What was the final outcome of Xiaozhuang and Dorgon in history?
Empress Xiaozhuang Wen, surnamed Borjijit, named Bumbutai (or translated as Benbutai), was originally the second daughter of Mongolian Horqin Baylor Village Sang, born in the fourth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty. The eighth day of March in the eleventh year (1631). On December 25, Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang Wen died of illness at the age of seventy-five. Buried in the Zhaoxi Mausoleum outside the Feng Shui Wall of the Eastern Tomb of the Qing Dynasty.
Horqin Mongolia surrendered to Hou Jin earlier and married with Hou Jin to consolidate the political alliance between the two parties. In February of the tenth year of the Destiny of the Later Jin Dynasty (1625), Bumbutai, who was thirteen years old at that time, was accompanied by his brother Wu Keshan to Liaoyang, the new capital of the Later Jin Dynasty, and married the 34-year-old Huang Taiji, the eighth son of Nurhaci. , that is, a side room. As early as 11 years ago, her biological aunt Zhezhe had married Huang Taiji's first wife, Dafu Jin. Nine years later, in the eighth year of Tiancong (1634), Huang Taiji, who had inherited the throne, married her sister Hai. Lanzhu, so the three of them, aunt and nephew, work together with one husband.
After marriage, Bumu Butai gave birth to three daughters for Huang Taiji. In the third year of Tiancong (1629), the fourth daughter of the emperor was born, who was later named the eldest princess Gulun Yongmu; in the sixth year of Tiancong (1632), the fifth daughter of the emperor was born, who was later named the eldest princess Gulun Shuhui; the following year, she She gave birth to the emperor's seventh daughter, who was later named the eldest princess Gu Lun Duan Xian. The three princesses were married to the Mongolian nobles Bier Tahar, Sebuteng and Kangjierg respectively when they came of age.
In 1636, Huang Taiji changed the name of his country to the Qing Dynasty and proclaimed himself emperor in Shengjing (Shenyang). At the same time, he established the harem system and enfeoffed five concubines among his many wives and concubines. Bumbutai was named Zhuang Fei, ranking second in the West Palace - Yongfu Palace. The book awarded to her by Huang Taiji was written in Manchu, Mongolian and Chinese, with simple words: "...Zirben Butai, The daughter of the Mongolian Kingdom of Korqin, with a long-term relationship and a good nature, I have received a great treasure, and the marriage is imitated in ancient times. You are the royal concubine of Yongfu Palace. You are pure, filial and modest, and you will abide by the Queen's instructions. Don’t betray my fate.” Of course, Concubine Zhuang’s aunt Zhezhe is the queen in the middle palace, and her sister Hai Lanzhu, who entered the palace after Concubine Zhuang, was named Concubine Chen and was ranked second in the East Palace, Guanju Palace. Queen. The other two concubines of the Linzhi Palace in the West Palace and the concubines of the Yanqing Palace in the Second East Palace were originally the wives of Lindan Khan of Chahar Mongolia. Huang Taiji married her after he conquered the Chahar tribe, and made such an arrangement mainly for political reasons. considerations. Therefore, in the harem, the status of Concubine Zhuang's aunt and nephew is the most prominent. In addition to the elder sister Concubine Chen who is the most favored, the youngest Concubine Zhuang is also relatively favored. Especially in the first month of the third year of Chongde (1638), Concubine Chen's eighth son, whom Huang Taiji regarded as his heir, died in infancy. Concubine Zhuang coincidentally gave birth to the ninth son Fulin two days later, which further elevated her reputation. status.
Official documents from the Qing Dynasty stated that Concubine Zhuang had "assisted Emperor Taizong Wen", but during the period of Emperor Taizong Huang Taiji, it was unlikely that the young Concubine Zhuang had much exposure and achievements in politics. Only the popular story of "Concubine Zhuang's persuasion" paved the way for the later theory of "the Queen Mother's marriage". It seems that this smart and beautiful Concubine Zhuang was accustomed to playing beauty tricks. In the seventh year of Chongde (1642), during the great battle between Ming and Qing Dynasties, Hong Chengchou, the supreme commander of the Ming army outside Guan and governor of Jiliao, was defeated and captured, and was escorted to Shengjing. Huang Taiji desperately hoped that Hong Chengchou could surrender and be used for his use, so he sent Fan Wencheng and other Han officials to take turns to persuade him to surrender. However, Hong Chengchou seemed to be very determined and unmoved. He went on a hunger strike in prison and waited for death. Huang Taiji was so anxious that he was helpless. One night, the prison door opened slightly, and Concubine Zhuang came floating in. She put her hands into the ginseng soup. Her words moved Hong Chengchou, and he changed his mind. He prostrated himself under the pomegranate skirt and returned to the Qing Dynasty. Later, he made great contributions to the Qing Dynasty. This story has been vividly interpreted in many literary works. However, according to historical records, Hong Chengchou refused to surrender when he was captured, but Huang Taiji seized on his ideological weakness and personally succeeded in recruiting him to surrender.
