In history, what are the wars in which more wins than less?
The Battle of a Giant Deer
In 29 BC, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang rose up in osawa Township to resist the rule of Qin Dynasty, which ignited the fire of the first peasant uprising in China. For a time, "the followers of the world are like running water". Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu set out in Jiangdong and made Chu Huaiwang's grandson as emperor, also known as Chu Huaiwang, with its capital in Xuyi. Zhang Er and Chen Yu took part in the uprising, made Zhao Xie king, made their capital in Xindu (near Xingtai City) and established Zhao State. The rulers of the Qin Dynasty brutally suppressed the peasant uprising. In 28 BC, Zhang Han, the general of Qin Dynasty, led an army to attack Zhao in the north, and the army was in Handan. The Zhao army was exhausted and surrendered to the stag, and was besieged by the departure of the king of Qin. At that time, there were more than 3, people in Qin Jun who attacked Zhao in Hebei. At this time, there are not many troops in Julu City, and the food and grass will be exhausted. Although Zhao Jiang Chen Yu led tens of thousands of troops to the north of the giant deer, he did not dare to send troops and build a camp wall to protect himself. Other armies of Qi and Yan, which aided Zhao, were also shocked by the momentum of Chi, and they all built a base and stuck to it, afraid to go to war.
When the giant deer was besieged, Zhao asked Chu for help. Chu Huaiwang took Song Yi as the general, Xiang Yu as the second general, and led the army north to save Zhao. However, Song Yi was frightened by Qin Jun's arrogance, and stayed in Xiangyang (now Caoxian County, Shandong Province) for 46 days without daring to move forward. Xiang Yu killed Song Yi in anger, and Chu Huaiwang made Xiang Yu a general.
Xiang Yu advanced Ying Bu and General Pu to attack Qin with 2, troops. Then he led the main force to cross the river. In order to show his determination to fight to the death with Qin, he ordered the soldiers to sink the ship, smash the rice cooker and burn down the camp, with only three days' dry food. Xiang Yu first surrounded Wang Li with thunder, and after going back and forth for nine times, he cut off the Qin Jun passage and achieved great results. Qin Jiang Su Jiao was killed, Wang Li was taken prisoner, and died of self-immolation. In the battle, the Chu army "took one as ten" and "shouted loudly". The other armies that helped Zhao watched from the camp wall, too frightened to go to war. After that, Xiang Yu defeated Qin Jun again and again, and Zhang Han had to raise the flag, so Xiang Yu gained great prestige.
The Battle of Julu wiped out 3, main troops in Qin Jun. This played a decisive role in finally overthrowing the rule of the Qin Dynasty. Sima Qian, a great writer, described and edited this great battle in detail in Records of the Historian * Biography of Xiang Yu, which became an immortal pen with a long history. "Burn your bridges" and "sit on the sidelines" have gradually become two widely circulated idioms.
The Battle of Kunyang
The Battle of Kunyang broke out in the first year of make a new start (23 years). It was a strategic decisive battle for the outlaw rebels to overthrow Wang Mang's regime, and it was also a typical war example in Chinese history. In this decisive battle, the peasant uprising army led by Liu Xiu and others wiped out the main force of Wang Mang's army in one fell swoop with fearless courage and flexible tactics, which rang the death knell of the complete collapse of the Xinmang Dynasty. It has certain progressive significance in history.
at the end of the western Han dynasty, politics was decadent, the economy was depressed, the people were in dire straits, and crises were everywhere. Wang Mang, a consort, took advantage of this situation, played politics, seized power and established a new dynasty. However, after Wang Mang came to power, the practice of "relying on the ancients to reform the system" not only failed to improve the situation, but led to more intensified class contradictions. The broad masses of people, fed up with it, rose up one after another to resist the new headstrong rule by force. For a time, the uprising fire burned all over the north and south of the Yellow River and Jianghan area, and the Xinmang dynasty was completely in a state of betrayal and turmoil.
among the many peasant rebel armies at that time, the Green Forest and the Red Eyebrow were the most powerful. Militarily, they constantly attacked the forces of the new Mang, and gradually advanced to the central area ruled by Wang Mang. The Xin Mang Dynasty was unwilling to quit the historical stage and put together its forces for a dying struggle, so the peasant uprising entered the final offensive stage. The battle of Kunyang is the product of this historical background.
