Volume 43 of "Zhu Zi Yu Lei" and Analects of Confucius 25

◎Zilu Chapter

△Zilu asked about the political chapter

Question: "'First, Lao', the word 'Lao' has two sounds, and there are Do you think so?" He said: "If you work hard and work hard, you will have to work hard to get him. The poem says, "The star is spoken long ago, and it is said in the mulberry field." , wearing a star, I must endure hard work before I can win people. If I want the people to care for my relatives, I must first show filial piety; if I want the people to do well, I must first ask for help from my brothers. The sage told him that "no tiredness" is a difficult thing for people, so he encouraged him with "no fatigue". Said: "To say this does not fully explain the principles of government. If you use words to exhort it, it is not important, it is also a superficial matter. Needless to say, a saint does not necessarily mean to be tireless. Toil means to be diligent in doing things, and to be diligent in doing things. When people are doing things, they have a sense of tiredness, so it is best to teach them to work. The words "行" and "事" under Dongpo are the best." Or ask: "Can you love without working?" " Said: "This 'labor' is to make it work. "[Qianzhi]

Wen Zhen asked: "In all things for the people, if you put yourself first, you will not complain even if you work hard. "How?" He said: "Anything that involves hard work must be done by oneself, so that one can lead it. For example, when teaching people about farming and mulberry planting, one must not be afraid of hard work, and cultivate the land themselves." Recorded as "Xingxingqianmo", you can get it by doing something with him. "[He Sun] Annotation."

Question: "Su said that the word 'lao' is not very clear." He said: "First, it means leading others; "lao" means working hard for him." [Baht]

Question: " "Be the first, work hard," which one is better?" Hengqu said, "You must do it yourself, and you don't love the hard work, but you don't get tired of it." This is a good saying. "Is it hard work for those who advocate for themselves?" He said, "That's not true. If you advocate for yourself, you don't love the hard work, and you never get tired. These are the three things." Go. Fake. Jiyi.

Zhong Gong is the Ji family's chief minister

Pan Lizhi asked, "You have a secretary first." He said: "Every government has its own affairs, depending on its size. You must first ask others to take care of it, and then you can succeed in it. And like the matter of Qiangu, the number of incomings and outgoings must be taught to come one by one. You can only test the success of your own family. And now as a prefect, everyone thinks that it is not allowed to have officials criticize Zhu. Seeing that he was being pursued, he immersed himself in making another complaint. If he didn't approve it, how could he judge it? He just wanted to guard against the disadvantages. If after that, someone might complain or make one or two self-examinations, it would be helpful. If the criticism is not true, it must be treated severely to prevent its harm. "[He Sun]

Question: "Chengzi said: 'You can see that Zhong Gong and the sage have great intentions. To make a country prosperous, one can only lose it between public and private matters. "When it comes to public and private matters, doesn't it mean that Zhong Gong wants all talents to be promoted by himself, while the sage wants everyone to take advantage of them?" He said, "Zhong Gong just can't see it." . If you don't see it, you will be trapped in selfishness. Scholars see that Chengzi's statement of "prospering a state and losing a state" is very dangerous, so they are suspicious of it. However, Chengzi also said that it is true. "[Bi Da] Annotation."

Question: "Chengzi said: 'If you look at Zhonggong and the sage, you will see how small and big his intentions are.' From this, we know that he is 'pleased to do good to others', so he is the sage of Shun, and everything must be done Those who want to go beyond themselves are really selfish. "He said: "This shows the size of the sage's intentions. Zhong Gong's knowledge is not very wide, so this is the case. . If the situation is extremely strong, the country will be ruined. "〔Guang〕

Question: "The first thing to do is to have a secretary, to pardon the little cake, and to promote the talented people." To put it simply: "There are one or two places in the Analects of Confucius, such as 'A country with a thousand chariots of Tao respects things and is trustworthy, is prudent in use and loves others, and keeps the people in good time.' Although each is the same thing, there is a reason for it. "[Bida] Jiyi.

