How should succulents be planted and watered?
2. Inserting leaves: Hypertrophic leaves are often placed on a slightly wet sand bed or loose soil surface, which will soon take root, and adventitious buds will grow at the base of the leaves to form small plants, such as Tianzhu, Shi Lian and Daye.
3. Stem cutting: During the propagation of succulent plants, the branches are cut into sections for cutting, such as desert rose, Zi Long horn, Rosa davurica, Caiyunge, etc. Desert rose, African overlord tree, breeze, etc. White milk will flow from the wound. Be sure to clean them before cutting and dry them slightly for better results.
4. Root cutting: For rare varieties of Liliaceae, the roots are thick and developed. Cut off the mature fleshy roots and bury them in the sand bed, keeping the upper part slightly exposed, so that new buds germinate from the top of the roots and form complete small plants.
5. Grafting: In succulents, grafting is often used to propagate spotted brocade and improve varieties. Such as overlord whip as rhizome, grafting spring peak; Horse teeth browse the tree as a rhizome and graft the dance of elegant music; The grafted African overlord tree was decorated with African overlord tree as rootstock; Using rhinoceros horn as rootstock and grafting Zi Long horn has a good ornamental effect. But in the process of grafting, because the plant contains white emulsion, it is sticky. Therefore, the grafting operation should be fast and skilled in order to succeed.
6. ramet: ramet is the simplest and safest way to breed succulents. As long as it is a rosette leaf or a cluster of succulents, it can be propagated through its buds, stems, bulbs, tubers and small plants, and it can be carried out when changing pots in spring. Of course, among the succulents, there are varieties with spotted brocade, such as Phnom Penh Huweilan, Raytheon Princess Brocade, Sleepless Brocade and Green Jade Fan Brocade. , must be branched and propagated to maintain the purity of its varieties.
Preparation before planting
Please prepare these before planting: humus soil, small gravel (used to decorate the basin surface and keep it clean) and coal stove balls.
Pulverize coal furnace balls, remove oversize blocks, sieve out fine powder, rinse off the fine powder with water, dry in the sun, and then mix with humus soil to keep it loose and breathable.
Seed transportation
Key words of river basin-"dry"
It is best to buy meat without soil, which has several advantages: (1) You can observe the quality of the root system; Prevent the introduction of soil diseases and insect pests; Provide your own planting materials; Convenient transportation and so on. It is best not to buy exquisite finished ornamental meat pots, because not all planting materials are correct, pots are too expensive and inconvenient, and the appearance of plants is generally not good-looking. Don't let the shopkeeper help you take the pot home, because the damaged roots of the plants on the pot are not dried and planted directly, and the bumps on the road are easy to rot and die.
After buying back naked meat, trim the roots (there are many sayings about this process, and novices will cut some weak roots slightly), then put them in the shade to dry (this process is extremely important, and the invisible wounds such as plant surfaces and roots will gradually heal in a few days), take out the prepared pots, soil and spatula, plant them well, gently compact them, spread a layer of gravel on the surface, and water or soak them (some people say not to water them in a hurry, but actually dry them) Leave it for a week or two. In the meantime, don't let the sun dry until it is dehydrated. Weak sunlight can make plants return to their natural state more quickly, and then put them in the sun for normal maintenance after survival.
Maintenance keyword-"drying"
There are many places to pay attention to in conservation, but the most important thing is to get sunshine. Healthy "meat" is dried. The most common reason why new hands raise meat to death is to put it next to a dark learning computer, which is euphemistically called "absorbing radiation". But for meat, ventilation is very important, and hunger, hot spots and freezing points are not too big problems. The most important thing is to get sunshine.
Vermicelli basin
There are different opinions about turning over the pot. Many people suggest turning pots every two years for reasons such as renewing soil, pruning roots and promoting growth. Some people think that turning the pot too often is also due to the root cause. They think that every time the roots are pruned, the plants will become "weak".
Fertilization of succulent plants:
Fertilization of succulents can be divided into two categories: base fertilizer and topdressing. Generally, base fertilizer is directly mixed into the soil when planting, such as plant ash, bone meal, shell powder, decomposed livestock manure, cake fertilizer, etc. In addition, there are some synthetic slow-release granular fertilizers, which can be placed on the surface of basin soil to slowly release nutrients for plants to absorb. Clean and sanitary, good effect, can be used in Vientiane, jade fans and so on. Topdressing should be carried out according to the differences of different varieties and growth periods.
Newly planted plants should not be fertilized within one month, and plants with weak growth should not be fertilized. For most succulents, fertilizer can be applied once every half a month, slow-growing varieties can also be applied once a month, and some extremely slow-growing varieties can even be exempted from fertilization. Don't water for a few days before fertilization. When the soil in the basin is basically dry, loosen the soil on the first day and apply fertilizer on the second day to facilitate the absorption of plant roots. Except for a few varieties such as Ye Xianxue, the osmotic pressure of most succulents is very low, so the concentration of fertilizer and water must not be too high. The types of fertilizers should vary according to the varieties and growth stages of plants. Generally, plants with small seedling stage, fleshy leaves and green color can apply more nitrogen fertilizer, while varieties with spherical, columnar, red, yellow or other non-green leaves should apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and plants with fleshy stems should apply more potassium fertilizer. The organic fertilizer can be water fermented bean cake, sesame cake, chicken manure, pigeon manure, bone meal, etc. No matter what kind of fertilizer is fully decomposed, it can only be used after being diluted with water.
