What is the treasure of Sanxingdui Museum?
One: "Mountain Sacrifice Map" Yubianzhang National Treasure can be said to be the most beautifully carved, rich in connotation and most valuable jade found in Sanxingdui, but it is very lucky to see it in the museum because it has not been publicly exhibited in Sichuan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology for many years. This is Zhang Yuzhang, the "chapter" of Zhu Yuanzhang. Zhang is a very important jade article from the late Stone Age to the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. According to records, Yuzhang belongs to one of the "six vessels" that offer sacrifices to the four corners of heaven and earth, and is an ancient ritual vessel that offers sacrifices to mountains and rivers. It is dedicated to the south, and some books say it is also a token of the emperor's patrol and redeployment. Later, it was also regarded as synonymous with men, because in ancient times, sacrifices and wars were generally done by men, so when a boy was born, he would say it was "playing with Zhang Zhile"
This jade seal has a flat edge, so it is also called "flat seal". It is 54.4 cm long and 8.8 cm wide, basically black. The upper part of the middle is a little white because of burns. This thing is tall and well preserved, but this is not its most valuable place. If you look carefully, it actually depicts very fine intaglio patterns on both sides of this jade Zhang! The patterns on the surface of Zhang Yu should be scraped up bit by bit with sharp stone chips, and the patterns on both sides are basically the same. The patterns on each side can be divided into two groups, each group consists of hills, teeth, clouds and two rows of villains. Among them, the lower villain knelt on the ground, wearing a mountain-shaped crown on his head, and the upper villain stood straight in front of us wearing a flat-topped crown. The hands of the upper and lower rows of villains are placed on his chest, showing a unique state of ring grip, which is a bit like the gesture of a bronze giant. Then what does this strange pattern and gesture mean? Unfortunately, there is no clear answer so far. However, as Zhang Yu is an important sacrificial container, the patterns on it are definitely not carved casually. Some scholars speculate that this group of decorative patterns probably reflects the "mountain sacrifice ceremony" of Sanxingdui people, because there are patterns of hills here, and they also wear the crown of mountain sacrifice on the heads of the lower class villains.
Two: the bronze colossus is a national treasure. From top to bottom, there are standing figures. His height is 1.72 meters, the height of an ordinary person, wearing a flower-shaped crown, and his appearance is very characteristic of Sanxingdui, with thick eyebrows, attractive ears, high nose and a slender mouth. Look at our bronze man in Sanxingdui, and look at his clothes. This dress can be said to be very gorgeous. A * * is divided into three layers, the innermost is a long skirt similar to a tuxedo, the middle is the V leader, and the outermost is a gown with the right shoulder exposed. In addition to rich layers, there are complex patterns on the surface of this dress, which are some deformed and abstract dragon patterns and bird patterns.
This once again shows the superb skills of Sanxingdui craftsmen. Below the portrait, there are two floors of seats. The upper part of the seat is the head, nose, ears and eyes of the four elephants, which is very obvious. At that time, the climate was warmer than it is now, and Sanxingdui people should be able to see elephants, so the image of elephants they made was very real. Further down, the elephant head is a square seat without patterns. Its function may be simple, just to raise the height of the portrait. The original figure of 1.72 meters stood on the square seat and on the elephant's head, and the height dropped to 2.6 meters, which looked very powerful and domineering. Even Yao Ming, who is 2.26 meters tall, will be much shorter immediately. Da Liren's posture is very similar to that of Zhang's villain. His hands were clenched, but there was a big hole in the middle, which indicated that he might have taken something in his hand. Some people speculate that it is a scepter. We really unearthed a golden scepter in Sanxingdui. But very thin. If you put it in the hands of a big man, you have to slide down. And look carefully at these two hands of Da Liren, which are not a straight line, but have a certain radian, so some people speculate that they will be big ivory. Thick and curved, Sanxingdui does have ivory, and the elephant's head is trampled under its feet. On the whole, Dali is likely to hold ivory in his hand. Of course, there are other views that people are a special gesture and don't have to take anything.
So who is this big statue? What is he doing standing so high and straight? These questions are the same as those in his hand, and there is no conclusion yet. But as you can see, he is tall and dignified, beautifully dressed and stately. Many people think that he may be the high priest of ancient Shu, and he is holding a major sacrificial ceremony. Of course, under the historical circumstances at that time, theocracy and kingship were often integrated, so it is very likely that he was a senior aristocrat in the ancient Shu kingdom, even the ancient Shu king himself, that is, the leader of a group of witches and the head of a country. This is very possible.
Three: the golden staff, a national treasure and a glittering cultural relic, is the famous golden staff. It is also a treasure that is forbidden to go abroad for exhibitions. Foreigners who want to see it can only fly to China to see it in person. So what's so special about him that the country should cherish it so much?
First of all, it was the largest gold product in China during the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Length 142 cm, diameter 2.3 cm, weight 463 g, gold content above 90%. It's just a layer of gold, and it's hollow inside. It was originally wrapped in a piece of wood, and when it was unearthed, it could be seen that there were some carbonized wood residues inside.
Secondly, one end of the golden staff has a pattern 46 cm long. Below the pattern are the heads of two people, wearing large toothless crowns and triangular earrings. They are all laughing, their mouths are upturned, and they are very happy. In addition, there are two identical patterns, which are composed of three elements: fish, bird and sword. Among them, the arrow pierces the fish and bird, and we still don't know what he means by this pattern. Some people speculate that it may be a commemoration of the alliance between the bird-worshipping tribe and the fish-worshipping tribe, and some scholars believe that the sword-shaped thing is actually not a sword, but a rice ear; This pattern is likely to symbolize the fishing and agriculture of Sanxingdui. Either one is important anyway. This golden staff is made of precious gold and has a very important pattern on it, so some people think it should be a "scepter" symbolizing power, and it should be a king's weapon dedicated to the ancient Shu State.
Four: bronze sacred tree national treasure In fact, many people say that the country does not need to list it as a cultural relic like a sacred tree. This is not because it is not precious enough, but because it is too big. If you want to ship it abroad, you may not have such a big plane to carry it. You can see that it is 3.96 meters high as a whole, and it is the largest bronze ware in the world at the same time, with some flaws on it. We estimate that the height of the intact sacred tree may be about 5 meters, which is even more shocking than it is now. Let's take a closer look at the whole tree, which consists of four parts: base, trunk, branches and panlong. The base is round from bottom to top, divided into three sections, with the trunk and front paws of the dragon on it. There are nine branches on the trunk, and each upward branch has a flower. There is a bird standing in the middle of the flowers. The bird's mouth is big and curved, like an eagle's mouth. There is a small hole in it, which may still be in it. This is not clear, it is probably a bronze bell or the shell-shaped round bronze medal seen in front; Finally, there is a dragon with claws on the base, head down and tail up, entrenched in the making tree. But the upper part of this dragon is incomplete, and there is no way to see its original appearance, which is a great pity.