The Artistic Life Appreciated from the Calligraphy of Zheng Xuankun, the Calligrapher Wen Zhongxuan —— Feng Zhiliang, a Buddhist in Bohai Sea
from the surface meaning, calligraphy refers to the statutes of writing. In life, the word calligraphy has the following meanings: first, it is the pronoun of a written work or the general name of all written works; Second, an art category generally refers to the art of writing Chinese characters. Kang Youwei said in "Guang Yi Zhou Shuang Tan": "Tang Yan structure, Song Shang Yi Qu", from which we can see that calligraphy in Tang Dynasty pursues the highest and most rigorous statutes, and its calligraphy achievements are also the highest in the history of calligraphy.
Calligraphy is a unique traditional art in China. Chinese characters in China were created by working people, and began to be recorded by pictures. After thousands of years of development, they have evolved into today's characters. Because our ancestors invented writing with a brush, calligraphy came into being. Throughout the ages, Chinese characters were mainly written with a brush. As for other writing forms, such as hard pen and finger calligraphy, their writing rules are basically the same, but not completely different from those of Chinese calligraphy.
It is not easy to appreciate the art of calligraphy. The difficulty of appreciating it is that it is too abstract. Abstraction itself lies in the fact that the art of distinguishing reproduction can capture a picture and a scene of life intuitively, so that viewers can make comments on works of art with reference to their life experience (of course, this also requires viewers to have certain aesthetic ability), such as painting, film and television, opera, sketch and so on. For the appreciation of calligraphy art, it requires the appreciator to have certain cultural and artistic attainments, especially to have received the aesthetic education of calligraphy art, to be able to identify or perceive the aesthetic feeling of different lines, and to have a common sense understanding of ancient calligraphy posts, and to achieve a certain appreciation of calligraphy after long-term accumulation.
The abstraction of calligraphy art should be equal to music and dance. The ups and downs of music melody, the length and speed of rhythm, the soothing or smooth rhythm and the brightness of tone are all closely related to calligraphy. Its similarity depends on the author's ability to control music sounds or calligraphy lines, and it is concentrated between life and abstract art, so as to apply abstract language symbols to create imaginative space. This kind of imagination space is abstract, unfixed and not specific, but art itself has strong regularity. For abstraction, different people have different feelings about different works, and the conclusions will be completely different. Therefore, it is also unstable for the viewer. However, in order to appreciate music, it is necessary to grasp the law of music appreciation. Mastering this law is also the basic musical accomplishment of the appreciator. To appreciate calligraphy, we should also master the language of calligraphy, and have an exact aesthetic ability to the aesthetic feeling of calligraphy lines, that is, just like mastering the law of music appreciation.
The traditional aesthetic view of China's calligraphy has always been combined with nature and compared with natural landscapes, clouds, storms and lightning; Or compare with dragons, snakes, birds and beasts; Or compared with humanities, people in Jin Dynasty were wild and elegant, advocating talking freely and advocating "charm" for calligraphy atmosphere; The people in the Tang Dynasty were loyal and loyal, so the style of calligraphy in the Tang Dynasty reached the "statute"; People in Song Dynasty inherited the legacy of Jin Dynasty and advocated the "artistic conception" of calligraphy. People in Yuan and Ming dynasties paid more attention to appearance and etiquette, and their book style advocated the "posture" of words. That is to say, no matter which calligrapher, it is difficult to run counter to the big background of the times, but everyone has personality differences. That's what Sun Guoting meant when he said, "When the past is naughty, the present has different disadvantages.". For example, describe Wang Sengqian's calligraphy: "If Xie Jia's children are not correct, they will have a romantic character"; The word "if a dancer arranges flowers" that describes Mrs. Wei is used to describe the beauty of calligraphy. Describing Wang Xizhi's calligraphy as "the potential of the word is strong and easy, like a dragon jumping into heaven and a tiger lying in a phoenix pavilion ..." and "every' dot' is like a falling stone from a mountain"; "Every' horizontal' is like a thousand miles of clouds"; "Every' skimming' is like a broken rhinoceros"; "Every time you make a' vertical', it will be like a long live withered vine" ... In fact, different lines give people different feelings, and "straight line" gives people a feeling of being tall and straight; "Slant" gives people a thrilling feeling; "Arc" gives people the feeling of vitality; "Curve" gives people a dynamic feeling; "Round line" gives people a soft feeling; The "square broken line" gives people a tough feeling, as well as thick thick lines, dexterous thin lines, vigorous mottled lines and boundless flying white lines. The ancients also compared the natural, dynamic, vigorous and dignified lines in calligraphy to "leak mark", "broken wall", "broken hairpin", "tapered sand" and "Yin Yinni".