Inorganic fertilizers such as urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium superphosphate, as well as various compound fertilizers sold in the market and special fertilizers for family flower cultivation, can also be used when plants are growing vigorously, but the concentration should be low and the frequency should be less, otherwise the soil will harden and the plant growth will be affected, but the loss will outweigh the gain. But rotten eggshells, soybean milk, fresh milk, bacon soup and bones are not allowed. Be careful not to splash fertilizer solution on plants when applying fertilizer.
Juicy water method
The fleshy watering method has been puzzling flower lovers, with more rotten roots and less water shortage. How much succulents are watered is related to many factors: regional climate, weather, season, temperature, ventilation, succulents' habits, soil, flowerpot material, daily sunshine time, placement position, succulents' state, succulents' size and so on.
Water shortage signal
Whether it is a succulent plant in desert or mountainous area, there is a lot of water in its stems and leaves, so the amount of water must not be too much. Moreover, succulents will consume the water of their leaves to supply the needed nutrients in the case of very short of water, and then the leaves at the bottom will slowly dry up; In addition, the leaves of apricot trees and some Sedum plants wrinkle when they are short of water; Other succulent leaves will soften when they are short of water, which is their watering signal.
When the leaves are wrinkled or softened, they will recover immediately the next day after watering, and the recovery speed will be slower on the third day. If it doesn't recover after watering for a long time, it must be that the root system is broken and the plants can't absorb dehydration.
However, sometimes the leaves wrinkle and become soft, which is not necessarily a lack of water. This needs to be judged according to your usual watering time and recent weather conditions. Generally speaking, if there is water shortage, the leaves will be full the next day if you water them that night. But if you don't change your state for a few days after watering, you need to pay attention. This situation is generally that the root system of the plant has not grown, or the original root system has rotted. At this time, you can pull the meat out of the soil, clean up the roots, and put it into dry soil for planting.
Watering time: it is best to water in the evening or afternoon in spring, summer and autumn, and it is best to water at noon in winter, because the temperature is too low. When watering, water along the edge of the flowerpot, so as not to splash water on the leaves. Try to avoid water flowing into the center of the blade to form stagnant water, which will gather sunlight to one point like a magnifying glass and directly burn the blade. If you accidentally fall to the center of the blade, you can blow off the water droplets or dry them with a paper towel.
Watering interval: on the first day of admission, it is indeed possible to water regularly, such as once a week and once a month-although this way can make most succulents survive, it is not very good. Because the weather is changeable, the need and the material of the flowerpot also determine the evaporation of water, and there are many other factors mentioned above, which make it impossible to generalize the watering interval. Here are some of the more important ones to explain, which is also the experience I have summed up over the years.
Regional climate and watering: I always think this is the most important condition to determine the growth of succulents. Although meat can be raised all over the country, if you are lucky enough to live in a climate suitable for the growth of succulents, you can save a lot of thought and time, and succulents can grow well themselves. Take summer in Weihai, Shandong Province as an example. The highest temperature in 20 12 years is only 30 degrees, and the duration is only about 10 days, and then it drops to above 23C-28℃ degrees every day. And because it is a coastal city, there is a sea breeze blowing every day, and the actual temperature will be lower and very cool. For succulents, this climate almost directly skips the characteristics of dormancy in summer, and succulents are almost in a state of growth, so you can safely water them. However, the southern region is still a mild and hot climate above 35 degrees or even 40 degrees, especially in the southwest region, where the basin climate is very sultry and the wind speed is very small. This hot and humid environment will put succulents to sleep, so they can't be watered any more, so most succulents in the local area need to spend the summer without water. However, if water is cut off for a long time, it may dry up directly. You can add some water appropriately, such as adding water to the tray and spraying water when it is cold at night.
Weather change and watering: the weather forecast is now something I must watch every day, even several times a day, because this forecast will change. Looking at the weather forecast mainly includes several important information: sunny, rainy, cloudy, temperature and wind speed. This information determines whether to water in the next few days. If it rains continuously, the meat left outdoors won't need watering for the last two days. Rainy weather will also slow down the evaporation of water in the indoor succulent flower device, so the watering time can be relatively extended. On the contrary, if it is a continuous sunny day, and the wind speed is not bad (level 3-5) and the temperature is suitable (10 -30), you can water it frequently. However, this still needs to be judged according to the material of the flowerpot and the size of the succulent plant.
Material and watering of flowerpots: The fleshy flowerpots with the best ventilation are more suitable for raising, because there will be no waterlogging and death of plants. Even if it is dry, as long as the fleshy pot is not dead, the state will get better after watering, which is very suitable for novices. However, clay pots also have disadvantages, that is, the water evaporates too quickly, and the bottom of the flowerpot does not retain water, which will slow down the growth of succulents. Because there is not enough water to make the meat grow, the water evaporates before the meat is completely absorbed. Especially in summer, many flower lovers mistakenly think that the red pottery basin is breathable, and the dry environment is good for succulents, so simply not watering it directly leads to the death of succulents.