At the beginning of the fourth year of Dihuang in Xinmang (23rd year), various ministries in greenwood hero attacked Chimei in the east by Wang Mang's main force. When the Central Plains was empty, they sent troops to the north and defeated Zhen Fu, a soldier from Jingzhou, the king of Mang, and Liang Qiu's troops in Pishui (now Biyang, Henan). Then he defeated Yan You and Chen Mao in Ganyang (now northeast of Xinye in the south of the river), and his forces quickly developed to more than 1, people. Under the situation of victorious March, the peasant army began to sprout the requirement of establishing political power, so in February, Liu Xuan, a descendant of the Han family, was elected emperor, and the Han system was restored, with the title of make a new start. The establishment of make a new start regime marked a new stage of peasant uprising, and Wang Mang became increasingly passive in political and military aspects.
after the establishment of the make a new start regime, the main force went northward to besiege Wancheng (now Nanyang, Henan), a strategic place, and moved into Mengchuan area. In order to prevent Wang Mang's army from going south and ensure the main force to take action, the make a new start regime sent Wang Feng, Wang Chang and Liu Xiu to command some troops. When Yan You and Chen Maojun were stranded in Yingchuan County, they quickly captured Kunyang (now Ye County, Henan Province), Dingling (now Wuyang North, Henan Province), Yan County (now Yancheng South, Henan Province) and other places, and besieged Wancheng. This created favorable conditions for the next attack on Luoyang, joining forces with the Red Eyebrow Army, and entering Chang 'an through Wuguanxi, so as to destroy the Wang Mang regime.
Wang Mang's regime was very uneasy about the strategic trend of the peasant uprising army in make a new start, so it hurriedly changed its military deployment and turned its main force from dealing with Red Eyebrows to make a new start Army. In March, Wang Mang sent Wang Yi, a great general, and King Situ to Luoyang, where he recruited 42, elite soldiers from all counties, claiming that millions marched southward to attack the make a new start army, in an attempt to fight the peasant army with superior forces and win in one fell swoop, so as to ensure Wancheng, settle Jingzhou and ensure the safety of Chang 'an and Luoyang.
In May, Wang Yi and Wang Xun led their troops out of Luoyang in the west and into Yingchuan in the south, where they joined Yan You and Chen Mao, and forced Liu Xiu, the make a new start army who had arrived in Yangguan in advance, to withdraw to Kunyang. Then, continue to push forward, forcing near Kunyang.
when 42, Wang Mang troops approached Kunyang, there were only 89, make a new start troops in Kunyang. At the beginning, the opinions of make a new start peasant army were not unified on how to deal with the formidable enemy. Some generals think that it is difficult to win because the enemy and our forces are outnumbered, so they advocate avoiding decisive battle and breaking it into parts, returning to the base area first, and then making plans. However, Liu Xiuze opposed this negative practice, and advocated concentrating forces, sticking to Kunyang, delaying and consuming the forces of Wang Yi's army, covering the main force to capture Wancheng, and then waiting for an opportunity to break the enemy. At this time, Wang Yi's vanguard troops were approaching the north of Kunyang City. At this critical juncture, the generals agreed to Liu Xiu's suggestion. It is determined that Wang Feng and Wang Chang will lead the troops to hold the city, and Liu Xiu and Li Yi will be sent out of the city at night at a rate of 13, and they will rush to Yan County and Dingling to mobilize reinforcements.
Wang Yi, Wang Xun and others led the Xinmang army to the gate of Kunyang and besieged it completely. At this time, Yan You, who had fought with greenwood hero, suggested to Wang Yi: Kunyang City is easy to defend but difficult to attack, and the main force of make a new start peasant army is in the area of Wancheng. Our army should bypass Kunyang and rush to Wancheng quickly, first defeating the main force of make a new start Army there, and then Kunyang City can be defeated without fighting. However, Wang Yi and others, relying on their strong strength, simply refused to listen to this appropriate opinion and insisted on capturing Kunyang first, and then attacking the main force of make a new start peasant army. So he used all his troops to set up more than 1 camps and stormed Kunyang. And arrogantly threatened: "A million teachers, who have gone too far, should be destroyed. Today, they are slaughtering this city, advancing in blood, and dancing before the song, but they are not quick!"
More than 4, Wang Yi troops took turns to attack Kunyang City, digging tunnels and making cloud cars in an attempt to storm and win. The defenders of Kunyang had no way out, so they relied on the support of the people in the city, resisted together, stuck to Wei Cheng, and repeatedly repelled the attack of Wang Yi's army, which caused great consumption and frustration to the enemy.
Seeing that Kunyang City could not be attacked repeatedly, Yan You suggested to Wang Yi once again: "The siege must be lenient, so that some defenders in the city can escape to the gate of Wanyang City to spread terror, so as to shake the enemy's morale and disintegrate the enemy's morale." However, the headstrong Wang Yi still failed to adopt it.
after Liu xiu and others arrived in Dingling and Yan county, they persuaded the battalion commanders who were unwilling to send troops, and on the first day of June, they led more than 1, people to rescue Kunyang. At this time, Wang Yi's army was exhausted after a long battle, and its spirit had already been lost, which provided an opportunity for make a new start's army to break it. Liu Xiu personally led more than a thousand reinforcements to ride as a striker, and lined up in a position two or three kilometers away from Wangyi Army, ready to engage. Wang Yi, Wang Xun and others rely on their strong forces, arrogant and arrogant, and only send thousands of people to fight. Liu Xiu led the troops to attack bravely, repeatedly dashed and killed dozens of Wang Yi troops on the spot, and won the first battle, which greatly boosted morale.