Zilu said: "The king of Wei treats his son for the sake of government". Said: "In the beginning, it was just an 'incorrect name', and nothing could be done. 'The rituals and music were not prosperous, and the punishments were not adequate', which meant that 'things failed'." Question: "'The rituals and music are not prosperous', It is doubtful that after "punishment is not in place", why is it said that the punishment is not in place after the ritual and music are not popular?" He said: "Where the ritual and music are not in place, the punishment is appropriate." He also said: "Ritual is orderly, and music is harmonious. If things cannot be accomplished, how can we have etiquette and music?" "It's not going well." He said: "'Things are not going well', use things to say; 'Rituals and music are not going well', use reasons. If things are not going well, then there is no reason for things to happen, so talk about etiquette and music!" Yafu asked: "Is this the reality of rituals and music, or is it the text of rituals and music?" He said: "The reality is inseparable from the original text. For example, a shadow has a form, and it cannot be separated from the form." [Shiju]

"The thing can't be done" is a rough way of saying that the thing can't be done. "Etiquette and music are out of fashion" has no meaning at all. Things are just about what he does; rituals and music are the underlying principles of things. Ritual and music are just a thing. When things are arranged neatly and in order, it is etiquette; when there is no sense of obedience and contention, it is joy. [Zhi]

Someone may ask: "How come the etiquette and music do not flourish after the things are not done? How can the punishment fail after the etiquette and music do not prosper?" He said: "Everything needs to be done with etiquette and harmony. If things are not accomplished, there will be no place for rituals and music. If rituals and music are not flourishing, there will be disorder and disharmony. In this way, how can punishment be used without confusion? Each school has its own merits, which can be considered. "Get rid of the fake."

Yang asked: "The note says: 'If the words are not smooth, then there is no way to test the reality and the work will not be accomplished.' This sentence is not known." He said: "The truth is the matter." He asked again: "The words are true." "It seems that it is not related to things." He said: "How can it be said that it is not related to things? It is like a person who is caught in a fire and asks for water to save him, but then teaches him to ask for fire. This is a 'disobedience'. How can he be saved?" It's like a man who catches a thief and goes east to catch it, but he tries to catch it by going west, but if it doesn't go well, it won't work. This is the father. Now, if you reject your father with soldiers, you will treat your father as a thief. How disobedient! Why do you serve as a country, and why do you care about the people? If things are not accomplished, there will be chaos and chaos. How can the rituals and music be flourished, and how can the punishment be met? Ming Dao said, "If you do one thing, you will do nothing." This is exactly what it means. "He also asked: "Zi Lu died in Wei, what is the meaning of it?" He said: "Zi Lu only saw the next part of the truth, but not the previous part. Regarding Kong Kui's matter, he knew that it was "eating without avoiding danger", but he didn't know that it was unjust to eat food from the public. Dongpo said about this, "Is this why he was a guard at the beginning?" Said: "Yes." [Yu] Notes. Summary.

Question: "The King of Wei wants to call Confucius into government, but Confucius wants to rectify his name first. Since Confucius is his minister, he wants to go out to serve as an official, how can he be merciful?" He said: "Only Confucius can come later." Question: "Linggong has chased Kuai Chi, but Prince Ying did not establish him. The people in the Wei Dynasty often set up to reject Kuai Chi. Logically speaking, it is inappropriate to establish them if they are combined with each other. If they do not reject Kuai Chi, then it is inappropriate to establish them." He said: "That's true. . Now that Kuai Kuai has been established, he must fight for it. "'It is necessary to correct the name'! If Confucius is an official, he must first correct the names of his emperor, his ministers, and his son, just like Kuai Kuai was not established." , it is not appropriate to establish the king, and to reject Kuai Chi. When Jin and Zhao Yang want to establish Kuai Chi, they must judge him carefully and teach him what is right and wrong. Question: "In terms of principles, it is true that the people of the country will reject Kuai Chi. In terms of things, Kuai Chi, the leader of the Jin people, is powerful enough to overwhelm the defenders. How can a saint invite the emperor or the Fang Bo? The emperor does not want to However, Fang Bo did it himself, how can he get it?" He said, "This is the truth. When a saint comes out, he must be able to prevent Jin from becoming Kuai Chi." He Sunyin asked, "Please ask Chen Chang. It's just based on principles, regardless of things. "It's a pity that the sage can't do these two important things thoroughly. If the three cardinal principles and five constant principles are destroyed, they will be renewed in the seventh and eighth years of the sage." At the age of ten, he finally failed to achieve the goal of boxing. "[He Sun]

