[Zi Jian 365] 9.30 children make trouble in Chang 'an? Yong Zhen innovates and deducts tragedy.
Wu Fang Xiaoer Nao Chang 'an
Yong Zhen innovates and deducts tragedy.
Li was emperor for 25 years at the age of 64. 805. 1 ghost silk (23), Dezong collapsed.
Prince Li Yong acceded to the throne, meaning Shunzong. 805. 1 Wu Jia (XXIV), announced the testamentary edict in Zheng Xuan Hall, and the prince served the officials; Shen Bing (26), that is, the emperor is located in Taijitang.
Li Yong has always been sickly, but he has a special problem, that is, he can't speak. He was emperor for more than seven months before and after, so he abdicated and gave the dragon throne to Prince Chunli. This is Tang Xianzong.
These seven months are called "the first year of Yongzheng" in history, and there is nothing but a famous "Yongzheng Innovation". This is a group of young and middle-aged officials headed by Wang. They tried to reform some political and economic policies of the imperial court, but they ended in failure and staged a tragedy. Modern historians enthusiastically eulogized "Yongzhen Innovation" and gave great affirmation to it as an important political innovation movement. However, the records in Zi Jian are basically negative, especially the descriptions of the main characters such as Wang, Wang and Wang. The situation is roughly like this.
A native of Hangzhou, he is good at calligraphy, is a king, and can play Go. These two people often accompany Prince Li Yong of Dezong and have a good relationship. At the beginning of 803.7, Hanlin was waiting for a letter, and Wang was good at chess. They all went in and out of the East Palace to entertain the prince. Hey, so are Hangzhou people.
Wang is clever and knowledgeable. He has time to talk with the prince about the way of governing the country and the sufferings of the people, and he is dissatisfied with the exploitation of the "palace market". The prince was very angry: "I want to report to my father and stop this unhealthy trend!" " "803.7 Uncle Wen is full of tricks, saying that he is a scholar and knows politics, and often speaks for the prince about the sufferings of the people. The prince tried to talk to the attendants and Uncle Wen about the palace market. The prince said, "I want to talk to the extreme. "
Everyone around him agreed, but Wang disagreed: "If your highness takes the liberty to say that your majesty suspects that you have bought people's hearts, how will you explain it clearly?" It is better to calm down and wait. "Everyone praised him in 803.7, but Uncle Du was speechless. When he retired, the prince kept his uncle's letter, which said, "If you keep silent to the ruler, are you going to do evil?" Uncle Wen said, "Uncle Wen is very lucky. He saw something, but he didn't dare to hear it. The position of prince should be based on food and greetings, not foreign affairs. Your majesty has been in office for a long time. If you doubt that the prince has won the hearts of the people, why justify yourself! "
The prince felt very reasonable and regarded him as his counselor and valued him very much. The prince was startled and cried, "I don't know this, sir." So I loved my luck and fell in love with Wang Yi.
At that time, Dezong was in power, and he was old and confused. He can only listen to praise and hates criticism.
In order to please the emperor, Jinghe searched and searched as a tribute to the "envy" of the emperor. 803.3 Minister of Agriculture and Jing. In fact, the government is violent and loves it. Relying on good pride, recommending others, not worshiping officials and slandering expulsion all worked as scheduled, which made the scholar-officials look askance.
It happened to be early in the morning, and the people were dead, but he reported that "although it was early, the seedlings grew very strong." Never reduce rent or tax. The masses tear down houses and sell tiles and firewood, and some sell young crops and barely pay rent, which is very miserable. 803. 12 Jing Zhao Yin Si Wang Dao asked the yogi to give him a gift, saying, "Although it is dry this year, the seedlings are beautiful." Therefore, the rent tax is inevitable, and people are so poor that they will lose their jobs selling tiles and wheat seedlings. In Fu Duan's makeup performance, You Rencheng was funny and easily sang a song: Qin Cheng has been 200 years, when did it have such a cheap pastoral? A pile of wheat seedlings is five meters, and three rooms are two thousand yuan! ①
Schoumi is five buckets of rice with one stone; Two thousand dollars is two dollars. Chang 'an area is a treasure trove of geomantic omen in Beijing. In order to pay taxes, people sell land and houses, which is so cheap! Shi Li complained to Dezong: "Cheng Fuduan slandered national affairs!" Immediately dragged down the steps of the temple, a punishment rod killed. 803. 12 excellent people become auxiliary as rumors; Hit the auxiliary libel and kill it with a stick.