By this time, the main force of make a new start Rebel Army had captured Wancheng for three days, but the good news had not reached Kunyang. In order to boost the morale of the whole army and shake the enemy's morale, Liu Xiu made a battle report to conquer Wancheng and shot an arrow into Kunyang City. He deliberately lost the battle report and let Wang Yijun pick it up and spread it. Once the news spread, the morale of the defenders in Kunyang City was even higher and the defenders were more determined. However, Wang Yijun's morale was even more depressed because he was unable to attack Kunyang for a long time and heard that Wancheng fell. Shengli's balance began to tilt to the side of the insurgents.
after winning the first battle, Liu Xiu was good at catching fighter planes. Taking advantage of the enemy's demoralization and the weakness of the commander's arrogance and underestimation of the enemy, he selected 3, warriors, made an unexpected detour to the enemy's side, secretly waded through Kunshui (now Huihe River in Yexian County, Henan Province) and launched an extremely fierce attack on Wang Yi's base camp. At this time, Wang Yi and others still despised the Han army and ignored Liu Xiu. At the same time, they were worried that the state and county soldiers were out of control, so they ordered each battalion to rein in their own soldiers and not to send troops without authorization. Instead, they and Wang Xun led ten thousand people to fight Liu Xiu's attack. However, this practice of Wang Yi caused serious consequences: under the fierce attack of Liu Xiu's elite soldiers, more than 1, men under Wang Yi quickly fell into the predicament of passive beating and the battle was in chaos. However, due to Wang Yi's prior orders, no one dared to go to the rescue, which led to the defeat of Wang Yi's army, and Wang Xun also became a ghost under the sword. The defenders in Kunyang saw that the enemy commander had left the army, and the enemy's position was in chaos. They also took advantage of the situation to attack in time, and they were attacked inside and outside, and the sound of ShaSheng shook the world, and Wang Yi's whole army was completely defeated. Seeing that the general situation was gone, Wang Yi's soldiers fled for their lives, trampling on each other and accumulating corpses all over the field. At this time, it happened that the wind was flying tiles, the rainstorm was like a note, and the drowning water rose sharply. There were countless Wang Yi troops who waded to escape and drowned, which made the drowning water stop flowing. Only a few people, such as Wang Yi and Yan You, escaped awkwardly and fled into Luoyang. To the north, the battle of Kunyang ended in the brilliant victory of make a new start Rebels in annihilating the main force of Wang Mang's army and gaining all its equipment and trench.
The battle of Kunyang was the decisive battle in the uprising of Greenwood and Red Eyebrow. It gathered the main force of the army that Wang Mang relied on to maintain his rule, and created favorable conditions for the insurgents to successfully March into Luoyang and Chang 'an and finally overthrow the rule of Xin Mang.
in the battle of Kunyang, the strength of Wang Mang's army was 42,, while the total strength of make a new start Rebels guarding the city and foreign aid was only 2,. However, under such a disparity in strength, it is by no means accidental that the insurgents can win a brilliant victory in wiping out the enemy. To sum up, there are several main points: politically resisting Wang Mang's tyrannical rule conforms to the wishes and demands of the broad masses of people, so it has won the support and support of the people, which is the profound political root for the rebels to win in the Kunyang War. Militarily, the insurgents carried out the correct practice of sticking to Kunyang, containing the enemy, mobilizing troops and actively counterattacking, which seriously delayed the action of Wang Yi's army, consumed its strength and firmly grasped the initiative of the battlefield offensive and defensive. In the specific application of operational guidance, the insurgents dare to fight, have high morale, and are good at taking advantage of the enemy's weaknesses, attacking the heart and attacking the military, destroying the enemy's fighting will, and accumulating small victories into great victories; And can grasp the fighter plane, choose the enemy headquarters as the primary attack target, and smash it in one fell swoop, making the enemy in a leaderless situation, and finally it is difficult to escape the fate of failure.
Three Guandu Wars
In 2 AD, Yuan Shao selected 1, elite infantry and 1, cavalry, with Liyang as the base camp; Command Yan Liang as a pioneer, crossing the river to attack the white horse. Cao Cao used Xun You's plan to threaten to copy Yuan Shao's posterior approach when crossing the river. Yuan Shao ordered Yan Liang to divide his troops by half to Yanjin to stop Cao Cao from crossing the river. Cao Cao ordered Yu Jin to stick to Yanjin, with Zhang Liao and Guan Yu as pioneers, and personally led the main force to pounce on the white horse, and attacked Yan Liang with Liu Yan, the satrap of Dongjun County, and Yan Liang was killed.