Wu Boying asked: "If I make the master a guardian, I wonder if he can be sent to Kuai Chi?" He said: " When a sage acts, he only cares about whether he can do it or not, not whether he can do it or not. If he only cares about his ability or incompetence in everything, wouldn't he be confused by the selfishness of ordinary interests? This is especially true for scholars, and what about saints? !"[Zhuang Zu]

asked: "Master, since he is in charge of the Wei, does it have to be abolished and established?" He said: "It is just to tell him that he can go on his own, and it is difficult to force him out. "[Must be great]

Hu Wending always talks about things, and he sees things well. 〔Can be learned〕

Question: "Hu's theory is just about Confucius rectifying his name for politics, and it is reasonable. Suppose that Confucius was used by King Wei, and Confucius was his minister and government, then this theory is also acceptable. Does that make sense?" He said: "A sage will not be willing to face a fatherless person in the north. If he wants to change his past and do something good, Confucius must first break the agreement with him. In this way, Yao Chong still made an agreement with the Ming Emperor in ten matters. , and then become his prime minister, what about Confucius! If this is not possible, then Confucius will never be his minister. How can such a thing be done for the public?" He said: "According to the logic of the matter, this is how to act as an ear. If Confucius is an official, he will tell the public about this matter. If he doesn't listen, he will be removed from the ear. "[Guang]

"If Kuai Chi and Jue know the truth, they will avoid each other and go away. Now Kuai Chi wants to enter the defense, but Jue doesn't move, so what should he do? ? Later generations of people thought that Ying should be established, but they did not know that Ying was not established, because they knew that there would be disputes. This is to get it right. However, the master does not want to do anything with it. "It may be said: "The Chunqiu Book of "Jin Zhao Yang accepted the prince Kuai Chi", saying that he should be established. How should we write such a book? People who talk about the Spring and Autumn Period are often like this. When the time comes, only Kuai Chi comes to fight. If he is established, another one will come to fight, and it will become more difficult for people to give up to him. After all, it is difficult to do. Later, I didn't dare to do it. "[Yigang]

Fan Chi asked to learn farming. When Fan Chi learned farming, he had to have his own way of speaking, as if he was a divine farmer. Practice the saying of "the king and the people farm together" and so on. [Yan]

Reciting Three Hundred Poems

Yafu asked: "'Reciting Three Hundred Poems', why do you think it will reach the political level?" He said: "It can be seen from what is contained in it. . For example, if a young man is a lowly member of the clan, he will do something mean and slanderous that a gentleman would never hear or see, and his situation can be known from this. A sage should always be prepared to cultivate virtue in himself and apply it to his career. . Read and recite the good and bad things contained therein, and chant them. If you do this, you will do good, and if you do this, you will do evil. The reason why I cultivate myself is to do the things that are appropriate, and to do the things that are not appropriate. To govern people, you should be rewarded and punished. How can you not be good at politics? If you read poetry but are not good at politics, you have not read it. "Specially correct?" He said: "To achieve success in poetry, one must be able to tolerate humiliation and peace in response to words."

"[He Sun]

The master called Wei Gongzi Jingzhang

and asked: "'Gongzi Jing lives in a good house', which is not very high. Why does the sage call him good?" He said "What Mr. Jing did was just right and just right. Ordinary people make houses that are not extremely gorgeous, but the walls will collapse and they will not pay attention to them at all. The Zi Jing is self-assembled and complete, perfect and beautiful, in an orderly manner, and they are all just like Gou. At first, this will not burden your mind. In the sage Desheng, all these things can be transformed, which is beyond words. Gongzi Jing can do this, so the saint calls him. "Qianzhi. There are minor differences recorded at the time.

