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The beneficial impact of transporting grain from the north to the south

The beneficial impact of grain transportation from the north to the south

From "diversion of grain from the south to the north" to "transportation of grain from the north to the south"

At Dalian Beiliang Port, every day on the dock Hundreds of thousands of tons of corn are loaded onto ships, heading south along the Bohai Sea and the East China Sea. This Northeast grain logistics "leader" with a total investment of 6 billion yuan is now connected to 200 port warehouses, transfer warehouses, and storage warehouses, becoming one of the main channels for "grain transportation from the north to the south."

Thousands of miles away, at the Laotangshan deep-water port in Zhoushan, Zhejiang, grain transport ships from the north are constantly passing by, constantly filling the 10 billion kilograms of grain gap in Zhejiang Province every year. An official from the Zhejiang Provincial Grain Bureau said that Zhejiang is currently the second largest grain selling province in the country, with about half of the grain imported from outside the province. It is estimated that by 2015, 70% of the province's grain will be carried or transferred by the Zhoushan Grain and Oil Logistics Base .

The relevant person in charge of the Development Planning Department of the Ministry of Agriculture said that my country’s three traditional main grain-producing areas are the Yangtze River Basin, the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, and the Northeast region. Historically, China’s grain supply has always been a “South-to-North Grain Diversion” pattern.

In ancient China, the grain production and supply in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong and Guangxi, and the two lakes were very important in the country. According to records, there were more than 9,000 grain ships transporting grain from south to north on the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal in the Ming Dynasty; the Qing Dynasty collected as much as 4 million shi of grain from the south to the north every year. The relevant person in charge of the Development Planning Department of the Ministry of Agriculture said that in the past 10 years, this situation has undergone a major reversal.

Zhang Baowen, Vice Minister of Agriculture, said that the regional focus of my country's grain production has gradually shifted from south to north and from east to middle, and the trend of "Northern grain transportation to the South" and "Chinese grain transportation to the West" have become increasingly obvious. At present, the Huang-Huai-Hai region maintains its main supply status of commercial wheat, and the Northeast region has become the main supplier of japonica rice, corn and other commercial grains. The Northeast's grain transfer volume accounts for about 60% of the country's total.

When talking about the causes of "grain transportation from the north to the south", the relevant person in charge of the Development Planning Department of the Ministry of Agriculture believes that there are five major factors. First, production and supply in the north have increased. This is due to factors such as the comprehensive development of agriculture in the north, the construction of commercial grain bases, and the improvement of water conservancy facilities. Second, the demand in the southern market is increasing. The development of animal husbandry and feed industry in the south has driven grain from the north to the south. Third, the consumption structure is upgraded. Economic growth in the South has driven up consumption levels and increased demand for high-quality rice (japonica rice) from the Northeast. Fourth, changes in food growing areas. The rice area in the south is decreasing, and the status of rice in the north is getting higher and higher. Fifth, population flows to the south. A large number of migrant workers have gathered along the southeastern coast, and their food consumption has increased the amount of "grain transported from the north to the south."

Wan Baorui, a well-known agricultural expert and member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, commented that the current "North-South grain transportation" in our country is the result of the organic combination of regional resource advantages and market demand.

Lagging grain logistics restricts the "North-to-South grain transportation"

Sun Licheng, the former president of Jilin Agricultural University, said that since 2003, my country's total grain output has been relatively stable, and the current grain situation is between production and marketing. A state of "tight equilibrium". Due to the obvious geographical distribution of grain production and sales, the current total annual grain flow across the country is as high as 170 million tons, of which the inter-provincial grain flow is about 70 million tons.

Grain experts analyze that with the improvement of grain production capacity and changes in market supply and demand, the number of inter-provincial grain transportation represented by the "North-South Grain Transportation" is becoming increasingly large, which restricts the "North-South Grain Transportation". The main contradiction of "transportation" is highlighted in the low efficiency and high cost of the existing grain logistics system.

Liu Jincheng, chairman of Dalian Free Trade Zone Jujirun International Trading Co., Ltd., gave reporters a rough calculation: "Northern grain transportation to the south" mainly relies on railway and sea transportation. He usually purchases corn locally in Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, and then transports it to the train station after weight reduction, weighing, and packing into woven bags. The cost is about 40 yuan per ton; the freight is more than 50 yuan per ton when transported by train to Dalian Port; it is transported from the train station to the port terminal. The grain depot costs 15 yuan per ton; the shipping cost of corn is more than 60 yuan per ton; if shipped to Fujian, the sea freight is 60 yuan to 80 yuan per ton. Including port storage fees, two thousandths of corn loss along the way and other costs, the transportation cost of transporting a ton of corn from the Northeast to Fujian through Dalian Port is at least 250 yuan, and circulation costs account for 30% of the total sales cost.

