The origin of traditional festivals in China? Explain how it was born!

New Year's Eve is called New Year's Eve. In addition, the original meaning is "go" and it is extended to "change" [alternate]; The original meaning of the word "evening" is "sunset" and it is extended to "night". Therefore, New Year's Eve means "get rid of the old year here and get a new year tomorrow". "Except" means to get rid of the old cloth and make a new one. New Year's Eve originated from the "expulsion" in the pre-Qin period. According to Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals and Dong Jiji, on the day before the New Year, the ancients used drums to drive away the "ghost of plague" so that there would be no disease or disaster in the coming year. This is the origin of "New Year's Eve" Festival. In ancient times, there were many nicknames for "New Year's Eve", such as "except the night", "except the night", "except the year" and so on. Although there are many names, they always mean to send the old to welcome the new and eliminate disasters and diseases. Except for the old cloth, it is new. The last day of the year is called "New Year's Eve" and that night is called "New Year's Eve". People often stay up all night on New Year's Eve, which is called keeping watch. Su Shi has "Shousui": "Children can't sleep, and they are happy at night." The Spring Festival is the first day of the first lunar month. The origin of the Spring Festival has a history of about 4000 years in China. This is the most lively and grand traditional festival in China. The ancient Spring Festival refers to the "beginning of spring" season in the twenty-four solar terms of the lunar calendar. It was not until the Southern and Northern Dynasties that the Spring Festival was changed to the end of the year, generally referring to the whole spring. At this time, spring returns to the earth and everything is renewed. People regard it as the beginning of a new year. In the early years of the Republic of China after the Revolution of 1911, after the lunar calendar was changed to the Gregorian calendar, the first day of the first month was designated as the Spring Festival. It was not until1September 27th, 949 that the China People's Political Consultative Conference officially designated the New Year on the first day of the first month as the "Spring Festival", so many people still call it the Spring Festival. People often call celebrating the Spring Festival "Chinese New Year", and the original meaning of "Year" is fundamentally different from today. It is said that in ancient times, there was one of the fiercest beasts in the world called Nian. It is bigger than a camel. Run faster than the wind and roar louder than thunder. Once out, people eat people, animals are injured, and people's lives are seriously threatened. In order to punish Nian, the gods locked it in the mountains and allowed it to come out only once a year. In the long-term practice, people find that Nian has three fears-fear of red, fear of noise and fear of fire. So, one year on the thirtieth night of the twelfth lunar month, everyone posted red paper at the door, kept beating gongs and drums and setting off firecrackers, and lit lights all night in the house at night. Take a look at the evening of "Nian", and every family is brightly lit; Hearing this, the sound of shooting was everywhere, scaring it into the village. During the day, it sneaked down the mountain again, only to find that the door was still red and drums were everywhere, scaring it to turn around and run back. From then on, Nian never came again. It is said that he starved to death in the deep forest. Later, people turned the prevention of "Year" and "Drive Year" into a safe and steady New Year. "Nian" is gone, but the custom of Chinese New Year is still there. Bright red Spring Festival couplets, brilliant lights, crisp firecrackers, loud gongs and drums, year after year. The Spring Festival is the most important festival of the Han nationality, but more than a dozen ethnic minorities, such as Manchu, Mongolian, Yao, Zhuang, Bai, Gaoshan, Hezhe, Hani, Daur, Dong and Li, have also had the custom of the Spring Festival, but the form of the festival has its own national characteristics and is more meaningful. Lantern Festival Editor: The fifteenth day of the first lunar month (also known as Shangyuan Festival), that is, the fifteenth day of the first month. This is an important traditional festival in China. In ancient books, this day is called Shangyuan, and its night is called Yuanye, Yuanxi or Yuanxiao. The name Yuanxiao has been used ever since. Because Lantern Festival has the custom of hanging lanterns and watching lanterns, it is also called Lantern Festival among the people. In addition, there are customs such as eating Yuanxiao, walking on stilts and riddles. The ancient calendars in China were closely related to the phases of the moon. On the fifteenth day of each month, people will welcome the first full moon night of the year, which is naturally considered as an auspicious day. As early as the Han