Han Yu wrote: "The people are poor, and this year's tax money, food and grass can't be paid. When the broad beans and wheat are ripe next spring, let them have a rest. " His opinion was not adopted and he was demoted to Yangshan (now Yangshan, Guangdong Province) as a county magistrate. 803. 12 supervised Han Yu's suggestion and said, "The people in Gyeonggi are poor, and those who should not be taxed this year, such as grass millet, should invite silkworms and wheat next year." The more you sit down and belittle Yangshan.
What the hell is Tang Dezong doing?
Wang's concern and dissatisfaction with is justified.
After Shunzong acceded to the throne, his voice became hoarse and he could not make a sound. He sat behind the curtain of the main hall, accompanied by eunuchs and concubines, and played with officials, separated by tents. It was Wang's idea. Usually, Wang passed his opinion to Wang Yi, Wang Yi passed it on to Li Zhongyan, and then announced it to the liegeman. 805. 1, Shunzong lost his voice and nothing could be decided. He often lives in a palace with curtains, and only Jong Li Yan and Zhao Rongniu Shi are officials. A hundred officials play things, which can be played from the curtain. From the beginning, Wang went in first and said that he would sit in the Hanlin to make a decision. With uncle's intention, he speaks and remonstrates, saying that he is ignorant at first.
As for the outside affairs, Wei Zhiyi, a bachelor of Hanlin, is in charge. 805.2 Take the friendship of LangZhongWei in the official department as Zuo Cheng and Tong Ping Zhang. Wang wants to be in charge of state affairs, first taking friendship as the phase, and taking it as the phase of China's peace.
There are several life-and-death friends, such as Han Tai, Han Wei, Lu Chun, Lu Wen, Li Jingjian, Chen Jian, Liu Zongyuan, Liu Yuxi and others, as well as Ling Zhun and Cheng Yi, all of whom are enterprising intermediate kyou-kan. They collected responses from all over the country, and cooperated with the two kings, with great momentum. Uncle Wen said because of the words of the Prince: "One can be a phase, and the other can be a general. Fortunately, I will use it another day. " Wei Zhiyi, a bachelor of Hanlin, and famous scholars at that time, such as Lu Chun, Lu Wen, Li Jingjian, Han Hua, Han Tai, Chen Jian, Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi, were regarded as best friends. Ling Zhun, Cheng Yi, etc. Because of the progress of their party, Japan and travel, no one knows the ending. It is related to the buffer region or the yin entering the capital currency.
They think that when they are in power, they can quickly change the status quo, reward each other and be full of ambition. [805.2] Taking the temple as the left, riding as the constant attendant, according to the former Hanlin, Wang and Suzhou Sigong, he lived in a shed and graduated from Hanlin. I am ugly, Wu Yu, and I am humiliated in the world; Uncle Wen, on the other hand, is quite confident, knows a little about the meaning of the text, is good at being reasonable, and is somewhat respectful to it, so he can't get in and out without hindrance. Uncle Wen went to Hanlin, but he went to persimmon forest to find Zhongyan and Niu. On the whole, Uncle Wen followed his advice, followed his advice and followed his advice. Every time I went to Hanlin in advance, I asked my uncle if I could write, and then I announced in the Chinese book that Wei Zhiyi would carry it out. Outside the Party, leaders such as Han Tai, Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi listened to foreign affairs. Ask for peace and sing, be crazy day and night, push each other for prizes, say Iraq, say Zhou, say Guan, say Ge, be complacent and say there is no one in the world. Honor and disgrace advance and retreat, born at the wrong time, only what they want, informal procedures. Scholar-officials are afraid of it, and they will see it on the road. Those who return to China will be allocated one at a time, and the number of people will be divided into one day. Its party may say "one can be an official", but it has already won it in a day or two.