The reporter visited the northern production and marketing areas and found that there are at least three major obstacles in the construction of the current grain logistics system: First, the construction level of grain depots in the main production areas generally lags behind, and many grains are stored in reed mats, bamboo chips, etc. A simple open-air grain store made of equipment. Second, the bulk grain supply is poor and some resources are idle. Third, railway transportation capacity is tight and waterway potential is underdeveloped. Liu Jincheng said that if there is a shortage of trains during long-distance transportation, the company will need to pay a high "fare". One train costs about 5,000 yuan, which is equivalent to an additional cost of 80 yuan for a ton of grain.

Experts such as Liu Xiaoran, deputy director of the Jilin Provincial Grain Research Institute, said that grain logistics is closely connected with the production and sales areas of the "North-South Grain Transport" and should focus on the optimization and integration of existing resources. , improve grain circulation capacity. The top priority is to develop the potential of water transportation, adjust policies to make it competitive with railway transportation costs, and guide grain transportation companies to use "rail-sea combined transportation" to open up the "North-South Grain Transportation" between Northeast China - Liaoning Port - Southeast coastal provinces and cities "Fast track.

Prevent the sudden rise of "energy conversion" of grain from affecting the "transportation of grain from the north to the south"

A few years ago, the relevant departments were still worried about the future of aged corn; now, when Technological progress and changes in international energy supply and demand have found an energy solution for corn - processing it into fuel ethanol for "car maintenance", but they have begun to worry about the impact that blind projects in various places may have on food security.

Bai Meijin, president of the China Grain Economics Society, recently said at a Northeast Grain Logistics Conference that in the past two years, the craze for launching corn processing plants has swept through the main producing areas of Northeast China, mainly investing in fuel ethanol projects. As a major corn province, Jilin has recently built and expanded more than 10 large processing plants, with processing capacity reaching 12 million tons to 15 million tons. Jilin's total corn output is about 18 million tons. According to estimates from the Jilin Provincial Grain Department, there will be no corn available in two to three years.

The person in charge of Fufeng Company in Shandong Province, one of the most influential corn deep-processing enterprises in the country, said frankly that the current price of corn is rising rapidly, and it is becoming increasingly difficult to organize corn supply in the Northeast.

The joint research project of Dalian Commodity Exchange and the National Grain and Oil Information Center predicts that within the two years starting from 2007, my country will transform from a net exporter of corn to a net importer.

In fact, due to the promotion of energy-based processing, the price of corn in my country has continued to rise since 2006, and for the first time there has been a price "inversion": the price of corn is higher than that of wheat, rewriting the price comparison relationship between various grain varieties. , which has had an impact on the latest round of grain and oil price increases. To this end, the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments issued a notice at the end of 2006, requiring all localities not to build biofuel ethanol projects in violation of regulations in the name of corn processing, and to clean up corn processing enterprises in various places.

This is a "brake" on the "car-raising craze" of food.

The reporter’s investigation found that the economic development of the Northeast grain-producing areas is relatively lagging, local finances are tight, and farmers’ incomes are slowly increasing. Local governments and grain farmers are very anxious about this. Appropriate development of corn deep processing will help mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers in Northeast China to grow grain, increase farmers' income, and promote local economic development. However, relevant personnel from the Industrial Department of the National Development and Reform Commission emphasized that my country’s basic national conditions of more people and less land, as well as the irreversible trend of reduction of arable land and water resources, determine that food security has always been a major national strategic issue. Rushing into construction blindly is not only detrimental to the adjustment of agricultural structure and the healthy development of the corn processing industry, but may also endanger food security and must be regulated.

Where will the "Northern grain transportation to the South" go?

The relevant person in charge of the Development Planning Department of the Ministry of Agriculture said that behind the grain circulation pattern is a series of policy orientations for regional economic development. The "North-South Grain Transport" shifts the pressure of grain supply from the south to the north, which requires a series of balanced regional institutional arrangements, such as increasing financial support for the main grain-producing areas in the north and increasing the level of subsidies for grain farmers.