Dynasty, the fifteenth day of the first month has been regarded as a day of offering sacrifices to gods and praying for blessings. Later, the ancients called the fifteenth day of the first month Shangyuan, the fifteenth day of July Zhongyuan and the fifteenth day of October Xia Yuan. At the latest, in the early Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sanyuan was the day when grand ceremonies were held. Of the three elements, Shangyuan is the most valued. Later, the celebrations in the Central Plains and Xia Yuan were gradually abolished, but Shangyuan was enduring. Da Chun (The first solar term every year is "beginning of spring", which is usually called Da Chun. Why do you call it that? There is a custom in Chinese history. On this day in early spring every year, people will put on holiday clothes, carry a big paper cow and parade in the street singing and dancing. After the parade, the cows wrapped in paper were carried to the court of the county government, and the county officials personally whipped them three times, which means: spring back to the earth and hurry up farming. Therefore, people call beginning of spring "Da Chun". A popular folk song "Spring" in Shanxi: "Spring breeze moves in spring, and spring water flows along the river. Spring people drink spring wine and spring officials whip spring cattle. " It's about the grand occasion of shooting spring cattle. Tomb-Sweeping Day cold food Tomb-Sweeping Day (a festival in the old customs, the day before Tomb-Sweeping Day [two days before Qingming Festival]). During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhong Er, the son of the State of Jin, who had been exiled for many years, returned to China and acceded to the throne [that is, Jin Wengong], and all the courtiers who died with him were treated as honorifics, except mesons. Jie Zitui then lived in seclusion with his mother in Mianshan (now southeast of Jiexiu County, Shanxi Province). When Jin Wengong learned about it, he wanted to raise the bonus. He found Mianshan, but he couldn't find it, so he wanted to burn the mountain and force him out. But meson push couldn't hold on, and as a result, both mother and son were burned to death. Therefore, Jin Wengong stipulates that people are forbidden to cook on the fire and express their condolences with cold food on this day every year. Later, the custom of eating cold food to sweep the grave at the Cold Food Festival was formed. ) Dragon Boat Festival Editor The fifth day of the fifth lunar month is a traditional folk festival in China-Dragon Boat Festival, which is one of the ancient traditional festivals of China people. The Dragon Boat Festival is also called Dragon Boat Festival and Duanyang. In addition, there are many nicknames for the Dragon Boat Festival, such as: Noon Festival, Chongwu Festival, May Festival, Magnolia Festival, Daughter's Day, Tianzhong Festival, Dila Festival, Poet's Day and Dragon Boat Festival. Although the names are different, on the whole, the customs of people everywhere are more similar than different. Celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival has been a traditional habit of China people for more than two thousand years. Due to the vast territory, numerous nationalities and numerous stories and legends, not only many different festival names have been produced, but also different customs exist in different places. Its contents mainly include: the daughter goes back to her parents' home, hangs a statue of Zhong Kui, welcomes the ghost boat, hides in the afternoon, sticks leaves in the afternoon, hangs calamus and wormwood, travels in all diseases, wears sachets, prepares sacrificial bowls, races dragon boats, contests, hits the ball, swings, paints the children with red yellow, drinks realgar wine, calamus wine, eats poisonous cakes, salted eggs, zongzi and seasonal fresh fruits. Some activities, such as dragon boat racing, have made new progress, breaking through the boundaries of time and region and becoming international sports events. The seventh day of the seventh lunar month is Valentine's Day in China, which originated in the Han Dynasty. Ge Hong's Miscellaneous Notes on Xijing in the Eastern Jin Dynasty recorded that "women in the Han Dynasty often opened the building on July 7 and wore seven-hole needles, and everyone was there", which is the earliest record of begging for cleverness in ancient literature we have seen. In later Tang and Song poems, women's begging for cleverness was repeatedly mentioned. In the Tang Dynasty, Wang Jian wrote a poem "The stars are bright and the pearls are bright, and Gong E is busy begging for cleverness". According to "The Legacy of Kaiyuan Tianbao", every time Emperor Taizong and his concubines held a banquet in the Qing Palace on Tanabata, the ladies-in-waiting begged with their own ingenuity. This custom is also enduring among the people and passed down from generation to generation. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Qiaqiao was quite grand, and there was also a market in Beijing that monopolized Qiaqiao goods, which was called Qiaqiao City by the world. Song He's series "Talking about Drunken Weng" said: "Tanabata, the property is a gimmick. From July 1 ST, horses and chariots were swallowed, and three days before Chinese Valentine's Day, horses and chariots were not allowed to pass, and they stopped driving again and again until the night. " Here, we can infer the lively scene of the Jocci Festival from the grand occasion of buying Qiao Qi goods from Qiao Qi. People have been buying smart items since the first day of July, and the smart market is full of traffic and people come and go. By Tanabata, the Qiqiao market has become a sea of people, as if it were the biggest festival-Spring Festival, which shows that Qiqiao Festival is one of the favorite festivals of the ancients. Mid-Autumn Festival The Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15th of the lunar calendar has a long history. Like other traditional festivals, it develops slowly. The ancient emperors had a system of offering sacrifices to the sun in spring and the moon in autumn. As early as Zhou Li, the word "Mid-Autumn Festival" was recorded. Later, aristocratic scholars followed suit. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, they watch and worship the bright and round moon in the sky and place their feelings on it. This custom spread to the people and formed a traditional activity. It was not until the Tang Dynasty that this Yue Bai custom was paid more attention, and the Mid-Autumn Festival became a fixed festival. Tang Taizong recorded the Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15th, which was popular in the Song Dynasty. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was as famous as New Year's Day and became one of the major festivals in China. The legend of Mid-Autumn Festival is very rich, and fairy tales such as the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon, Wu Gang cutting Guangxi and Jade Rabbit smashing medicine are widely circulated. Double Ninth Festival is a traditional double ninth festival. The Double Ninth Festival was mentioned in Chu Ci during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Qu Yuan's Journey wrote: "Set Chongyang into the Emperor's Palace and see the capital of Qing Dynasty ten days later." The "Double Ninth Festival" here refers to the sky, not just festivals. In Nine Days Zhong You written by Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei in the Three Kingdoms period, it was clearly written that the Double Ninth Festival: "From the year to the month, September 9 suddenly comes again. Nine is the number of yang, and the sun and the moon coincide. It is well known and considered suitable for a long time, so it is a feast. " Tao Yuanming, a scholar in Jin Dynasty, said in the preface to the poem "Idle for Nine Days": "I am idle and love the name of Nine. Autumn chrysanthemums are full of gardens, but they are sad, empty for Jiuhua, and precious words are like gold. " Chrysanthemum and wine are mentioned here at the same time. Probably in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there was a custom of drinking and enjoying chrysanthemums on the Double Ninth Festival. In the Tang Dynasty, Chongyang was officially designated as a folk festival. In the Ming Dynasty, on the Double Ninth Festival in September, the palace would eat flower cakes together to celebrate, and the emperor would personally climb the Long Live Mountain to celebrate his autumn ambition. This custom has been passed down to the Qing Dynasty. The eighth day of the twelfth lunar month is called the twelfth lunar month, so the twelfth lunar month is called the twelfth lunar month. On the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, the old custom is to drink Laba porridge. Legend has it that Sakyamuni became a Buddha on this day. In order to celebrate the merits of Sakyamuni, a grand Buddhist ceremony will be held in the temple to commemorate it, burning incense and ringing bells and drums together to cook porridge for the Buddha. Laba Festival is the coldest day in the north. People cook Laba porridge with whole grains and dried fruits and eat it in the morning of the festival. There are at least eight raw materials for cooking Laba porridge. Materials vary from place to place, generally including rice, millet, glutinous rice, barley, wheat, coix seed, red bean, mung bean, kidney bean, lotus seed, ginkgo, peanut kernel, longan, almond, melon seeds, raisins, red dates, chestnuts and preserved fruits. In addition, there are a variety of raw materials such as salty Laba porridge and meat Laba porridge. On this day, people in the north not only drink Laba porridge, but also offer sacrifices to their ancestors, hoping for a bumper harvest next year. During the Laba Festival, in order to welcome the arrival of the Spring Festival, people began to prepare New Year's food, such as Laba vinegar, pickled Laba garlic, preserved meat, preserved duck, preserved fish and so on. Since then, people have followed suit, until today.

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