Wang's home is like a busy city day and night, so are other houses. People who ask for an interview usually live near restaurants in the neighborhood. Because there are too many people, the hotel has long been overcrowded, and even a ground floor costs 1000 yuan a night. Wang Lai is particularly obscene. He was greedy and accepted the gift. He made a big cupboard to store gold and silk, and the couple took turns guarding it for fear of thieves. Relatives and friends followed them proudly. [805.2] So Wen Shu and his party were busy day and night at the gates of more than ten houses. When guests meet Uncle Wen and stay in the bakery and wine cellar of their workshop, it is acceptable for them to spend 1000 yuan each. Especially obscene. It is specially used for accepting bribes. It is a big warehouse for storing gold and silk, and couples sleep on it.
Thanks to the support of Shunzong, the reformists did a lot of good things and really benefited the people. The first is to grant amnesty to the whole country and exempt all taxes owed to the country by the way. In addition to the regular tax twice a year, it is not allowed to increase taxes and miscellaneous fees. The contributions of all localities should be in accordance with official regulations, and the redundant "envy" will be cancelled. The maladies of the Dezong period, such as "Miyagi" and "Five Children", will be eliminated. 【 805.2 】 Jia Zi went to the Royal Fengdan Gate to forgive the world. In addition to the regular tribute, I was told to enter the service. At the end of Zhenyuan, political affairs were all patients, such as children in Miyagi and Wu Fang, so forget about it.
The so-called five workshops are carving workshop, stork workshop, harrier workshop, eagle workshop and dog workshop. Children are managers and are set for hunting. Under the pretext of catching birds, they set up fences in front of their neighbors' houses, and people had to pay for entering and leaving the gates. Whoever goes near the fence without paying puts on a big hat: "Do you dare to scare away the emperor's birds?" Give a good beating first, then send it to the government and pay the insurance money before releasing it. These children often go to restaurants to eat and drink. When they are drunk and full, they start to leave. The shopkeeper didn't know his identity and stopped him from asking for money. He immediately punched the shopkeeper black and blue and asked, "Do you know who we are?" Sometimes a bag of poisonous snakes and centipedes is left as money for wine and meals: "Take good care of it and we will come back to redeem it;" You are responsible for the whole death! "Shopkeepers only kowtow and beg them to take it away. How dare they mention the money for drinking? These disadvantages were heard when Shunzong was a prince, and Wang often mentioned them. Now that he is in power, he will be removed soon. (805.2) First, when children catch birds in the alley, they all ask people for money and things by violence. Until there is a net at the door, no one is allowed to go in or out, or the ambassador on the well is not allowed to draw. Nearby, Mo said, "You are surprised to sacrifice birds! "That is, fight, pay and go. Or get together to eat and drink in a restaurant, get drunk and leave. If the seller doesn't know, he will be beaten. Sometimes I leave a bag of snakes as hostages and say, "If this snake catches a bird, I'll leave it to you now. Fortunately, I will feed it well and keep it from being hungry. " The seller was ashamed to give thanks, begged for mercy and left with a whip. In Dongguan, everyone knows its disadvantages, so the ban was first opened.
When Dezong was in power, there was no amnesty for ten years. Courtiers who committed minor crimes were exiled to other places and could not be promoted. Now we have a chance to mobilize. For example, Zhongzhou didn't drive Lu Zhi, Chenzhou didn't drive Zheng Yuqing, Gao Han, the secretariat of Hangzhou, and Yangcheng, the secretariat of Daozhou, all first-class figures in the imperial court, the quintessence of China, were called into Beijing this time. Unfortunately, both Lu Zhi and Yangcheng died of illness a few days before they were pardoned. [805.3] In the last years of Dezong, ten years were unforgivable, and all the ministers were no longer used to being responsible, even the forehead was moved. Ren Shen (the third grade) chased Zhongzhou, not driving Lu Zhi and Chenzhou, not driving Zheng Yuqing, Gao Han, the secretariat of Hangzhou, and Yangcheng, the secretariat of Daozhou, to Beijing. ... neither Bo nor Yangcheng heard of dying after the imperial edict.
This is a glorious period for political innovators.