Yuan Shao was furious and ordered the whole army to cross the river. He also ordered another confidant general, Wen Chou and Liu Bei, to take the lead and pounce on the white horse. Cao Cao gave up the white horse and retreated to Yanjin, and personally coached the elite behind the house, and deliberately put the trench; Wen Chou and Liu Bei pursued with more than 6, cavalry, and scattered to grab the trench; Cao Cao took the opportunity to order an attack, Yuan Jun was in chaos, and Wen Chou himself was killed; Cao Cao returned to Guandu to lure the enemy in. Yuan Shao didn't listen to Tian Feng's counsel, and escorted him to Yecheng. Yuan Shao spread out his joint venture and advanced step by step; Cao Cao responded by ordering Yu Ban and Le Jin to attack the two wings and win a great victory. In order to win, Yuan Shao turned against Li Tong and Liu Pi in the south. Instead of betraying, Li Tong led the troops to destroy the local strongmen who secretly passed Lombardi; Cao Cao also ordered Coss and Xu Huang to lead the cavalry to suppress Liu Pi and Liu Bei at night.
When Yuan Shao failed to make a plan, he gave birth to another plan, writing a book to let Jiangdong Sun Ce attack Xuchang in the north; Guo Jia, Cao Cao's counselor, thought that Sun Ce was too frivolous and would die at the hands of an assassin. Sure enough, Sun Ce was stopped by an enemy and died of serious injuries (it was said that Guo Jia secretly sent Cao Cao's brave men to kill Sun Ce). Cao Cao and Yuan Shao were at loggerheads for a long time, and they were short of rations, so they wanted to return to Xuchang. Xun Wenruo urged Cao Cao to stick to it and give maximum support to the front. In October of 2 AD, Cao Cao ordered Coss and Xu Huang to sneak attack on Han Meng, the general of Yuan Shao, and burned thousands of wagons and hay escorted by Han Meng. Xu You, an adviser to Yuan Shao, suggested that Yuan Shao send a partial division to attack Xuchang and steal the Han Emperor. After being rejected, Xu You had no choice but to take refuge in Cao Cao because his family was put in prison by Shen Pei, and suggested that Cao Cao attack the Wu nest where Yuan Jun's grain and hay were piled up. Cao Cao left Cao Hong and others to guard the camp, led Xia Houyuan, Zhang Liao, Coss and others straight to the nest, and ordered Xu Huang to attack Yuan Jun's other hay dump. Cao Jun pretended to be Yuan Jun, cheated Yuan Jun's interrogation and attacked Wu Chao.
When the news reached Yuan Shaoer, Yuan Shaoer did not listen to the advice of General Zhang Heying to save Wu Chao. However, Guo Tu, the counselor, gave orders to Zhang He and Gao Lan to storm the Jun camp with heavy troops, and only sent a few cavalry to save Wu's nest. When the reinforcements arrived at Wuchao, Cao Caoxian concentrated on capturing Wuchao Yuan Barracks, capturing the commander Chunyu Qiong and burning all the materials. Then turn around and defeat the Yuan Jun cavalry who came to save; At the same time, Xu Huang also captured the old city and burned all the materials. When the news reached Yuan Jun's camp, Guo Tu made a rumor that Zhang He gloated over the defeat of Wu Chao, and sent someone to inform Zhang He that Yuan Shao wanted to kill Zhang He, but Zhang He had no choice but to surrender to Jun. Cao Caosui launched a massive counterattack, Yuan Jun had no fighting spirit, and most of them surrendered to Cao Jun; Yuan Shao and others only fled with 8 Qinbing; After that, more than 7, surrendered soldiers were ordered to be buried alive by Cao Cao, and Ju Shou, a genius counselor, surrendered because of Cao Cao's sincerity. Later, he learned that his family was safe in Hebei and wanted to flee to the north and was killed. Tian Feng, another important adviser of Yuan Shao, was killed by Yuan Shao who listened to slanderers.
Guandu War can be said to be the most wonderful battle in the Three Kingdoms period and a famous example in the history of war. It marked that Cao Cao officially dominated the north and laid the foundation for the reunification of the north.
Four Battle of Red Cliffs
After basically unifying the north, Cao Cao sent his troops south in July of the 13th year of Jian 'an, in an attempt to wipe out Liu Biao and Sun Quan in Jingzhou and unify the whole country. In August, Liu Biao died of illness, and his second son, Liu Cong, was in Xiangyang and Liu Bei was in Fancheng. In September, Cao Cao arrived in Xinye, and Liu Cong surrendered without fighting. Because Jiangling stored a large number of grain and grass weapons of Liu Biao, Liu Bei moved from Fancheng to Jiangling.