Question: "Wei Gongzi Jing, the master just said that the house is good, how about it?" He said: "This is also just to name one of his good things. Do you know that you have nothing else to do?" [Must be great]

Zi Shiwei Chapter

It is appropriate to talk about the chapter "Zi Shiwei". The teacher said: "The ancients taught People have rituals and music, and their movements and movements must be in keeping with their rhythm, so that they can't be quick even if they are impatient, and they can't be slow if they are broad-minded, so they can cultivate their humane nature. Nowadays, there is no etiquette and music in teaching people, so I have to teach them to read two volumes of text. However, there is no one who knows how to learn, and no one knows how to teach. Therefore, if you want to understand the Tao, you will attract famous Confucian scholars all over the world, so that they can explain the method of teaching people, select those with the highest virtues, and retain them as great teachers, and then distribute them throughout the world and order those who teach. This must be the case, and then the school will be in order. "[Shiju] If you don't have enough food and clothing, you won't have time to practice etiquette and justice; if you are full and warm without education, you will be close to animals, so you can educate them even though you are rich. [焘]

Gou The Chapter of "Using Me"

Li Zhi said in the chapter "Whoever wants to use me" said: "When a sage is in charge of government, all the bad things in the past can be eliminated within a year." In three years, he will have sufficient wealth and a strong army, and he will teach and serve the people. "[Shiju]

"If you can use me, it only takes a few months. "When a saint works, he must replace all the bad foundations before he can build his own foundation. Therefore, Yichuan said, it will take three years to complete the layout of the discipline. [He Sun]

Good people are the seal of the country.

An Qing asked: "The collection of notes says: 'If the people become kind, they don't need to be punished. 'Fear that good people only make customs pure and simple. If it is transformed into goodness, might it be the work of a sage?" He said, "Generally speaking, the effect is like this. The depth of it depends on the person, and there is no need to stick to the skin and bones to talk about it. It cannot be said that saints should be like this, and good people should not be like this! There is no need to distinguish between them. A good person has been working hard for hundreds of years. After accumulating this, he can naturally make people do good, and people will not fall into punishment. For example, when the land of Wenjingxing became rich and prosperous, wouldn't it mean to "win the weak and kill them"? For example, in the Han Dynasty, there were many talented officials who followed the moral principles and were effective. For example, if Chen Taiqiu Zhuomao and Lu Gong were just county magistrates, they could do the same. It cannot be said that you are not a saint, how can you do this! Just look at his effects, why bother to compare. A saint's effect is like this, and a good person's effect is like that? A saint is different from a good person. And just like "When Sui comes, there is harmony"; "Kill them without resentment, benefit them without mediocrity, and the people move to good things but don't know how to do it." Good people will definitely not be able to reach this land. But if you have such insight and such a broad mind, your accumulation must be effective in the future. And now that the punishment is lenient and the punishment is weak, the people will be able to rise up without falling into punishment. The same is probably true for the sage's discussion of efficacy. It is only convenient to think about how he achieves this effect, why bother comparing him to others. Even if you understand it, there is nothing you can do to yourself. "[Yigang]

Question: "'A good person will be a country for a hundred years', and 'teach the people for seven years', and 'will be benevolent for generations to come', which means 'yes, you will be successful in three years' , how?" He said, "This must have the influence of a saint to achieve this. You can probably see it now. However, Ming Dao's collection of essays gives very detailed answers to one question, which is very different from today's people who answer only vague questions. Try reading it, you can see it. "Get rid of the fake.

If there is a king's seal

Or ask: "'Three years to achieve success', 'will be benevolent later', slow and fast are different, why?" said: "Yichuan said: 'In three years, it is said that the laws and disciplines have been completed and implemented. ' Gradually the people are benevolent, and the people are taught righteousness, so that it is stained on the skin and reduced to the bone marrow. The world changes, customs change, the people return to benevolence, and rituals and music can flourish. This is called benevolence. This has not been accumulated for a long time, how can it be achieved?" He also said: "When it comes to the benevolence of one person, this principle is thoroughly imbued; when it comes to the benevolence of the world, it is the principle of benevolence that is imbued thoroughly. "[Zhi]

Gou Zheng's Body Badge

Question: "Fan's first thing is to correct his body, and he who is a king will do benevolent things with virtue. If he cannot correct his body and correct others, he will use his strength to pretend. A matter of benevolence. " Said: "The king of kings and tyrants just refers to the way of kings and tyrants. Fan's theory is slow but not serious. "[It must be great]

