The legend of Nurhachi

The legendary dish dumplings that Nuerhachi eats Bao 'er rice are also called "eating Bao 'er rice", "eating Queke" and "eating jiaozi". Its practice: put leaves such as Chinese cabbage and sauerkraut on the palm of your hand, then put cooked rice (mainly millet in the past), stir-fry, shallots and soy sauce on it, close the leaves with your hands, or roll them into rolls and eat them with your hands; Or wrap it into a ball and eat it with both hands. The leaves, rice and vegetables used are often selected due to seasonal changes. There is a legend about the origin of eating cabbage. At that time, the old man Wang Nurhachi took the Eight Banners soldiers out of the old city to attack Fushun and surrounded Fushun for several days. People in Zhangjiakou bunker cook for them every day. After winning the battle and taking Fushun city, the old man Wang did not order a rest, but commanded the Eight Banners to pursue the Ming army. Coincidentally, when the soldiers left, people had just finished cooking. Military orders are like a mountain, and I dare not eat cooked food, so I have to set out. However, when a daughter-in-law saw that the hungry soldier had left, she used her quick wits and said to the soldier living in her house, "I have an idea. You can take your food and eat it on the way. "At that time, there were no tools to bring food. These soldiers, you look at me, I look at you. It means, "You little wife are full of lies. How do we bring these foods? " The daughter-in-law didn't believe the soldier and stopped talking. I saw that she washed some freshly dried Chinese cabbage leaves outside the house, smoothed them, ladled the cooked rice with meat dishes with a spoon, made a big vegetable jiaozi out of a bag of leaves, and gave one to each of these soldiers. The soldiers took a surprised and grateful look at the clever kannika nimtragol and hurried on their way. In pursuit of the Ming army, old Wang Han refused to let the soldiers eat, nor did he eat himself. He led the troops out of dozens of miles and was caught in a heavy rain. At this time, the old Korean king and his team were exhausted and hungry. Old Wang Han ordered rest and cooking. However, it has just rained heavily, and the ground is wet, and some are wet, so it is impossible to cook. At this time, old Wang Han was anxious, hungry and helpless. When the soldier with the dumplings saw the appearance of the old man king, he dedicated the dumplings in his arms to the old man king. The old man Wang held a dish in his hands and swallowed it. As the saying goes, chaff is like honey when you are hungry, but honey is not sweet when you are full. Old Wang Han ate this dish jiaozi when he was hungry, not to mention how delicious it was. When you are full, ask where jiaozi came from. These soldiers reported to him truthfully. Hearing this, Old Wang Han patted his thigh and said, This daughter-in-law is really smart, so we won't be hungry if we disturb her in the future. From then on, whenever there were marches and wars, Old Wang Han asked people to cook jiaozi and bring it to the soldiers. This practice has gradually become a folk custom, forming a unique Manchu food, which has been passed down to this day. Why should Manchu commemorate crows? This should start with a myth and legend of Manchu.

Manchu is a descendant of Jurchen nationality. They lived in the northeast of China a long time ago and gradually formed their own customs. The customs and habits of the early Jurchen nationality have not been preserved in the history books. Later customs, such as offering sacrifices to the mother of Wanli, giving them to dogs and crows, are all legends in Nurhachi's personal growth process, with a strong superstitious color, which spread among the people and became a custom respected by Manchu.