Du You is an experienced financial official, and he is a salt and iron transshipment ambassador. In 805.3, Du You added Du You's branches and various salt and iron transporters.
Wang wants to master the financial power, rely on Du You's prestige, use his consent, and discuss with his colleagues day and night. He is ambitious and plans to further reform. 805.3 Take Wang as the branch, and concurrently serve as the transportation assistant of salt and iron. First, Uncle Wen colluded with his party, holding the national tax in his hand, so that he could win over all the people, win over the hearts of the sergeant and consolidate his power, but he was afraid of suddenly imposing heavy power and the people would not accept it. Du has the name of accountant, with a heavy position, self-sufficient affairs and easy control. So the shilling protected the Lord's name, and he was self-sufficient as a deputy. Although Uncle Wen was sentenced to two ambassadors, he didn't care about writing books. He secretly wrote with a party screen day and night, and people couldn't know what he had done.
Also called Han Tai master imperial, in charge of the affairs of the Ce Shen army. 805.5 Xin Wei (the third grade) took Fan Xichao, the right general of Jinwu, as the left and right god, and planned the palace of Zhucheng Town in the west of Beijing. JOE (the sixth day) took Han Tai, a doctor from Du Zhi, as his marching horse. Wang knew that he hated domestic troubles and foreign invasion, and wanted to seize the eunuch's relieving power to strengthen himself. He hoped that the Korean veterans could play the name of the Lord, but in fact, he specialized in playing Thailand. People's feelings do not predict what they do, which is conducive to doubt and fear.
When they got the financial and military power, they thought victory was in their hands, and they were so arrogant that they were envied by a large group of civil and military elders. Eunuchs, in particular, hated this group of reformers and gnashed their teeth, trying to chew them up and swallow them willingly. These people soon joined forces to cajole Shunzong's son, Chun Li, and formed a powerful opposition group. Among them, eunuch leader, veteran Jia Dan, Wei Gao, Du, Jin Wu General Yuan Zi and so on are all very powerful figures. The speech part colluded to win over, waiting for the opportunity to move, waiting for the opportunity to start.
Wang and others feel that the situation is critical, but they are weak and lack strong backing. Once they lose the support of Shunzong, they are just a group of helpless "literati". Can they stand the old soldier's boxing slap? Of course not!
The opposition saw the weakness and tried their best to play an idea on the emperor. At this time, Shunzong's illness worsened, and the ministers even coaxed him to pass on the throne to his son, which soon achieved his goal. 805.3 Eunuchs, eunuchs, and Xue Yingzhen all served as old people in the imperial court first, and their cronies, such as discipline and remonstrance, were arrogant and domineering, so they called Bachelor Hanlin, Wei Cigong, Li Cheng and Wang Ya into the Golden Palace to establish a prince system. At that time, Niu Zhaorong's generation regarded Guangling Wang Chunyingrui as evil; No longer please, the book paper presents the words "firm intention, long-lasting ambition"; Shang Qizhi. On 24th, Li Chun became a prince and changed his name to Chun.
On the day when Shunzong conferred the title of Prince Chun Li, the old ministers were so excited that tears filled their eyes, but Wang was so sad that he could not speak. He stood in the temple for a long time before whispering Du Fu's famous sentence: "But he died before he could conquer, and the hero cried on his skirt!" Everyone who heard it was laughing and cursing: "Hero? Are you a hero? Failure is doomed, and heroes have no points! " 805.4 On the sixth day, Yi Si went to Zheng Xuan Hall, where he was registered as a prince. When the officials saw the appearance of the prince and retired, they all congratulated each other. Those who felt crying were overjoyed at home and abroad. The king was so depressed that he dared not speak. He only recited Du Fu's "Zhuge Liang's Ancestral Hall": "If he failed to conquer, he was dead, and the hero shed tears on his long clothes." People who smell it will whisper to each other.
Wang stood upright, bleeding from his heart, and his good wish to reform graft was shattered. Maybe put a butcher knife around his neck.
