As the only imperial tomb designated by the father for the son in Qing Dynasty, this paper analyzes the real reasons behind the unique regulation of Changling.

In p>182 (the 25th year of Jiaqing), the 61-year-old Emperor Jiaqing died in chengde mountain resort on July 25th (7-9 pm). Because of the sudden incident, it was not until August 22nd of the same year that the Jiaqing Zigong, which had been dead for 27 days, arrived at the Qing Palace in the capital temporarily, and was buried in the Changling underground palace on March 23rd of the following year (in 1821, the first year of Daoguang). There are many legends about its Wannian Jidi, which is located in Taipingyu. The first place is the unique site selection process of Changling. The reason why "giving way to power" for three years and three days is unique comes from the unique relationship between Jiaqing himself and his father, Gan Long. As we all know, Jiaqing, as the fifth emperor in the Qing Dynasty, has its own hot spots. He is the only emperor in history of qing dynasty who was enthroned by Zen, and his father, Gan Long, also became the only emperor in the Qing Dynasty. From the eighth day of November in 1773 (thirty-eight years of Qianlong's reign) to the third day of September in 1795 (sixty years of Qianlong's reign), Yong Yan was publicly recognized as the Crown Prince, and even the date of his own accession to the throne was set in advance by Qianlong for his son, with the first day of the first month of the second year (1796) as the first year of Jiaqing. Jiaqing's portrait should say that Jiaqing's own qualifications are not among the distinguished princes in Qianlong. Starting from August 17th, 1723 (the first year of Yongzheng), the law of "setting up a crown prince in secret" created by Yongzheng has been followed by later emperors, and the facts have fully proved that this law is really effective. Later Qianlong naturally followed his father's example and carried forward this system. Traditionally, Qianlong, like Yongzheng, chose his successor at the beginning of the succession. In fact, he did choose his eldest son (the second son of the emperor) Yong Lian as his successor in 1736. Unfortunately, Yong Lian died early on October 12th, 1738 (the third year of Qianlong), at the age of 9. Later, he wanted to set up his second son, Yong Cong, and before he could put it into action, Yong Cong died early in 1748 (December 29, the twelfth year of Qianlong), at the age of 2. Later, Qianlong was interested in Yongqi, the fifth son of the emperor. However, Yongqi also died young on the eighth day of March in 1766 (the thirty-first year of Qianlong), at the age of 26. By the time Yong Yan was established as the Crown Prince in 1773, Ganlong was already an old man over 6 years old (63 years old). Although his spirit was still very vigorous, the matter of establishing a store could not be delayed any more than the system set by his father. Therefore, after repeated careful selection, Ganlong finally selected the 14-year-old emperor's fifteen sons Yong Yan as the future successor. Qianlong stills On the first day of the first month in 1796 (the first year of Jiaqing), in the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City, the only ceremony of giving and receiving Zen was held in the Qing Dynasty. The 86-year-old Qianlong personally handed the "treasure of the emperor", a symbol of the emperor's supreme power, to Yong Yan, then 37, and since then, the Jiaqing era has been opened for 25 years. ? I respect my son's health and prosperity as soon as possible, and I never tire of being diligent, that is, I dare not relax for a day. After returning to the political power, how can we ignore the major issues of military affairs and personnel administration? I still have to teach you personally, and the heir emperor will listen to the instructions in the morning and evening, and I will know what I have learned in the future and will not miss it. Although the opening of Zen meditation in 1796 marked the arrival of Jiaqing era, in fact, before the third day of the first month of Jiaqing in 1799, the power of the DPRK was still firmly in the hands of Qianlong. During this period, Qianlong became the emperor who actually took charge of the state affairs for the longest time in history on the grounds that "he should still be respectful to his relatives and give advice, and the heir emperor would listen to the instructions day and night, so that he would know what he will inherit in the future and not miss it." Jiaqing stills Of course, if you think that Qianlong, who is already the emperor's father, is only in charge of state affairs, then you will underestimate the strength of this "perfect old man". Although Jiaqing was not the best candidate for the throne for Qianlong, for many reasons, he finally passed the throne to Yongyan. It is precisely because he is not at ease with this successor that he not only asks questions about everything in the