There are many anecdotes about "old Wang Han" in Shengjing area. According to legend, when Nurhachi was a teenager, he worked as a policeman under Li, the company commander of Liaodong in the Ming Dynasty, because of the decline of his family. Because Nurhachi is smarter, Lee pawned him under the account. One day, Li suddenly received the "imperial edict" from the emperor, saying that there was a purple star descending from the sky and a statue of the son of heaven in the northeast, so he sent Li to catch it. Time flies, half a year passed quickly, but no trace of the future "son of heaven" was found, which made Li unhappy all day. On this day, he asked Qin Bing Nurhachi to bring him foot washing water to wash his feet. Li proudly said, "Look, I became a company commander because I have seven moles on my feet." Nurhachi said disapprovingly, "To tell you the truth, I also have seven red moles on my feet!" " Li was shocked, but he didn't show any emotion. He thinks that the "son of heaven" I have been looking for for for a long time is around me, which is really hard to get. He happily returned to his bedroom and said to his wife Lihua, "The man the emperor wants me to arrest is right in front of us. Please send someone to prepare the prison car and send Nurhachi to Beijing for a reward! " Confused by this, Zhang Lihua, the second monk, quickly asked, "Master, what's wrong with you today? I don't understand what you said at all! " So Li told Pear what had just happened. Pear flower thought it would be a pity to send a young man like Nurhachi to Beijing. She pondered for a while, then smiled apologetically and said, "I congratulate you!" " On the surface, she complimented Li and wanted to know how to save Nurhachi from danger. That night, when she saw that Li was asleep, she got up quietly and went to the concierge to wake Nurhachi and told him that Li would escort him to the capital to receive the reward. Nuerhachi was so scared that he broke into a cold sweat and quickly knelt down and said, "Madam's salvation is really the rebirth of parents. He has had a successful career in recent years, respecting his wife first and his parents later. " Pear flower urged him to run away quickly. With great gratitude, Nurhachi stole a big green horse and rushed to Changbai Mountain. The old yellow dog he usually keeps also quietly followed.

The next day, Li disappeared from Nurhachi. He was surprised when he went to the backyard. His beloved concubine, pear flower, hung under the willow tree with white silk, immediately realized it and flew into a rage. Tell someone to untie the pear flower, strip off his clothes, severely hit the board for forty times, and then send someone to chase it, so that Nurhachi must be brought back.

According to legend, Manchu people put willow branches in front of the door on the day when yellow rice matures every year, that is, the day when Mrs. Pear hangs herself, to show their respect for Nurhachi's rescue of her ancestor Mrs. Pear. Not only that, in the past, when Manchu people offered sacrifices to sweep, they all turned off the lights first. Legend has it that it is to worship the ancestor Mrs. Lihua. Because he died naked, in order to avoid humiliation, he turned off the lights and offered sacrifices. Since then, inserting willow branches in front of the door, turning off the lights and offering sacrifices to sweep the grave have become Manchu customs and habits, which have been passed down to this day.

Let's talk about it Nurhachi was exhausted after running all night. He wants to dismount and have a rest. Just as he was about to dismount, he suddenly heard the sound of a horse behind him. This must be the pursuer coming up, patting the big green horse and running forward. It is strange that this big green horse is as fast as lightning. Later, Daqingma was sweating, panting and exhausted and fell to the ground. Nurhachi said sadly, "If we can win the world in the future, we will never forget Daqing!" ""Later, after the death of Nurhachi, when Huang Taiji acceded to the throne, he changed his name to "Qing" and followed Nurhachi's promise before his death.

Daqingma in Nurhachi was tired and had to run away on foot, but Li's men chased him and soon caught up with him. He used his quick wits and got into the grass in front. The pursuers arrived and saw the meadow standing there. What a sigh! After a while, they came up with a way to burn the grassland, so that Nurhachi was burned to death, and it was also a job to go back. It was full of flames at that time. At this time, Nurhachi was exhausted from running and fell asleep on the grass. He knew that the fire would burn his head. When he woke up, he felt that he was lying in the water. When I stood up, I saw that all the grass around me had burned out, and only my beloved old yellow dog was exhausted by me. He understood that the yellow dog must have jumped into the bubble and got wet, and then returned to him to get wet with grass and clothes, only to save his life, but the yellow dog was exhausted. He immediately burst into tears and said to the yellow dog, "Yellow dog! You saved my life and I will never forget you. I will tell my children and grandchildren never to kill dogs, never to eat dog meat, and never to wear dog skin hats and clothes. "

After Nuerhachi buried the yellow dog, he heard that someone was chasing him. Looking back, the pursuer caught up again. The original pursuer wanted to go back, and one of them said, "Let's go back and have a look. We can't work if it doesn't burn. " So they went back to the grass and looked carefully, but they didn't see Nurhachi's body and ashes. They suddenly realized that they must have escaped, so they ran after them. Nuerhachi was walking in a hurry when he suddenly heard the noise of officers and men behind him, thinking that this time it was over and he was sure to die. At this time, I only saw crows coming at him. He was busy crawling on the ground, trying to escape the crow and run again. I know some crows are holding his clothes in their mouths. At this time, the pursuer has arrived, and he simply lies on the ground and plays dead, motionless. Strange to say, many crows landed on him, and the pursuers ran to have a look and said, "What bad luck!" " So many crows are pecking at dead bodies, but they ignore them and chase after them. The crow saved Nurhachi. He said to the crow, "Lao Hong! Mom! I will never forget that you saved my life. In the future, I will succeed. On holidays, I will kill 3,000 barbarians and chop them into meat sauce to feed you! " Now north of Liaoyang, there is a place called Laoyaotan, which is said to be named because Nurhachi saved soldiers there.