Then, the powerful figure Wei Gao went to the emperor's table and demanded that the king be punished. 805.6 Gao thinks highly of himself, and he is far away in western Sichuan. The king is unshakable, so he is extremely treacherous. In Russia, my ambassadors in Beijing south and Hedong follow suit, with the same intention, relying on both China and foreign countries, and evil parties are frightened.
At this time, the Shence Army was provoked by eunuchs and refused Han Tai's command, and the relieving immediately fell. 805.6 Wang took Fan Xichao and Han Tai as the main commanders of Jingxi Shence Army, but the officials have not lost. At the edge of the meeting, all the generals resigned as lieutenants, saying that they belonged to Greece. At first, the officer was caught by Uncle Wen and others, and he was furious and said, "If you follow this plan, you will die at my hand." He ordered his special envoy to return to the generals, saying, "No soldier belongs to one person." I wish to serve heaven, not heaven. When Han Tai Chi turned white, Uncle Moon Hee could do nothing but say, "What can I do?" ! What can I do? "
Knowing that he was a complete failure, Wang immediately resigned from his official position and left the leading position of reform by visiting the sick. Wang Lai pretended to have a stroke, carried it home and never came out again. Very few. Her mother is very ill. Chen Bing and Uncle Wensheng drank with Li Zhongyan, Ju Wenzhen and Liu Guang in Hanlin. Uncle Wen said in classical Chinese: "Uncle Wen's mother is ill, because she is responsible for state affairs and can't take care of medicine." Now she will take time off to serve. " Uncle Wen tried his best to avoid danger, which was the favor of the court. I'll give you a hundred slanderers as soon as I get home. Who will give you a word? "Do as he says, but Uncle Wen can't be right, but he advised him not to drink. Ding Si (20), Uncle Wen lost his mother.
In August this year, Prince Li of Alcohol acceded to the throne, that is, Tang Xianzong. In August, 805, Gengzi (the fourth day of April, four years) adopted the system of "making the prince the throne, which I call the emperor's father, and making it a patent."
Then it was decreed that the king should be the secretariat of Yuzhou and the king should be the Sima of Kaizhou. Soon, Wang Lai died in the detention center. In the second year, Xian Zong ordered Wang to commit suicide. In 805, Ren Yin (sixth day) was demoted to "Sima of Kaizhou" and "King of Secretariat of Yuzhou". I'm looking for a dead place. Next year, Uncle Wen will die.
In September, Xianzong continued to preach a letter; Han Tai was demoted to Fuzhou secretariat, Han Ye to Chizhou secretariat, Liu Zongyuan to Shaozhou secretariat and Liu Yuxi to Lianzhou secretariat. 805.9. Sima Hantai was demoted to Fuzhou secretariat in March, while our secretary appointed Langzhong Hanye as Chizhou secretariat, Liu Zongyuan as Shaozhou secretariat and Liu Yuxi as Lianzhou secretariat.
Two months later, the old ministers talked about it one after another: "These people disturb the Chaogang and want to be the secretariat. It's too cheap, we don't accept it! " Xianzong didn't listen, changed the original decision, aggravated the punishment, and told them all to be state Sima, two levels lower than the secretariat. These people are the "Eight Sima" after the failure of "Yongzhen Innovation" in history. 805. 1 1 Chaoyi said that Wang Yi or the self-appointed foreign minister is the secretariat, which is too light. Ji Mao (13) demoted Han Tai to Qianzhou Sima, Han Ye to Raozhou Sima, Liu Zongyuan to Yongzhou Sima, Liu Yuxi to Longzhou Sima, and demoted Taizhou Sima. The state secretariat of Lingzhun was Lianzhou Sima, and the state secretariat of Yuezhou was Chenzhou Sima.
So the reformists collapsed. Being down and out in politics is a grievance, and grievances often give people incentives. If there is injustice, it will be heard and driven out. Expressed in poetry articles, it can move people's hearts most. Just like the poems written by Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi when they went to the relegation house together, Liu Zongyuan's prose "Eight Stories of Yongzhou" is the most wonderful work. A blessing in disguise is a blessing in disguise. Most of the descendants have forgotten the names of Tang Xianzong and the opposition, but they will always remember and recite those sentimental poems!
(1) this song can be found in the biography of old Tang Li Shushi.