civil and military affairs had to wait with him for the Northern Song army to clean up the Southern Tang Dynasty. After the demotion and stability of the Southern Han Dynasty destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty, Li Yu was extremely afraid. He gave the above list to Song Taizu, changed the state of Tang to the south of the Yangtze River, and then downgraded the regime himself. His book was not called imperial edict, but was renamed fatwa, and the central administrative agency was also renamed, such as Shangshu Province, which was renamed Sihuifu. Although I don't like put in order's armament and the Northern Expedition, Li Yu's ci has made great achievements. His father is very talented, and his words are well supplemented. Under the influence of his father and the rich cultural environment at that time, Li Yu's ci rose to a new height. In addition, Feng Yansi, his favorite minister, was also good at adding ci, and learned skills from the monarch and the minister, and finally completed the territory study. However, his ci achievements occupied a very important position in the history of ancient China literature. Summarizing Li Yu's ci, we can find a rule, which is divided into three stages. The first is to describe the luxury and affairs in the palace, the second is to reflect the extremely sad mood, and the third is to write words reflecting the feelings of national subjugation when under house arrest after national subjugation. This is the highest achievement of Li Yu's ci, but he died soon. Among the words describing the extravagant life of the court, Yumenchun is a masterpiece: makeup Xiaoming, spring palace flowers filed. The sound of bagpipes breaks the clouds and clouds, and a song "Nishang" rushes all over. Who smells better in the breeze? Drunk and patting the railing without cutting. When you come back, don't dye the candle red. Only when you step on the horseshoe can you clear jathyapple. There is also a song called "Huanxisha": the red sun is three feet high, the golden stove adds fragrance to the beast, and the red brocade lichen wrinkles every step. Beauty dances with golden hairpin, wine can't smell flowers, and other halls can smell flute and drum. As the king of a country, Li Yu has also implemented some benevolent measures to reduce taxes and relax penalties, which should be affirmed. However, if he does not advance or retreat in the face of strong enemies, he is actively preparing for war. Instead, he drowned his sorrows by drinking and allowed the country to decline. The historical situation is one of the reasons, but it is artificial. As long as he works hard, everything will get better. Later, the Northern Song Dynasty sent troops to attack, and the Southern Tang Dynasty was able to resist for more than a year, which showed that the country still had great strength after a long period of economic development. If Li Yu worked as hard as post-Zhou Shizong, Nantang would not resist the painful ending of falling into national subjugation and being captured in just one year. Li Yu didn't make great efforts, but she drowned her sorrows with wine. However, the level of words written under this true emotion is still very high. The representative word in this respect is "Qingpingle": Don't come in the middle of spring, it's heartbreaking. The order of autumn may be like snow in the snow, brush it off and then flow down full. Hongyan has flown back, the journey is far away, and the dream is hard to come true. The sadness of parting is like weeds in spring, which go further and further. There is also a song "Hui Huan": There is nothing to say when you go to the West Building alone, the moon is like a hook, and the lonely phoenix tree locks the autumn in the deep courtyard. Cut constantly, the reason is still chaotic, in order to leave sorrow, the in the mind has a special taste. Although wine can wash away sorrow temporarily, a few pots of wine can't wash away the army in the Northern Song Dynasty, and bad luck has finally come. In the autumn of the seventh year of Kaibao (AD 974), Zhao Kuangyin sent messengers to invite Li Yu to Kaifeng. Li Yu knew that she would never come back when she went, so she said she was ill and didn't go. Soon, in winter, Zhao Kuangyin's army crossed the Yangtze River and surrounded Jinling. The frontline soldiers fought to the death, and Li Yu also wrote a poem "Linjiang Fairy" in the palace: cherry leaves in spring, butterflies flying over the pink powder, son-in-law crying in the west of Xiaolou, and jade hooks hanging down. Don't be lonely in the alley, hope that the smoke will fade away. The stove is fragrant and idle, and the phoenix is empty. In retrospect, I hate Yiyi. It is said that before the first sentence was finished, Song Jun captured Jinling, and the last three sentences were added later. In the twelfth lunar month, Li Yu became a prisoner in the Northern Song Dynasty. Later, he was escorted to Kaifeng, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. Didn't kill Li Yu, because he used to be a courtier of Song Dynasty. On the contrary, he was sentenced to disobedience. In fact, he is a veritable conquered person who enjoys advanced treatment. Li Yu-became a poet after national subjugation. Unfortunately, the old country was fortunate to be a poet and a prisoner. Li Yu's life has undergone earth-shaking changes. Although he has no worries about food and clothing, his identity is different after all, and he cannot live and enjoy as he pleases. Coupled with the pain of national subjugation, all these personal experiences are integrated into Li Yu's poems, thus giving birth to the most touching and accomplished works in the history of ci poetry. There are three most representative words in this respect. One is "young beauty": when is the spring flower and autumn moon? What do you know about the past! The small building was easterly again last night, and the old country could not bear to look back on the moon. Carved fences made of jade should be particularly good, but Zhu Yan changed them. How much sadness can you have? Like a river flowing eastward. The second is "Tidying up the Sand": the rain outside the curtain is gurgling, and the spring is fading away. Allred-rochow is too cold to stand. I don't know if I am a guest in my dream, but I am greedy and happy all day! Lonely, not relying on fences, infinite mountains and rivers! It's easier to see when it's not. The running water is gone, the spring is gone, heaven and earth! The third is "broken array": in the past 40 years, the country has traveled three thousand miles. How many times did you know each other because of a fight? Once classified as a minister, I bent down and pressed my temples. On the day when he resigned from the temple in a hurry, Jiao Fang still played farewell songs and cried for Gong E. At the end of his life, Li Yu's ci reached its peak, and his ci was pure natural without any traces of carving, which could be described as uncanny workmanship. Poetry with high achievements in past dynasties is a combination of emotion and artistic techniques. Ordinary poems are either too popular or too obscure, which can't make readers understand his feelings smoothly. Li Yu's poems deify these two factors, but his spoken language contains feelings that are difficult for ordinary people to possess and understand. It can be said that Li Yu's poetry has reached the highest level and achieved the highest artistic achievement. It opened up a new field of vision for the development of Ci in Song Dynasty. Li Yu's Ci school was made by Ci, but the poem Yu Meiren, which was sung through the ages, also sent him to the west. On Tanabata night, Li Yu was depressed, so she asked the geisha to play music loudly and everyone could hear it outside. Song Taizong was very angry when he learned about it. He also heard that Li Yu's words included "the east wind blew in the small building last night" and "a river flows eastward", which made him even more angry. That night, he sent poison to Li Yu. Li Yu was only 42 when he died. Li Yu indulged Zhou Xiao, and later Li Yu and Zhou Xiao were defeated by Zhao Kuangyin, and Li Yu and Zhou Xiao were captured. Ye Zhao was jealous of her beauty, murdered Li Yu, and then died of double suicide. Like him, Meng Changjun, the master of Shu in the Five Dynasties, was also a monarch who loved poetry, the moon, flowers and "Mrs. Huarui". Later, Meng Chang and Mrs. Hua Rui were also ruined by Zhao Kuangyin. He and his wife, Hua Rui, also met the same fate as Li Yuhe, but Mrs. Hua Rui began to pretend to obey and later attempted to assassinate Zhao He.