After Nurhachi ran out of the Li family, several dangers turned into disasters. Since then, he has found his own way of life.

One day, he went to Changbai Mountain and met eight brothers who were digging ginseng. They hit it off immediately and soon became brothers. Nurhachi is often threatened by wild animals in the mountains. He holds a poker in his hand every day and goes everywhere. It is said that this poker helped him through many difficulties. Whenever he is in trouble, he sacrifices to heaven with a pole and asks God to bless him. After Nurhachi came to power, in order not to forget the past, Soren pole was erected in front of Qingning Palace. It is used to worship heaven, which is also the reason why the Manchu set up the Soren pole.

Above, it is said that after Nurhachi became a "great Khan", in order not to forget the preface, he made several rules for Manchu descendants. Three of them have been fixed and become familiar customs of Manchu people.

First, the Manchu family has an ancestral shrine of "Wanli Mother" outside the western wall of the main house. This is to commemorate the pear flower, the legendary "mother of Wanli". All ancestor worship is like treating ancestors. But pear flower is a Han Chinese, not a native, so the niche is outside the door, and the real ancestor niche is located on the western mountain wall of the first Westinghouse; Second, Manchu people don't kill dogs, don't wear dog skin hats and don't eat dog meat. Anyone who wants to wear a dog skin hat to the Manchu ancestral temple is regarded as insulting his ancestors; Third, there is a Soren pole on the left side of the Manchu gate. There is a bucket on the pole. Rich people are made of silver, ordinary people are made of tin, and there are particles in it. Here, don't forget the old crow to save Hanwang and feed his kindness. (1) Among these three articles, "pole worshipping heaven" is permanent not only in Manchu families, but also in the Qing government. In front of Qingning Palace, "a pillar of god, more than a foot long, was erected, crowned with a tin plate." It is used to worship heaven, and ancestor worship is generally held in spring and autumn. In addition, in case of major events or expeditions, activities such as offering sacrifices to heaven, gods and ancestors should also be held. Later, it was held in Tangzi Temple, so it was also called offering sacrifices to Tangzi. After that, the ceremony of offering sacrifices to Tang Zi became more and more complicated. "Every year on the first day of March and the first day of September, the prince, the county king and Baylor each offer three poles; Zi, Zhen Guogong and Fu Guogong have two poles; " General Zhen Guo, Fu Guo and Guo Feng each gave a stick, but the imperial clan without a title did not give it. ""Every year on the first day of March, a pole is erected and the emperor goes to sacrifice. On this day, the halogen book was completed and the officials in charge of the ceremony were set up. The emperor was set up in the sleeping hall of the main hall to salute and sit on the mattress, and the front round hall was set up. He put on his dress in front of the main hall and the round hall forest and made three bows. Please ask five ministers not to accompany him. After the ceremony and sacrifice, they sat on the top of the pen, sitting in the west, and men and above also sat on the top of the pen, entering the sacrifice and drinking wine for fun. quot。 More interestingly, "when there is a meat fight, there will be crows to peck, which is called God's enjoyment." "Then began to" jump god ","jump god, or a witch or housewife, tied up with a bell and shook her ass, while the drum was drummed by hand, with several rings on the handle, knocking and shaking, with a dull voice. The words of two prayers are indistinguishable. Jump and spin after prayer. There are tigers returning to famous color sacrifices, pork and flying stones. The sticky rice cake with flying stones and black peaks is as yellow as jade, greasy and mixed with bean powder dipped in honey. After the jump, all the neighbors and relatives will be fed, and the meat will draw the people at home and eat to the extreme, but it will be considered unknown. "This ancient ritual gradually formed the shamanism of Manchu.