Why did you sign the Xin Chou Treaty?

1900 At the end of May, Russia, Britain, France, the United States, Germany, Italy, Austria and Japan, regardless of the opposition of the Qing government, jointly organized troops and gathered in Tianjin in large numbers. In mid-June, the great powers took a new step of aggression. On the grounds that the Qing government failed to suppress the Boxer Rebellion and laid mines in Haikou, it was difficult for other countries to capture the Dagu Fort, and then advanced on Beijing.

Although the imperialists repeatedly told the Qing government when they sent troops, their purpose was only to suppress the Boxer Rebellion, not to be enemies of the Qing government, but the explanations of the powers could not dispel their fears. The rulers of the Qing Dynasty feared that the great powers would take the opportunity to end their rule and carve up China.

So, on June 2 1 day, the Qing government ordered a declaration of war. On the one hand, it stopped along the Beijing-Tianjin line and used the Boxer Rebellion to attack the Beijing embassy district. On the other hand, the Qing government also sought peace talks from other countries through diplomatic envoys abroad. However, after the Qing court declared war on Eight-Nation Alliance, the Qing army was defeated repeatedly. Empress Dowager Cixi was appointed Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi as Governor of Zhili and Minister of Beiyang, and ordered her to come to Beijing as soon as possible to negotiate with other countries.

On August 7th (July13rd), Eight-Nation Alliance approached Beijing, and the Qing court formally appointed Li Hongzhang as the plenipotentiary minister to negotiate with the great powers. In mid-August, Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing. Empress Dowager Cixi ordered Rong Lu, Xu Tong and Chongqi to stay in Beijing for peace. On the third day of August, Qing Prince Yi Kuang and Li Hongzhang were sent to hold peace talks.

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1, compensation

The Qing government paid 450 million taels of silver (*** 1 1 country) to all countries, and paid it off in 39 years with an annual interest rate of 4%. The principal and interest are about 982 million taels, which are guaranteed by tariffs, regular tariffs and salt taxes.

2. Delineate the embassy district.

Dongjiaomin Lane in Beijing has been designated as an embassy district and has become a "country within a country". China people are not allowed to live in the local area, and the state can send troops to station.

3. Dismantle the battery and station in the army.

Demolish Dagu and all the fortresses that hinder Beijing's access to the sea. Imperialist powers can station troops in 12 places along the railway from Beijing to Shanhaiguan.

4. Coercing the Qing government to promise to suppress the anti-imperialist struggle.

People in China are forbidden to form or join any organization that is "hostile to other countries" forever, and offenders will be put to death. Provincial officials must ensure the safety of foreigners, otherwise they will be fired and never employed. Where the anti-imperialist struggle took place, the civil and military examinations were suspended for five years. This article marks that the Qing government has completely become a tool of imperialism.

5. Apologize to Germany and Japan.

The Qing government sent princes and ministers to Germany and Japan to express "regret" and set up a stone archway in the place where German minister Cleander was killed.

6. Punish officials who participated in the Boxer Movement.

From the central government to local governments, more than 100 officials were imprisoned, exiled and executed.

7. Establish a foreign affairs department.

The Prime Minister's Office was changed to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which was the first of the six ministries and became a specialized agency for the Qing government to negotiate with the great powers.

Baidu Encyclopedia-The Treaty of Love and Ugliness