Therefore, no matter whether it is true, cursive, official script, seal script or line font, it has its own different styles, and it is all formed under the combination and function of these different lines. Ou Yangxun's regular script is rigorous and precipitous, and his pen is extremely dangerous, saving the day. It is a combination of simplicity, toughness, internal aversion and straight diagonal lines to form such a style; Yan-style regular script is broad, graceful and generous, with vigorous, thick and outward strokes, turning from beginning to end, and mostly round strokes. Liu Gongquan's regular script and facial structure are generally similar, while Liu Ti tends to be more upright and vigorous. Zhao Meng's regular script is meaningful, charming and peaceful. The pen uses a style of coherent, light and dynamic lines. Then other fonts, such as official script, seal script, north tablet and running script, all have the same lines for combination, for example, the European style corresponds to Cao Quanbei; Yan style corresponds to Shimen Ming, and Zhao Ti and Wang Xizhi come down in one continuous line. As for the application of cursive lines, it is changeable and colorful.
Every time Chinese characters change from Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Jinwen, Shi Guwen, Dazhuan, Xiaozhuan, Lishu, regular script, running script to cursive script, it is accompanied by the intensive process of artistic beauty.
some people! Can only write in Chinese calligraphy! Brush writing and calligraphy are completely different concepts! Because everyone can write calligraphy! Maybe some people write neatly in calligraphy! At best, a book writer! Calligraphy is different! Calligraphy can become an art because it is creative. Calligraphers dig out resources such as personal temperament and academic support to form a personal style, which is creation. A person's life is only once, and calligraphy is a lifelong creation made by a calligrapher in a lifetime!
So what is the real art of calligraphy?
1. The writing rules that conform to the aesthetic principles of Chinese characters;
2. The ins and outs of strokes are clearly and accurately explained;
3, stippling and lines get excellent performance at the same time;
4. The zigzag structure is of high grade and integrated structure;
5. The pen front is full of ink and natural charm;
6. The stippling lines are varied and the characters are ecological.
7. One word, one appearance, lightning protection and harmonious temperament;
8. The works echo people's hearts, and the weather is generous and elegant;
9. Traditional * * * sex blends with individual style, and elegance and vulgarity are rewarded;
1. The works try to avoid flaws and show the classic effect of the model.
Calligraphy is not only a cultural art, but also an elegant way of keeping in good health. Being quiet can cultivate one's self, while being active can strengthen one's bones and muscles. Swinging ink can strengthen bones and muscles and cultivate sentiment. Every day, you can copy the tablet and immerse yourself in the ancient calligraphy. You can move your whole body when writing with a pen, and your waist, arms, wrists and fingertips will be involved in it, and your breath will be adjusted and you will concentrate on it. Over time, it is bound to strengthen bones and muscles, delay aging, strengthen physique and learn calligraphy, which is a good prescription to prolong life! Throughout the ages, in the art of calligraphy, most accomplished calligraphers have long lives. Since the Han Dynasty, the average life expectancy of famous calligraphers in feudal society was 25 to 4 years old, and the average life expectancy was optimistic. For example, Liu Gongquan, a calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, was 87 years old, Ou Yangxun was 84 years old and Yu Shinan was 8 years old.
Words are like people, which are used by many people to describe the internal and external cultivation of calligraphy and personal charm, because whether calligraphy is well written is the most direct way to cultivate the appearance of personal external culture! Some leaders have learned Chinese characters since childhood, and they have gone through all kinds of hardships and become famous in one fell swoop. Not only do they have a good reputation, but they can also write good words, giving people an impression and immediately upgrading to a higher level! For example, Chairman Mao, the leader of the older generation, has excellent calligraphy art.. Today, in politics, education, literature and art, there are many outstanding celebrity calligraphy! Such as Yang Jiechi and Tang Guoqiang.
the cultivation of calligraphy art requires perseverance and years of hard work, which can't be achieved in a day. There is no shortcut to calligraphy art, and practicing calligraphy is a long and boring process. From copying rubbings, reciting rubbings, and creating calligraphy works, we should be careful and meticulous, drawing one by one, and learning repeatedly. This process is somewhat similar to the charm of "iron bars are ground into needles". Therefore, only by concentrating, devoting yourself wholeheartedly, and persevering and meditation can we achieve positive results. Engaging in the art of calligraphy is of great benefit to tempering people's will.
If calligraphy, as an art, can cultivate sentiment and sharpen will, it is understandable! But just writing a few words with a splash of ink is far from calligraphy! In order to improve the art of calligraphy, it is necessary to constantly learn cultural knowledge and understand the doorway of calligraphy. Therefore, the art of calligraphy is also a cultural "symbol" to show personal cultural upbringing. In ancient times, if you want to get ahead, you should not only be familiar with the Four Books and Five Classics, but also take the imperial examinations to strive for fame and fortune. Therefore, most officials in ancient times were outstanding in calligraphy because they read a lot and had high cultural accomplishment. This cultivation of calligraphy culture is also reflected in the connotation of religious culture. For example, almost all the eminent monks and great virtues in past dynasties in China are calligraphy masters, such as Master Huai Su, Fo Yin monk, and modern master Qi Gong and Mr. Zhao Puchu! Calligraphy ink is everywhere! Famous mountains and rivers, Buddhist resorts, temples, schools and other places can be seen everywhere with calligraphers inscribed plaques and Mo Bao.
