What is the structure of a typhoon and how is the energy of its parts distributed?

At the lower level, typhoons mainly flow into low-pressure inflow. Due to the angular momentum balance, strong wind speed is generated in the inner region and anticyclonic airflow is generated in the upper layer. Strong upward movement connects the upper and lower circulation, which is the main feature of typhoon circulation.

The warmest temperature in a typhoon is caused by the sinking movement, which occurs just inside the edge of the eye wall, where the sinking movement is the strongest. Convergence is strongest at the maximum wind speed radius in the lower layer of typhoon, which varies with height and is located in the eye wall. In addition, the asymmetry of typhoon structure is also an attractive feature. The analysis shows that there is obvious asymmetry in the inner and outer areas of the typhoon, which plays an important role in the development of the typhoon and the transportation of momentum and kinetic energy.

Typhoon is a powerful dynamic energy in the atmosphere, so it should have an important impact on the change and maintenance of atmospheric circulation in terms of energy. On the issue of energy, it is also pointed out that the horizontal vortex transport of angular momentum is very important in the peripheral area of typhoon. In addition, the generation and transport of momentum in the outer region is also very important, which should not be ignored in the typhoon energy budget. These are all related to the asymmetry of the typhoon. Generally speaking, a typhoon can be divided into three parts in the horizontal direction: typhoon periphery, typhoon main body and typhoon center. The periphery of the typhoon is a spiral cloud belt, generally 400-600 km in diameter, and sometimes it can reach 800- 1000 km.

Typhoon itself is a vortex area, also called cloud wall area, which is composed of some tall convective clouds, with a diameter of 200 kilometers in general and sometimes up to 400 kilometers. From the center of the typhoon to the eye of the typhoon, its diameter is generally 10-60 km, with the largest exceeding 100 km and the smallest less than 10 km. Most of them are round, and some are oval or irregular. Typhoon is vertically divided into inflow layer, middle layer and outflow layer. The inflow layer is from the sea surface to the height of 3 km, and the outflow layer is from the height of 3-8 km to the middle layer and from the height of 8 km to the typhoon top.