The Vistula River in Poland turns into a glacier due to low temperatures. What are the characteristics of Poland’s climate?

The climate characteristic of Poland is that Poland is in the transition zone from oceanic climate to continental climate. It borders Germany and the Czech Republic to the east, west and south, and the Baltic Sea to the north. The terrain of Poland is high in the south and low in the north. Due to the influence of Atlantic air currents, northern and western Poland has warm winters, cool summers, and is humid year-round. Eastern Poland is affected by the dry airflow of the Eurasian continent and has a large temperature difference in winter. It has a typical continental climate.

The Polish climate is a temperate broad-leaf forest climate that transitions from oceanic to continental. The summer is warm, with the average temperature in July between 18 and 20°C. The winter is long and cold, with the average temperature in January between -5- Between 1°C and 1°C, the winter temperature is worse as you go north and east, and the shock plowing season there is 2 to 3 weeks shorter than in the south and west. Although much of the country has extended periods of snow, the heaviest precipitation occurs in the summer, when storms occur. Total precipitation is quite low on the plains, 485-635 mm, and high along the Baltic coast, up to 100 mm.

In Poland, there are an average of 300 days of cloudy weather a year. Poland has six seasons, in addition to the four seasons in Europe, Poland has more "early spring" and "early winter". Poland has winter from November to March every year, with December being the coldest month. The average temperature in winter is about 0℃. Poland has a flat terrain, with most of the land located in the Lower Pod Plain, slightly undulating, with an average altitude of 173 meters. Plains below 200 meters above sea level account for about 72% of the country. The terrain is high in the south and low in the north, with a concave center. There are many moraine lakes in the north, low hills in the south, and the Sudeten Mountains and Beskid Mountains near the Czech border. The lake area in the northeast is densely forested and not very populated. The main mountain ranges in Poland are the Carpathians and the Sudeten Mountains. The Carpathian Mountains form the border between Poland and the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Ukraine.

Poland is located in the middle of the European continent, in the northeastern part of Central Europe. The southernmost end is 49° 00° north latitude, the northernmost end is 54° 50° north latitude, the easternmost end is 24° 09° east longitude, and the westernmost end is 14° 08° east longitude. It borders Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine and the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad to the east and northeast, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Germany to the west, and the Baltic Sea to the north, opposite Sweden and Denmark. It is 649 kilometers long from north to south and 689 kilometers from east to west. The total length of the border is 3,538 kilometers, of which the coastline is 528 kilometers long.

With the exception of Gdansk, Poland’s Baltic Sea coast lacks natural harbors. Szczecin is an important port in northwestern Poland. The Vistula River (1,047 kilometers long) and the Oder River (742 kilometers long) are the main rivers in Poland, among which the Vistula River is the mother river of Poland. The Baltic Sea Basin accounts for 99.71% of the country, of which the Vistula River Basin accounts for 2/3 and the Oder River Basin accounts for 1/3. The middle and lower parts of the Oder River form the dividing line between Germany and Poland. In Poland, the largest lake is the 109.7 square kilometers of Lake Szynyardvi.