By imitating the famous houses with their own characteristics, write down the houses in southern Anhui, Beijing quadrangles, yurts and Tujia diaojiao buildings.
The gate of quadrangles is usually opened in the southeast corner or northwest corner. The north house in the yard is the first one, which is built on the masonry abutment, bigger than other houses, and it is the owner's living room. There are east and west wing rooms on both sides of the yard, where the younger generation live. There is a corridor between the main room and the wing room for people to walk and rest. The walls of quadrangles and houses facing the street generally do not open windows, and the environment in the courtyard is closed and quiet.
There are large and small quadrangles in Beijing, but no matter how big or small, they are all made up of quadrangles surrounded by houses on all sides. The simplest quadrangle has only one yard, while the more complicated one has two or three yards. The deep house compound where the rich live is usually the house in the north of China, and the quadrangle in Beijing is the most representative. As a traditional residence in Beijing, quadrangles appeared in the Yuan Dynasty (A.D.1271–1368). However, most of the existing quadrangles were built from the Qing Dynasty (A.D.1644–1911) to the 1930s.
The word "four" in the quadrangle represents the southeast, northwest and four sides; "Together" means surrounded. In other words, quadrangles are surrounded by houses or walls. The architectural layout inside, under the control of feudal patriarchal ethics, symmetrically arranged houses and courtyards according to the north-south central axis. Siheyuan is a general term. Due to the size and orientation of the building area, there are large quadrangles, small quadrangles and three-dimensional quadrangles in the spatial combination.
In quadrangles, windows are generally not opened except for the gate. Even if the window is opened, only the south house opens a small window at the height of the south wall for lighting. So as long as the gate is closed, a closed small environment will be formed in the yard. People living in quadrangles don't often associate with their neighbors. In the small courtyard, the family lived a different life. It can be said that the quadrangle is a peaceful and quiet nest found by Beijingers in the torrent of history and turbulent social situation. Generations of Beijingers have spent a long time in these countless quadrangles, large and small. The north room is the tallest, built on the basis of four steps, and the east and west rooms are one step lower, surrounded by cloisters in front of them. The North House is the center of the quadrangle. There are three big rooms, the one in the middle is called the hall, and no one can live in it. Calligraphy and painting and couplets are hung on the north wall of the house, and there is a long case made of hardwood against the wall. There are vases and incense sticks on the case, and in the middle is a wooden ancestral tablet. In front of the long table is a square table with two plush chairs on each side. On holidays, there are snacks on the table to worship ancestors. The elders sat in plush chairs, and the younger generations went forward in turn to kowtow to the old people and seek happiness. Later, these old customs and habits were abolished, but the big events at home were still held in the main hall.