Why is Shanxi a national melting pot?

Mainly the cultural relics from Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to Sui and Tang Dynasties, which are characterized by showing the rich and varied cultural contents of this period, and the types of cultural relics are quite miscellaneous, such as gold, copper, pottery, stone carving, wood painting and so on. It fully shows that Chinese and western cultures have been communicating and influencing each other.

Shanxi's special geographical position makes Datong have a unique position in the history of China's ethnic integration. There were northern nomads such as Xiongnu, Wuhuan, Xianbei, Turkic, Khitan and Nuzhen who left footprints in this hot land beyond the Great Wall. These nomads collided and exchanged with the Han regime in Shanxi and the Central Plains, which made Shanxi present a multi-ethnic and pluralistic civilization in history.

Historical evolution of Shanxi

Since ancient times, there have been signs of human activities in Shanxi Province, which is one of the cradles of Chinese civilization.

Archaeology shows that in ancient times, southern Shanxi was the birthplace of human beings. The discovery of the "Century Shu Ape" fossil in Yuanqu County, Yuncheng City has advanced the appearance time of apes by 6.5438+million years.

In the Paleolithic Age, about 6.5438+0.8 million years ago, there were primitive people in Jinnan, Shanxi Province, and the burnt bones found in Xihoudu Cultural Site in Ruicheng County, Yuncheng City advanced the history of human fire use in China by 6.5438+0.8 million years.

About 10-20000 years ago, in the middle paleolithic period, there were relatively concentrated primitive people and villages on both sides of Fenhe River in Shanxi and in Datong and Shuozhou. In the late Neolithic period, the south of Shanxi had become the center of many countries at that time. The discovery and research results of Taosi Site in Xiangfen County, Linfen show that it is the capital of Yao Emperor and the earliest place where China was located.

This made the Yao, Shun and Yu era of China prehistoric legend change from legend to belief history about 4,500 years ago, and the 5,000-year history of Chinese civilization was confirmed.

After Dayu died, his son succeeded to the throne. The ruling center in the early summer was in Xiaxian County in the south of Shanxi Province, and this summer's Dongxiafeng site in Xiaxian County is an important summer site.

During the Shang Dynasty, there were more than a dozen tribes scattered in other places in the south of Shanxi within its "thousands of miles".

In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, vassals were enfeoffed on a large scale, and the central and southern Shanxi was the territory of more than ten vassals, among which the main vassal state was Jin State.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Jin developed strongly and gradually annexed small neighboring countries, becoming one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. At its peak, the territory of the State of Jin included about south-central Shanxi, southwest Hebei, northwest Henan and east Shaanxi, with more than 50 counties, including 65,438+00 counties in Shanxi. The Jin Dynasty was the origin of the county system, and later Qin extended this system to the whole country.

In the 16th year of King Ding Zhou (453 years before), the state of Jin divided Zhao, Wei and Han into three parts, which was called "three-part Jin" in history. Zhao, Wei and Han divided the world into three parts, which actually became three vassal States. In Shanxi, Zhao governs the central, northeast and southeast, Wei governs the southwest and southeast, and South Korea governs the southeast and southwest.

At first, the capital of Zhao was in Jinyang (now northeast of Jinyuan District of Taiyuan), the capital of South Korea was in Pingyang (now Yaodu District of Linfen), and the capital of Wei was in Anyi (now north of Xiaxian County of Yuncheng). Later, with the expansion of territory, it moved to Henan, Hebei and other places.

In the 23rd year of Wei Lie Zhou (403 BC), the Emperor of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty officially recognized the princes of Zhao, Wei and Bill Han, and the history of China began to enter the Warring States Period. Shanxi belongs to Zhao, Wei and Korea.

In the 26th year of Qin Shihuang (22 1 year), Qin unified the six countries, made Xianyang its capital (now the northeast of Xianyang, Shaanxi), and established centralization. The local government implements the county system, dividing the whole country into 36 counties, and then increasing it to more than 40 counties.

Today, Hebei and Inner Mongolia in Shanxi and its surrounding areas are under the jurisdiction of Hedong County, Taiyuan County, Shangdang County, Yanmen County, Dai Jun County and Yunzhong County. Among them, Dai Yun County and Yunzhong County are not in Shanxi, but there are more than 70 counties in Shanxi.

The western Han dynasty basically followed the county system of the Qin dynasty and implemented the local county system. The whole country is divided into 13 states. Today's Shanxi and its surrounding Shaanxi, Hebei and Inner Mongolia belong to Bingzhou, Youzhou and Silizhou (within the capital Chang 'an), and have jurisdiction over Taiyuan, Shangdang, Yanmen, Xihe, Daihe and Hedong counties. Among them, Xihe and Daihe counties are not in Shanxi, and there are more than 90 counties in Shanxi.

The local organizational system in the Eastern Han Dynasty basically followed the Western Han Dynasty. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty and the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the northern ethnic minorities Xiongnu, Qiang and Xianbei gradually moved to Shanxi and developed. By the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the northern, central and western parts of Shanxi had become multi-ethnic areas.

Refer to the above? Baidu encyclopedia-Shanxi