Duke Ding asked a word to prosper the country

The words of the sage are all meticulous, the edges are sharpened and the seams are smooth, and the water does not leak. For example, "Repay evil with kindness", such as It is said that "one word can make a country prosperous". Others just say, "I am not happy to be a king, but do not disobey what I say." Fang Xiu. As Mencius said, "the joy of today is still the joy of ancient times", the great prince Liu was a lustful person, so Hengqu said: "Mencius is naturally more coarse than the saints." The reason why Yan Zi has not become a saint is because his heart is still rough. "[Yigang]

Ye Gong asked about the political chapter

He once asked: "'Those who are near are happy, and those who are far away are attracted. 'The master's answer to Ye Gong's question about government, specifically talking about its effectiveness, is different from his answer to Ji Kangzi, Zixia and others. How?' He said: 'This must have the order of giving. Mr. Ye is old enough to know the solution. "[Heroes]

Those who are near are happy and those who are far away are different. It is irrelevant whether they are big or small. [Tao]

Fan Chi Wen Renzhang

Confucianism teaches people to use a few words to keep their minds in mind. For example, if you live respectfully, your mind will not let go. Don't abandon it."

Said: "The first three sentences are scattered, and the next sentence can be tightened." [Qianzhi]

Yafu asked: "How do you say, 'Although the barbarians and the Di cannot be abandoned'?" He said: "'The way cannot last even a moment. Lifting is not the way. It must be without interruption. If there is any interruption, the mind will die. This is the truth in China, and it is also the truth in Yi Di. "Respect, be loyal to others," and there is no place for selfishness. The sage told me this. I wonder if Fan Chi can do this?" He said, "This section must be sought from others, so that you can work hard. If you go to Fan Chi to ask for it, it will have nothing to do with me. He said, "Is the place of residence respectful? Is the deacon respectful? Is he loyal to others?" There is no need to ask whether Zhu Fan Chi can do this or not. We must also think about what it is like when "the place is respectful" and what it is like when he is "respectful". How it is, how it is when you are disrespectful; how it is when you are loyal to others, and how it is when you are unfaithful. Only then do you know that you need to be respectful and loyal. Today, people in China have enough food and warm clothes, but they are not like barbarians, but they still forget about them. I don’t know that it cannot be discarded, but what about the barbarians and the dissidents who confront them with a bare sword, but how can they not abandon themselves!" [Lu Sun]

In general, reading requires one to work hard every day at home. For example, "If you live respectfully, serve with respect, and be loyal to others, even if you are a barbarian, you should not abandon it."; with that "Words of loyalty and trustworthiness, actions of deeds of sincerity, even if they are in a barbarian country, they can live in a barbarian country; if they are not loyal in words, and not in deeds of sincerity, even if they are in a state," "It's all right!" These two things must be taken care of every day, and there must be no shortcomings. This is the most urgent point for people in the world, and it is appropriate to consider it! [Chun]

Yafu asked the chapter "Respect in the place where you live, and respect in the deacon". Said: "This principle must be everywhere, so that there are no interruptions in business, then it will be good. Just like a tree, every branch and leaf is nothing more than business. If there is even a slight interruption, the branches and leaves will not flourish." Shi Juyun said: "Look. These three sentences are from the source of action and treatment, and there is no room for selfishness. "Yin Jian" Chapter "Zhong Gong Wen Ren" said: "Most knowledge only needs a door to enter." When you first enter the door, you don't have to just talk about it. If you just get a door, you have to go in. "[Shiju]

Or ask: "Hu said: 'Fan Chi asked about the three things of benevolence: this is the first, "difficulty first" is the second, and "loving people" is the last! How do you know this?" He said: " Although there is no clear evidence, it seems to be the case. If we haven't told you about respect and loyalty, where should we start with the so-called "difficulty first"? As for "loving others", it is said from the outside. "[ Guang〕

Zi Gong asked Shizhang

Question: "'It is shameful to do one's own thing, and it will be carried out in all directions without dishonoring the king's orders.' The two sentences do not seem to be consecutive. I am afraid it means 'to do one's own thing.' "Having a sense of shame" is enough to fulfill one's character; if one has the right attitude and one's duties, then one can "not disgrace the emperor's order" and fulfill one's duties. "Serving in all directions", if one can fulfill one's duties, one will not disgrace the emperor's order. "[Guang]" But cannot expand its inherent conscience. [Congratulations to the Sun]

