Geographical location of Fenghuang county

Fenghuang County is located in the western edge of Hunan Province, southwest corner of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, east longitude10918 ′ ~109 48 ′, north latitude 27 44 ′ ~ 2819 ′. It borders luxi county in the east, Jishou City and Huayuan County in the north, Mayang Miao Autonomous County in Huaihua area in the south and Songtao Miao Autonomous County in Tongren area in Guizhou province in the west. It is 66 kilometers long from north to south and 50 kilometers wide from east to west, with a total area of 1759.438+0 square kilometers. The terrain of Fenghuang County is complex, and the valley and hilly areas in the east and southeast corners are the first steps, mainly with low hills, hilly areas and some valley flats. The surface is cut and broken, and the valley is narrow and steep. Generally, it is below 500 meters above sea level, including Ganziping, Jixin, Qiaoxikou, Mujiangping, Guanzhuang, Nanhuashan, Xinchang, Liaojiaqiao, Qiliangqiao, Shuidatian, Ramramramon, Tuojiang Town and other places. The lowest elevation of Zhuzi Depression in Shuidatian Township170m. The surface materials are mainly red rocks, with some limestone and face rocks.

The middle zone from the northeast to the southwest is the second step, with an altitude of 500-800 meters, including Ciyan, Tea Farm, Yellow River, Alaying, ebb well, Machong, Li Du, Banpan, Qiangongping, Jiang Shan, Muli, Ermianyang, Huoluping, Sangong and a part of Datian, mainly distributed in middle and low mountains and plains.

The northwest mountainous area is the third step. Above 800 meters above sea level, including Miliang, Liubo, Heku, Lin Liang, Lal Mountain and some Ota and Migong. In these places, limestone covers 95% of the surface composition, and the surface fluctuates gently with a slope of 5 ~ 20 degrees. The marginal zone, with continuous peaks and steep valleys, belongs to Zhongshan type. Fenghuang county belongs to the humid climate of mid-subtropical monsoon, but the northwest mountainous area has the nature of north subtropical. Due to the difference in topography between northwest and southeast, the climate can be divided into three types. The first is the northwest alpine mountain area (the northern half of Lal Mountain and Jiang Shan District), with an altitude of more than 700 meters; The second type is warmer areas (Jixin district and southern suburbs), and the rest is the third type, which is between the two types. Generally, the temperature difference between alpine mountain areas and warmer areas is 5 ~ 6 degrees Celsius, and the solar term difference is about 15 days.

The county is located at the edge of the cloudy central area in China, with an average annual cloud cover of more than 80%, an average annual foggy day of 35 days and less sunshine. It is located in the low illumination central area in China and the low value central area in northwest Hunan, but it is still enough to meet the needs of normal crop growth.

The county is located in the low-heat area of western Hunan, with an annual average temperature of 15.9 degrees, and only 10.5 days for days longer than or equal to 35 days, with an annual average sunshine difference of 8.3 degrees.

Fenghuang County is located in the dry area on the east side of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, with an average annual rainfall of only 1308. 1mm, which is the least in the whole state and one of the dry areas in the whole province. However, due to the blocking and lifting effect of cloudy terrain in mountainous areas on warm air flow. The drought in La 'er mountain area is often lighter than that in the suburbs.

The county is windy in winter and southerly in summer. Therefore, influenced by atmospheric circulation, it shows the most obvious monsoon circulation. The water system in Fenghuang County belongs to the Yangtze River system, which traces back to the Yuanshui River system through Dongting Lake, and then to the Wushui or Chenshui River system. There are rivers, gullies 156 in the county, with a total length of 709 kilometers. Rivers are distributed in a dendritic shape from southwest to northeast, and there are 40 rivers with a basin area of more than 10 square kilometers or a main stream length of more than 5 kilometers. There are four main rivers.

Tuojiang River, the largest river in the county, is a first-class tributary of Wushui River, which has two sources: Wu Chao in the north, which originates from Nanshan Gorge in Dushan, Heku. The beach is dangerous and fast, and it rains gradually, making it difficult to travel. Tuojiang River runs through the middle of the county from west to east, and flows through 9 towns including La 'ershan, Machong, ebb tide well, Li Du, Nanhuashan, Tuojiang Town, Guanzhuang, Qiaoxikou and Mujiangping. The county seat is 96.9 kilometers long and the drainage area is 732.42 square kilometers. The annual average flow 1 1.89 cubic meters per second, and the natural height difference is 533 meters. Wanrong River is in the north of the county seat, which is a secondary tributary of dancing water. The county flows through seven towns including Jiang Shan, Two Sheep, Huoluping, Muli, Jixin, San Arch Bridge and Ganziping, with a total length of 38.7 kilometers, a drainage area of 290.2 square kilometers, an average annual flow of 6.5 cubic meters per second and a natural height difference of 55 1 m.. Bainijiang, also known as Baiyanjiang, is a first-class tributary of Chenshui, which originated in Yangjiazhai. The length of the county is about 36. 1 km, and the drainage area is 340.26 km. The average annual flow is 7.53 cubic meters per second, and the natural height difference is 302 meters.