After joining the WTO, China’s grain industry has gradually integrated into the global economy. Some experts have suggested that due to the increasing cost of domestic grain production and the high cost of "transporting grain from the north to the south", my country's grain circulation can consider the strategy of "north export (export) and south import (import)", that is, corn in the north will be exported nearby, and corn in the south will be exported nearby. Import cheap corn appropriately.

Wanbaori has a different view on this. According to his analysis, the global corn trade volume is about 90 billion kilograms, of which the United States accounts for 50%. At present, the United States' use of corn to convert fuel ethanol has exceeded its export volume, and U.S. corn exports will decrease significantly in the next few years. As Professor Brown from the Earth Policy Institute of the United States said: "The world's 800 million car engines are competing with the world's nearly 2 billion poor people for food." With the reduction of international food resources and the rapid development of biomass energy, my country relies on imports to maintain food supply and demand. The risk of balancing will further increase, and the strategy of "going south" will fail.

Wan Baorui said that, like corn, it is difficult to replace japonica rice shipped from the northeast to the south. The current trade volume of rice in the international market is about 27.5 billion kilograms per year, which is only equivalent to about 15% of my country's rice production. In the international trade volume of rice, japonica rice accounts for less than 10%. In recent years, more than 15 billion kilograms of rice have been transferred from the Northeast every year. The South has to replace the rice transferred from the Northeast through the international market. Not only is it difficult to meet the total amount, but it is also difficult to guarantee the variety structure.

Based on this, Wanbaorui believes that from the perspective of the overall national interests and the interests of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers", as well as the development trend of international grain trade, achieving a balance between my country's grain supply and demand must always be based on domestic resources, and the international market can only serve as a Adjustment of inter-year and inter-variety grain trade in my country.

Relevant experts pointed out that during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, there will be some new changes in my country's grain circulation, but overall the pattern of "grain transportation from the north to the south" will continue. However, the outflow of raw grain from the main grain-producing areas in the north will decrease, and will be replaced by an increase in finished grain and deeply processed grain products. Appropriate support for this changing trend will help mobilize the production enthusiasm of northern grain farmers. What are the beneficial effects of the transportation of grain from the north to the south?

Second, the demand in the southern market is increasing. The development of animal husbandry and feed industry in the south has driven grain from the north to the south.

Third, the consumption structure has been upgraded.

Economic growth in the South has driven up consumption levels and increased demand for high-quality rice (japonica rice) from the Northeast.

Fourth, changes in food growing areas. The rice area in the south is decreasing, and the status of rice in the north is getting higher and higher.

Fifth, population flows to the south. A large number of migrant workers have gathered along the southeastern coast, and their food consumption has increased the amount of "grain transported from the north to the south."

my country’s three traditional main grain-producing areas are the Yangtze River Basin, the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, and the Northeast region. Historically, China’s grain supply has always been a “South-to-North Grain Diversion” pattern.

The reason why grain from the north was transported to the south in ancient my country and now from the north to the south

my country’s three traditional main grain products The first is the Yangtze River Basin, the second is the Yellow-Huaihai Plain, and the third is the Northeast region. Historically, China’s grain supply has always been a “South-to-North Grain Diversion” pattern.

First, production and supply in the north have increased. This is due to factors such as the comprehensive development of agriculture in the north, the construction of commercial grain bases, and the improvement of water conservancy facilities. Second, the demand in the southern market is increasing. The development of animal husbandry and feed industry in the south has driven grain from the north to the south. Third, the consumption structure is upgraded. Economic growth in the South has driven up consumption levels and increased demand for high-quality rice (japonica rice) from the Northeast. Fourth, changes in food growing areas. The rice area in the south is decreasing, and the status of rice in the north is getting higher and higher. Fifth, population flows to the south. A large number of migrant workers have gathered along the southeastern coast, and their food consumption has increased the amount of "grain transported from the north to the south." Advantages and disadvantages of drought

Although from the perspective of Marxist materialist dialectics, drought must have its advantages and disadvantages. But for a single object, there must be a situation where the advantages outweigh the disadvantages or the disadvantages outweigh the advantages. Therefore, for the agriculture, industry, and people's lives in southern China, the harm of late drought is obvious, and the benefits are subtle. Most of the so-called benefits are not enjoyed by most people. For example, when a drought comes, crops will not grow well, industrial water is scarce, and people will feel stuffy and breathless. This will greatly increase the demand for water conservancy devices and new technologies, such as air conditioners, cooling oils, peppermint ointments and other necessities, which is beneficial to companies operating related devices and medicinal materials. The beneficial impact of river cascades on shipping