political affairs, but also shows great concern for his son's future location. The unique location of auspicious land is based on the ancestral system since Kangxi. At the beginning of his succession, every emperor should put his future location of auspicious land on the agenda. Before Jiaqing, Yongzheng and Qianlong were all like this (the Tailing of Yongzheng began to choose the imperial edict in the fifth year of Yongzheng in 1727, and the Yuling of Qianlong began to choose the imperial edict in the third year of Qianlong in 1738), so Jiaqing should also follow the ancestral system and choose the mausoleum site at the beginning of the succession, but in fact, the site selection of his auspicious land was indeed planned at the beginning of the succession, but the leader of this site selection was Qianlong rather than Jiaqing. According to the usual practice (from the late Jin Dynasty), the location of the emperor's auspicious place should be decided by himself or by the heir emperor. However, due to the special relationship between Qianlong and Jiaqing at that time (the emperor's father was alive and still in power), the location of Jiaqing auspicious place was actually decided by Qianlong, the emperor's father, which made Changling the only one in history of qing dynasty. The reason why Qianlong is so concerned about this matter is naturally an indispensable reason for controlling the overall situation, but more importantly, it is for the sake of balancing the number of burial places between the Eastern and Western Tombs. In December 1651 (the eighth year of Shunzhi), Emperor Shunzhi chose Changrui Mountain in Zunhua as the royal mausoleum site after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, which is known to us later. The Treasure Palace in Shunzhi and the Zigong Palace in Kangxi were on the sixth day of June in 1663 (the second year of Kangxi) and the first day of September in 1723 (the first year of Yongzheng) respectively. In the early years of Yongzheng, it was supposed to choose the mausoleum site in Dongling, but Yongzheng, who was extremely strict about auspicious land, finally found the perfect place in his mind at the foot of Yongning Mountain in Yixian after two years and nine months. An example of the stone archway in Xiaoling Mausoleum of Qing Dynasty After the emperor ascended the throne, he should choose the land of eternal happiness. In the first year of Qianlong, I visited Dabao, hoping to build a land of eternal happiness near Tailing. Because I think the imperial examination mausoleum is in the west, I have set up it in Kyrgyzstan for thousands of years and it is close to the imperial examination. Ten thousand years later, my children and grandchildren also think about being close to their grandfather, and they all choose Ji Jingxi, but they are far away from Xiaoling and Jingling on the East Road, which is not enough to show their filial piety and apply for love. Therefore, I have built a holy water valley in Dongling for thousands of years. If the heir emperor and grandchildren choose to build in the east because of my auspicious land, they are separated from the Tailing Mountain, and it is not like a continuation. The heir emperor should choose in the Xiling boundary for years. In accordance with this purpose, the yamen were respectfully selected and built in the vicinity of Tailing. By the time Sun Ren inherited the whole idea, his auspicious place should be built in Dongling boundary. After the construction of the Tailing Mausoleum by Yongzheng, two royal cemeteries with the capital as the center appeared in the Qing Dynasty, but Yongzheng did not expect that it would bring his successor a century-long problem. In the early years of Qianlong, it was necessary to choose the mausoleum site as soon as possible, but it was faced with the problem of whether the mausoleum site should be in Dongling or Xiling. From 1738 (the third year of Qianlong), Qianlong ordered Neqin, Haiwang and others to visit Donggezhuang in Miyun County, and Jiufeng chao yang shan and Huojiazhuang in Zunhua also thought about making a selection near Tailing in Yongzheng, their father. However, on second thought, if it is built in the name of "the son is buried with his father", with the later emperors following suit one by one, it will inevitably lead to the fact that there are only two tombs in Dongling, Xiaoling and Jingling, which will be lonely and deserted, which will also make Qianlong "not enough to show his filial piety and declare his love". So after careful consideration, he finally chose the location of Yuling Mausoleum in Shengshui Valley, west of Xiaoling in Dongling, and east of Xiaoling with his grandfather Kangxi. I made a pilgrimage to Pang Hong, celebrating the extension of the melon, inheriting it, and dividing things according to the order of Zhao and Mu, which is connected by one vein, so as not to pass it far recursively. Besides, Zunhua and Yizhou have deep mountains and rivers, among