Calligraphy Mo Bao is a medium of ancient cultural exchange. Preface to Lanting and Preface to the Holy Teaching of Huairen Collection are good teaching materials for calligraphy lovers. Ancient people came to a certain communication by practicing calligraphy, for example, singing and painting together, exchanging experience in calligraphy practice, and even letters and poems can be used as a form of communication. In the era when the Internet is still underdeveloped, In the Internet age, calligraphers come and go more frequently and widely. Ordinary calligraphy art exhibitions and calligraphy competitions provide a platform for many calligraphy lovers to communicate with each other. Many people have found bosom friends in the calligraphy circle!
Calligraphy is the art of writing, and it is also a unique traditional art type of the Chinese nation. The art of calligraphy mainly forms the aesthetic realm through the modeling beauty of pen and ink, stippling and composition in the process of writing Chinese characters, and thus shows people's spirit, temperament and character. The art of calligraphy uses abstract "points, lines, pens and paintings" to sublimate the original writing with practical value to the artistic realm. As Zong Baihua pointed out: "China's calligraphy is a rhythmic nature, expressing a deep conception of life image and becoming an art that reflects life. Therefore, China's calligraphy, unlike the characters of other nationalities, stays at the stage of being a symbol, but takes the direction of artistic beauty and becomes an expression nation, which can also be said to be a feature of China's calligraphy. Calligraphy art does contain profound traditional artistic ideas, which not only embodies the calligrapher's character and mind, but also externalizes the artist's spiritual temperament into his works, making art close to the rhythm of natural life. People often say that "words are like people" is a summary of the unique artistic expression of calligraphy. For example, Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Orchid Pavilion, which is known as the "best running script in the world", embodies the vivid personality and natural nature under the influence of Wei and Jin dynasties. The whole work is not only fluent in brushwork, but also implicit, giving people an unpredictable, authoritative, elegant and lively aesthetic experience.
China's calligraphy art began in the generation stage of Chinese characters. "Sound can't spread in different places, but stay in different times, so words are born. The writer, so it is the trace of meaning and sound. " (Language out of the "Book of the Woods and Algae", Ma Zonghuo series) Therefore, the text was produced. The first works of calligraphy art are not words, but some depicting symbols-hieroglyphics or picture words.
The symbols of Chinese characters first appeared on pottery. The original depiction symbol only represents a rough concept of chaos and has no exact meaning.
More than 8, years ago, Cishan and Peiligang cultures appeared in the Yellow River valley. On the hand-made ceramics unearthed in Peiligang, there are many characters-like symbols, which are the chaotic combination of the communication function, note-taking function and pattern decoration function of ancestors. Although these Chinese characters are not recognizable by modern people, they are indeed the embryonic forms of Chinese characters.
Following the Banpo site of Yangshao culture about 6, years ago, painted pottery with simple descriptions of similar characters was unearthed. These symbols have been distinguished from patterns, which has advanced the development of Chinese characters. This can be said to be the origin of China characters.
Then there are Erlitou culture and Erligang culture. In the archaeological excavation of Erlitou culture, there are 24 kinds of pottery tablets with carved marks, some of which are similar to Oracle inscriptions in Yin Ruins, and they are all single independent characters. Erligang culture has been found to have a writing system. Three bones with characters have been found here, two with one character and one with ten characters, which seem to be carved for practicing lettering. This has made civilization take another big step forward.
The origin of primitive characters is an imitation instinct, which is used to image a specific thing. Although it is simple and chaotic, it already has a certain aesthetic taste. This simple writing can therefore be called prehistoric calligraphy.
as mentioned above, the art of calligraphy is closely related to the writing of Chinese characters. As early as 3 years ago, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, carved on tortoise shells and animal bones, had laid some basic elements of calligraphy art. The Qin dynasty unified the writing, and Xiao Cuan became the most important calligraphy style. Today, you can still see the calligraphy traces of this period on the carved stones in Taishan, Langna, Obstruction Stone and Huiji. Since then, there have been bold and unconstrained official scripts and freely flying cursive scripts in the Han Dynasty. Wei and Jin Dynasties reached an important era in the history of calligraphy. Not only did various calligraphy styles such as Li, Kai, Xing and Cao gradually become complete, but also outstanding calligraphers such as Zhong Zou, Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi appeared, which had a far-reaching impact on the style of calligraphy art of future generations. The Tang Dynasty was another heyday of calligraphy art, especially the achievements of regular script reached a new peak, and Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Ou Yangxun and other famous regular script writers appeared. In the Song Dynasty, influenced by the general trend of literary thoughts, calligraphy paid more attention to the expression of calligraphers' emotions and personality, and formed the overall artistic style of the so-called "Song people are interested in meaning". During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, calligraphy inherited the ancient meaning, and all kinds of calligraphy styles that were basically complete also got corresponding prosperity and development. In a word, the calligraphy art of the Chinese nation has experienced the glory of Qin and Han dynasties, the charm of Wei and Jin dynasties, the respect for the law of Sui and Tang dynasties, the respect for the meaning of Song and Yuan dynasties, the continuation of Ming and Qing dynasties, and the inheritance and development of modern times. It can be said that it has a long history.
Feng Zhiliang, pen name He Zini,no. Bohai Jushi, curator of Yijing Cultural Center in distinguished professor, Peking University and China, and Zhonghua Bai.