Wen Zhenju Chengzi said: "Zigong wants to make people aware of his bright deeds, and Master tells him things that are true and self-satisfied." It is said that Zigong asked questions like this. Said: "Although Zigong usually means this, this chapter is mostly plain and simple. Gaiqu saw that 'it is shameful to do one's own thing and spread it to all directions', which is not a trivial matter, so he asked about the next step. When it comes to the name of the clan "Filial piety, the village party calls me brother", he didn't dare to be confident, so he asked the next question. He wanted to be calm and work hard, so he went down to ask "How are the current politicians?" , but the question was wrong. The sage said, "What's the point?" It was cut off for him. "[Shi Ju]

Zigong asked the scholars. It's about stepping back. Zigong saw that it was not easy, so he asked what the next step was. Zigong realized that it was difficult to say the bottom line, so he asked about the second step. This is what Yi Chuan meant when he said, "Zi Gong wants to make a bright journey, and the master tells him everything he wants to do, and he is sincere and content with it." [Plant]

Or say that someone can be entrusted. Yun: "Zigong asked the scholars, and Confucius told him this. Yichuan said, 'Be honest and content with yourself.' It means that if there is shame, the second is to do it regularly, and the second is to be a villain, but it is just a step back. It means 'make it happen, let it make it'" 'The meaning is profound and promising. Another example is that of marching in the three armies, 'Be fearful when things happen, and you are good at making plans.' However, this character is very meaningful, just like the 'worry and quietness' of the army. If he is able to show his prowess to others, he can be a general! It is like Kong Ming's use of troops, but it is not as good as Cao Gong's admonition to Wu Huan. "Three people in one step", it is obvious that Di Qing will attack and defeat him. "As for Taiyuan, it is not the case for Duan Ying."

A mad person will make a mistake if he knows it; a arrogant person will make a mistake by doing it. 〔婩〕

Ask about the section "If you can't do it in the middle, let it go with it". Said: "Although those who are cautious and honest are good people, they are not helpful to the cause, so they are attracted by the crazy. However, the crazy and stubborn people fall into one bias. The people of the middle way have the ambition of the crazy, and their actions are precise; there are those who are crazy. "[Shiju]

People must be strong-willed, strong and well-established in order to achieve success. Now I see that all the people in front of me are so weak that they are unable to do good things. Even if they do bad things, they cannot do the great evil, so nothing can be accomplished. Therefore, Confucius sighed, "If you don't follow the right path and follow it, you must be crazy and arrogant." One must be a little arrogant before he can hope.

[婩]

The sage cannot do it in the middle of the road. He must seek the arrogant one, and the arrogant one can still do it. If the country is original, there is nothing to say. Nowadays, if people say that this person does not know time and so on, it must be of some benefit; if they say that this person is familiar with body and so on, it is not worth mentioning. Yang.

When asked about the annotation of "Kuan You", it says: "How can a good person be worse than a good person?" He said: "A good person only follows the rules and follows the rules, and does not make brave and diligent progress; if he follows the rules, he will have more than enough. It is not enough to take responsibility for it. Chun Lu said: "There is no hope." "Although the Yi is not the middle way, such people still have muscles and bones. Chun Lu calls them "bone ribs". His ambition is solitary. He knows what is good and can do it and does it. He knows what is not good and cannot do it but does not do it. It is true. Integrity. A madman has a strong ambition. A sage originally wants to find the middle way, but in his old age it is difficult to find such a good person, such as a mad man, who can still be cut off and return to the middle way. Daofu Lu said: "If the sage restrains it, then the mad will not be mad, and the rough will no longer be rough." Chun Lu said: "In the last years of my life, I have never thought about finding such people, which shows how limited the Tao is." Asked: "What is Sui?" He said: "Jie Ran has to keep it." '" And just like Confucius, only one Yan Zi is so pure. Daofu recorded: "His talent is pure. "When it comes to Zengzi, Daofu records the word "temperament". He is too strong, similar to Mencius. The world is declining, and people's desires are flowing. If it were not for the strong and heeled people, they would not be able to stand. Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty called him a good person, and Emperor Wu But there is a sense of madness. Lu Zijing tried his best: "The world said that Emperor Wu was better than Emperor Wu." Although the theory is biased, it is true that Emperor Wen's talent is good, but that's all. If you accuse him of practicing the way of a saint, he will definitely not be able to do so, because he will be content with this. Looking at his words, he said: "It's humble, but there is nothing very high to say, so it can be done now." '" Emperor Wu was often ill, but his talents were high enough to make a difference. Wouldn't it be great to have a true Confucian to assist him? It's a pity that he was not the person to assist him, and he could not overcome his selfish desires. Where did he go? . In the last years, the world was wasted, and it was not long before Qin was defeated. However, he regretted it, and said to Wei Qing: "If I do it again in the future, it will be the trace of the prince who is thick and peaceful." Is there anyone who is more virtuous than the prince?" Seeing that he knew his faults, Hu said: "Wouldn't it be good for Emperor Wu to have Zhongshu as his prime minister and Ji An as the imperial censor?" [Yu] Daofu Lu. , Chun Lu is the same.