which there are many auspicious places, so you don't have to make another choice elsewhere, which is a good law for all generations. My children and grandchildren should only follow my instructions, trace back to the source, celebrate and celebrate the jubilee for hundreds of thousands of years, and inherit from each other. This is my boundless blessing. After the site of his own mausoleum was selected, for the sake of the overall situation, Qianlong also made regulations on how to bury the emperor in the future. After decades of thinking, Qianlong made a special decree in 1797 (December 22nd of the first year of Jiaqing) as the emperor's father, on the grounds that "if the heirs and grandsons choose to build in the east because of my auspicious situation, they will be separated from the Tailing Mountain, and it is not like the meaning of continuing one after another", and ordered the emperors of later generations to inherit and divide things according to the order of Zhao and Mu " In the name of Emperor Tai's father, Qianlong's edict on the order of Zhao Mu was not thoughtful, and in this edict, in order to implement the Zhao Mu system, he also directly pointed out Jiaqing, as an heir emperor, and the scope of Buling of future grandchildren emperors. The heir emperor should choose his auspicious land in the Xiling boundary in ten thousand years, and his auspicious land should be built in the Dongling boundary when my grandson takes over the whole line. From Jiaqing's frequent remarks that "Yizhou Taipingyu is an auspicious place given to me by the emperor", we can see that Qianlong's statement that "the father is the son of Dingling" is true. Many waters come down the mountain, and they all come to the hall, which is the so-called four-dimensional harmony and octupole unification, which has become the weather of all countries coming to the DPRK. You Keqing, Shouxing Mountain in front of a river from south to north, especially in the case of the DPRK, Fucha South Pole is the position of Shouxing, and this side of Xiushui entered the DPRK, which is called Changshou Water by artists. Based on this inference, Taipingyu plans to make a long-term auspicious land for the celebration of endless life. I led the member and others to respect the surrounding areas for several days, and then stressed that according to the opinions of the member and others, they are all the same, and they are all in harmony with the drawings and stickers. I will also write another list of the titles of people who are familiar with Feng Shui and drawing, and I would like to play it. According to the records in Records of Renzong in Qing Dynasty and Historical Draft of Renzong in Qing Dynasty, in 1796, the land of Wannian Ji in Jiaqing was chosen by Fu Cha Fu Chang 'an (the fourth son of Fu Heng, the first-class loyal and brave man, and the nephew of Emperor Qianlong's filial piety), and the minister of internal affairs, Jin Jia Yun Bu (the son of Jin Jian, the official minister) On the grounds that "the hall is round, the evidence is clear, the four dimensions are the same, the octupole is unified, and all countries come to Korea", Taiping Valley, one kilometer west of Tailing, is the best choice for auspicious land, and the site has been unanimously recognized by Gan Long and Jiaqing. By May of the same year, Taipingyu had begun to spread grey lines, and it took less than a year from the next imperial edict to the determination of the tomb site, which shows that the efficiency at that time was still very high. After the unique Changling regulation site selection is determined, it is the establishment of the maintenance lineup of Jidi Project. From May, 1797 (the second year of Jiaqing) to September, 18 (the fifth year of Jiaqing), Emperor Jiaqing set up or changed the construction line-up of Taipingyu project for five times, including many people we are familiar with: on May 21st, 1797, Fan Yiheng, the minister of the Ministry of Commerce, Feng Lecha Deming, the left assistant minister of the Ministry of Commerce, Jueluo Tie Bao, and the left assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry. At the same time, in the case of supervision of quantity and materials in Jidi, Niu Youlu He Shen (a famous minister of Qianlong Dynasty) and Fu Changan, a minister of the Ministry of Housing, were appointed as supervision ministers; On May 14th, 1799 (the fourth year of Jiaqing), the 72-year-old Niu Youlu Chengde was replaced by Jiang Lan, the right assistant minister of the Ministry of War. On April 22, 18 (the fifth year of Jiaqing), the third-class male happiness Tala Shengzhu (the brother of Emperor Jiaqing's filial piety) was added as the minister of Xiling's internal affairs, and at the same time, the minister of the household department was appointed as the minister of inheritance. In September of the same year, Wang Chengpei (the son of Prince Wang Youdun) and Fan Jianfeng, the general of Hangzhou, were added as ministers for