What does aclab mean in medicine?
Common reasons are:
(1) autoimmune diseases: scleroderma such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA);
(2) Virus infection: such as adenovirus, rubella virus, chickenpox virus, mumps virus, etc.
(3) Other diseases: such as mycoplasma system diseases;
(4) Oral administration of certain drugs, such as chlorpromazine and phenothiazine;
(5) A few normal people without obvious temperament diseases, especially the elderly.
1. antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) refers to a group of clinical signs caused by antiphospholipid antibodies (APL antibodies), mainly manifested as thrombosis, habitual abortion, thrombocytopenia, etc.
1. Thrombosis The most prominent manifestation of antiphospholipid syndrome is thrombosis, which can occur in arteries or veins. Among them, repeated deep vein thrombosis is the most common, including renal, retinal and inferior vena cava thrombosis, but arterial thrombosis is more threatening to patients. In the histopathology of SLE patients with ACA positive, it is found that non-inflammatory obstructive vascular disease is segmental, although the incidence is few, it is very serious.
Fetal pregnancy loss, recurrent spontaneous abortion and intrauterine stillbirth are positively correlated with ACA. Pregnant women with ACA positive rate are prone to repeated abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy, and fetal death in the middle and late trimester of pregnancy, especially those with medium and high ACA-IgG level.
3. The mechanism of fetal death caused by 3.ACA may be:
(1)ACA can decrease the level of PG 12 in myometrium of uterus, which makes placenta prone to infarction and leads to abortion.
(2)ACA causes placental vasculitis, which leads to fetal death due to insufficient oxygen supply and nutrition.
(3)ACA acts on placental thrombosis and vasoconstriction, and the placental blood flow decreases, leading to the infant's death from embarrassment.
4. Thrombocytopenia is one of the manifestations of APS. APL is an antibody against cell membrane, which can cause autoimmune hemolytic anemia. It has been reported that 30% of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura are positive. APL binds to platelet membrane phospholipids, which can activate platelets and accelerate their aggregation, thus leading to thrombocytopenia.
5. Other clinical manifestations: reticular macula is the most common skin manifestation of APS, and 80% patients have been interviewed. The neurological manifestations of non-stroke patients are often caused by small vessel embolic diseases, which can be mental disorders or transient ischemic attacks. The mechanisms of ACA causing neurological diseases are as follows:
(1) is a micro-infarction focus formed in brain tissue due to thrombosis, and in a few cases, a large infarction is formed in brain tissue due to arterial embolism, resulting in hemiplegia.
(2) ACA may cross-react with phospholipids of nerve cells, thus causing nervous system damage.
(3) 3) Neuropathy in SLE patients may be related to the destruction of blood-brain barrier caused by the inhibition of ACA on glial cells and the effects of ACA on nerve cells and nerve fibers.
Principles of treatment
1. Antiplatelet drug: aspirin.
2. Anticoagulation therapy; Warfarin and heparin
3. Chain acid for promoting fibrinolysis