Chapter 9 What is the influence of arithmetic in the history of Chinese mathematics?
It is an important milestone in the development history of ancient mathematics in China, and its great influence on the development of ancient mathematics in China is unmatched by any other mathematics books. Almost became synonymous with ancient mathematics in China. Mathematicians in China have benefited from this,
Constantly push forward the development of mathematics in China.
When and where "Nine Chapters Arithmetic" was written is still inconclusive. However, judging from the existing historical materials, such as Ma Xu and Zheng Xuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty, they all studied or studied the book. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, this book was even stipulated as the basis for the national inspection of weights and measures, which shows that this book has been widely circulated in the Eastern Han Dynasty. As for the author of Nine Chapters of Arithmetic, we think that this book was compiled, revised and gradually enriched by many people in a long period of time. For example, Liu Hui once said: "Those who burned books violently in the Qin Dynasty were scattered by the technique. Since then, Zhang Cang, Hou Peiping in Han Dynasty, Zhong Cheng and Geng Shouchang, a senior farmer, have all used good fortune telling. Cang et al. are called deletion and supplement because of the remnants of old texts. Therefore, the purpose of the school is ancient or different, and the commentator is closer to the language. "
The nine chapters on arithmetic are very rich in content. It appears in the form of problem set, which contains 2 4 6 application questions related to production practice, including questions, answers and skills.
There are illustrations. It is divided into nine chapters: square field, millet, decline, few but wide, business merit, equal loss, insufficient victory, equation and pythagorean. These topics come from reality, and have been transformed, sorted and invented.
So as to make it more general. The answer to the question is simple and clear. The trick is to compile the calculation steps into a program in a concise and standardized language.
Some theorems or formulas have been formed. This writing became a model of China's ancient mathematical works, and was basically adopted in China's mathematical works before16th century.
The nine chapters of arithmetic focus on calculation, which embodies the principle of emphasizing practicality, but there is no lack of theoretical basis.
Such as addition and subtraction, meridian rate, formula, pythagorean theorem, etc. Nine Chapters Arithmetic is the earliest book in the world that systematically describes fractional operation. Among them, the residual algorithm is an amazing creation; The chapter "Equation" also expounds the negative number and its addition and subtraction algorithm for the first time in the history of world mathematics. In algebra, Nine Chapters Arithmetic put forward the concept of negative number and the law of addition and subtraction of positive and negative numbers for the first time in the history of world mathematics. The solution of linear equations taught in middle school is basically the same as that introduced in Chapter 9 Arithmetic. Although the formulas for solving individual problems have errors or only provide approximate calculation methods,
But it basically embodies the principle of combining theory with practice. "Nine Chapters Arithmetic" aims at solving problems and combines algebra with geometry. Geometry and algebra are intertwined, complement each other and exemplify each other.
It embodies the idea of combining numbers with shapes. This has become a feature of China's mathematical development in later generations.
Hope to adopt