undertaking repairs. Thirteen people participated in the construction of Taiping Valley Mausoleum, which is enough to show that Jiaqing attached importance to his auspicious place. The statistics of Jiaqing Taipingyu Jidi's construction lineup allow it to be built as usual. Its underground palace shines better than the water valley. In the future, the Great Monument Building will be built in the north of the Seven-hole Bridge, and all the regulations outside the ticket, the imperial palace and the ticket pool will be built according to the Tailing style. Not only that, He Shen, then a university student in Wenhua Temple and minister of military aircraft, presented the design patterns and ironing samples of Taiping Valley to the imperial audience on September 16th, 1797 (the second year of Jiaqing), and Jiaqing gave an overall reply "allow it to be built as usual", but then gave the opinion that "the underground palace is better than the water valley, and all regulations outside the ticket are built according to the Tailing style". Three years later, Jiaqing once again reiterated the construction purpose of "taking the Tailing Mausoleum from outside and the Yuling Mausoleum from inside". The so-called "everything outside the ticket" or "external style" obviously refers to all the buildings that can be directly seen above the ground, while the internal style refers to the whole underground palace. In short, in the planning of Emperor Jiaqing, the ground buildings of his eternal land should be modeled after the Tailing Mausoleum and the underground buildings should be modeled after the Yuling Mausoleum. As for why we chose this unique mausoleum regulation, it is mainly influenced by the following aspects. The layout of Tailing Mausoleum is the first, and the background is superior-the new Piling Mausoleum of Yongzheng and the Zhaomu system of Qianlong. As mentioned earlier, Yongzheng chose the auspicious place in Yongning Mountain in Yixian County, which is equivalent to creating another mausoleum besides Zunhua, which is both a breakthrough and an innovation. However, faced with the problem of how to choose the right place, Qianlong finally chose Dongling as the location, and took the system of Zhao Mu, which has been passed down for thousands of years, as the reference standard for the burial place of later emperors. According to this standard, Jiaqing's auspicious place was chosen in Taiping Valley, which is located in Xiling. As the second imperial tomb in Xiling, Jiaqing has a unique and favorable reference condition: it can refer to the third mausoleum of Xiaojingyu in Dongling, or it can refer to it. Second, the eye-catching advantage-an overview of the regulation and status of Tailing and Yuling. As the first imperial tomb in the Qing Dynasty, Tailing is both the first mausoleum and the main mausoleum. In its regulation, except for the other non-Shouling (main mausoleum) regulations, Tailing, like Dongling's Xiaoling Mausoleum, has buildings such as stone archway, Dahongmen and Furnishing Hall. Yuling, located in Shengshuiyu, Dongling, is not the same as Xiaoling, the main mausoleum, in terms of regulation, but it is even worse than Tailing in Xiling in ground construction. Take the stone statue students on both sides of Shenlu Road as an example. As the main mausoleum, Tailing has only five pairs (lions, elephants, horses, civil servants and military commanders), while Yuling, which is not the first mausoleum, has as many as eight pairs (lions, elephants, horses, civil servants and military commanders, camels, unicorns). And in the Yuling underground palace, there are also many Buddhist scriptures, and the ground is paved with blue and white stones. In contrast, the Tailing underground palace has no Buddhist scriptures and is only paved with bricks, which is much inferior. There are eight pairs of stone statues in Qianlong Yuling, which are more camel unicorn and sister-in-law. Third, the multi-dimensional thinking behind Jiaqing's ingenuity. On the premise of background advantages and eye-catching advantages, Jiaqing envied the grandeur of his grandfather Yongzheng Yuling as a whole, and yearned for his father's underground palace and ground buildings in Qianlong Yuling. But envy belongs to envy. It is very important to have a clear head at this time, and Jiaqing obviously did it. He is located in Jidi, Taipingyu, only two miles away from the Tailing of the emperor's ancestors, but it is not the first mausoleum of Xiling. If we simply follow the ground regulation of father Yuling, it will obviously surpass Tailing (eight pairs of stone statues and three one-hole jade belt arch bridges), which is not only against the ancestral system, but also will inevitably be labeled as "disrespectful and unfilial". If the underground palace is simply modeled after the Tailing Mausoleum, it is far from the Yuling Mausoleum, which is not what Jiaqing expected. A bird's-eye view of Yongzheng Tailing, reasoning, Jia