The development of river cascades and the construction of multiple dams will reduce the river channel drop within each dam, which is beneficial to navigation; the construction of dams in the basin can regulate the river runoff and improve the river flow. As for the shipping conditions in the middle and lower reaches, dam construction makes the river channel upstream of the reservoir wider and deeper, which can improve the shipping conditions and increase the tonnage of ships in the upper reaches. The effective measures to alleviate the uneven spatial distribution of water resources in my country are (　) A. Transporting grain from the north to the south B． South-to-North Water Diversion C． Build a reservoir D. Return farmland

Due to the uneven distribution of water resources in my country, in order to rationally utilize water resources, it is necessary to build cross-basin water diversion projects. For example, the Yellow River Diversion Project to Qingdao will divert water from the Yellow River into Qingdao City to solve the problem of insufficient water supply in Qingdao City. The South-to-North Water Diversion Project currently planned to be launched will transfer water from the Yangtze River Basin to the water-scarce North and Northwest regions.

Therefore choose: B. The beneficial effects of the cold wave

The rain, snow and freezing weather brought by the cold wave are very harmful to transportation. It can cause switches at railway stations to freeze, rails to be buried in snow, communication signals to fail, and train execution to be hindered. After the rain and snow, the roads became icy and slippery, and traffic accidents increased significantly.

The cold wave is very harmful to human health. Windy and cooling weather can easily cause colds, bronchitis, coronary heart disease, pulmonary heart disease, stroke,

Asthma, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, migraine Illnesses such as headaches can sometimes make the patient's condition worse.

What is rarely mentioned is that cold snaps also have beneficial effects. Research and analysis by geographers show that cold waves contribute to heat exchange on the earth's surface. As the latitude increases, the solar radiation energy received by the earth gradually weakens, so the earth forms tropical, temperate and cold zones. The cold wave carries a large amount of cold air to the tropics, causing a large-scale exchange of ground heat, which is very helpful for maintaining the ecological balance of nature and maintaining the prosperity of species.

Meteorologists believe that the cold wave is a guarantee of good weather. Affected by the monsoon, our country has a dry climate in winter, which is the dry season. But whenever a cold wave invades the south, it often brings widespread rain and snow, which alleviates winter drought and benefits crops. Why has the farmer's proverb "Auspicious snow heralds a good harvest" been passed down among the people for thousands of years? This is because the nitrogen content in snow water is high, more than five times that of ordinary water, which can greatly increase the nitrogen in the soil.

Snow water can also accelerate the decomposition of organic matter in the soil, thereby increasing the organic fertilizer in the soil. Heavy snow covers overwintering crops, acting like a quilt to resist cold and keep warm.

There is a saying that "If the winter is not cold, the coming year will be poor." This also has its scientific truth. Crop pest control experts believe that the low temperature brought by the cold wave is currently the most effective natural "insecticide". It can kill a large number of pests and germs lurking in the soil for the winter, or inhibit their growth, reducing pests and diseases in the coming year. According to survey data from agricultural technology stations in various places, pesticides can be saved by more than 60% in years when there is heavy snow and the winter is closed.

Cold waves can also bring wind resources. Scientists believe that wind is a pollution-free and valuable power resource. The world-famous Miyakojima Wind Power Station in Japan has a power generation efficiency that is 1.5 times that of normal times during cold waves. What are the positive and negative impacts of China's South-to-North Water Diversion Project?

Beneficial impacts on the transferred area: Alleviating water stress and promoting local economic development

Adverse impacts: Destroying the local ecological environment, reducing soil fertility, and aggravating salinization

Beneficial impact on the transferred area: reducing flood control pressure

Adverse impact: it will also destroy vegetation and reduce soil fertility! The beneficial effects of plateau The influence of plateau on people definitely exists, because this is science. Therefore, if you want to maintain a good condition while working and living on the plateau, you must have a rigorous scientific attitude and an optimistic revolutionary spirit. A rigorous scientific attitude must respect the rules and acknowledge the impact of plateau hypoxia on people. We must neither exaggerate nor ignore the physiological impact of plateau on people. Instead, we must adopt scientific methods to adapt to life on the plateau. condition. The optimistic revolutionary spirit means that we should not be dissatisfied just because of the impact of plateau on human physiology, but should actively face the hardships of natural conditions, take pleasure in suffering, and strive to find fun in monotonous life.

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