On the ninth day of August in the eighth year of Chongde (September 21, 1643), Huang Taiji, who had been fighting all his life, died of illness. Because Huang Taiji did not designate a successor to the throne during his lifetime, a power vacuum appeared in the court, causing chaos among the kings competing for the throne. In the end, the various factions reached a compromise and made Fulin, who was only six years old, emperor. At this time, Fulin's biological mother, Concubine Zhuang, played an important role as one of the five concubines.
On August 26 (October 8), Fulin ascended the throne and changed his reign to Shunzhi. Concubine Zhuang was revered as the "Notre Dame Queen Mother".
Although Shunzhi was a willful emperor, under the supervision of Xiaozhuang, he was relatively excellent in all aspects of his studies. After he took office, Xiaozhuang still admonished and advised his words and deeds from time to time, which made him quite successful in politics. Unfortunately, Shunzhi died young. Xiaozhuang personally chose Xuan Ye, who was less than eight years old, to inherit the throne among the emperor's grandsons. He once again shouldered the important task of protecting and educating the young emperor, and his status was further promoted to the title of Empress Dowager. The total number is "Zhao Sheng, Ci Shou Gong Jian An Yi, Zhang Qing, Dun Hui, Wen Zhuang Kang and Ren Xuan Hong Jing, the Empress Dowager".
Xiaozhuang loved Kangxi very much. He kept him under his knees when he was young, and set aside his personal maid Sumala to take care of him. Of course, Xiaozhuang was also very strict with Kangxi's education. Kangxi later recalled, "Since I was a child, when I was learning to walk and talk, I was taught by my holy grandmother to have rules for eating, drinking, walking, walking, and speaking. Even though I lived alone, I was taught not to dare to deviate from the rules. Otherwise, I would be punished. Supervise and succeed. "In the complicated political situation in the early years of Kangxi, Xiaozhuang used her influence to balance various relationships, especially since she did not continue to choose from her mother's family, the Borjigit clan. Instead, she personally appointed Hesheli, the granddaughter of the chief minister Sony, as the queen. Using Sony to restrain the dedicated minister Aobai reflected her politician's broad-mindedness and insight. Kangxi's later success in eradicating Obai was also inseparable from Xiaozhuang's support. Kangxi lived up to his grandmother's painstaking efforts and expectations, and soon grew into a generation of accomplished British masters. He was also very filial to Xiaozhuang and had a very deep relationship with his grandparents. Xiaozhuang was very happy in his later years.
On December 25, the twenty-sixth year of Kangxi's reign (January 27, 1688), Xiaozhuang died at the age of seventy-five. When she was dying, she told Kangxi that Taizong's mausoleum had been enshrined for a long time and should not be touched lightly for me. Besides, I couldn't bear to leave you and my son in my heart, so she chose a place to bury me near your father's Xiaoling Mausoleum. Kangxi complied with the instructions and demolished the five rooms of the East Palace of Cining Palace, where Xiaozhuang lived during his lifetime, and built them at the foot of Changrui Mountain. They called them "Temporary Anfeng Palace" and kept them there. It was not until the third year of Yong Yong's reign (1725) that a cemetery was built on the spot where the temporary Fengfeng Hall was located, and he was buried in the underground palace. Because the mausoleum is located to the west of the Zhaoling Mausoleum of Emperor Taizong and Huang Taiji in Shengjing, it is called "Zhaoxiling Mausoleum". Zhaoxiling and Zhaoling echo each other from a distance. They are actually one and two, and two and one. If they are enclosed within the Feng Shui wall of Dongling, they will form a barrier. Therefore, it is natural that the mausoleum is built outside the Feng Shui wall, and there is no derogatory intention.