The Southerners have a saying

Ask: "It's just a matter of not occupying it." Said: "It just means that you don't study." [〈 Yingying, in "Insects change fields"〉]

Maybe he asked, "Maybe I am ashamed of it." Said: "Cheng, 'Cheng' is like flattery, and it is like someone giving humiliation to someone." [Tao]

Gentlemen are harmonious but not different.

Question: "All the sayings are based on How about 'harmony' like 'harmony with soup'?" He said, "You don't have to refer to others. Only gentlemen are always at peace with themselves, so it's naturally different. Generally speaking, gentlemen only live in public and private relationships. "A gentleman and a villain are just one thing, but their hearts are different between public and private matters. Confucius said this is true for gentlemen and villains. "Harmony is public and private, and same is private. It is the same as 'Zhou is not Bi'. Zhou is public and Bi, and Bi is private. The same thing has public and private. Wufeng said: 'The laws of heaven and human desires are the same body. Different uses, same feelings, but it is. The so-called same body only means the same thing, but it means that there are people in the body who have the same desire. Misunderstanding that there is no good or evil in human nature, one will suffer endless illnesses. "〔〈 Yingying, "Insects change fields"〉〕

Li Zhi asked: "'The gentleman is harmonious but different. "It's like Duke Wen and Duke Fan Shu are talking about the same thing. I don't know who is the villain." It is a fair principle, so it is always harmonious and cannot be disagreed with. The villain has a personal intention, so even though he agrees with Abi, when two people get together, they will be divided. Therefore, some small interests will lead to disputes. "[Shiju]

"It is easy for a gentleman to do things but difficult to explain"

Ask "It is easy for a gentleman to do things but difficult to explain". Said: "A gentleman does not have much toil, so it is easy. A villain likes some advantages, and people will go through the cracks to get and serve him, so it is easy to say." [Tao]

A gentleman is peaceful but not Arrogance Chapter

Ask "A gentleman is peaceful but not arrogant". Said: "Tai means calm and comfortable, and arrogance has selfish motives. Bullying him is useless, bullying him is incomprehensible, and it is because of people like me. They are all arrogant. For example, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty had a rough background, Tai was not arrogant. He Although he was scolding people indiscriminately, he had no personal intention. "[Tao] was arrogant because he liked to argue with others." > Question: "'Fortitude is close to benevolence'. How to distinguish between strength and perseverance?" He said: "Strength is a strong body, like a hard object, not soft and unyielding; perseverance is an atmosphere of exuberance and enthusiasm." [Yu]< /p>

It is difficult to describe what benevolence is, it is just a place where compassion, shame and evil have not yet developed. This thing can be used for compassion and shame, as well as for respect and right and wrong. It is strong and dull, but it is simple and thick. If you keep this thing, it is called "near benevolence". [Zhen]

Zilu asked about the scholar's chapter

Asked "How can such a scholar be called a scholar?" Said: "The sage saw that Zilu had a rough and rude attitude, so he told him, 'Everything is sweet and happy.' But fearing that Zilu had always been peaceful, he told him, 'A friend is very sweet, and a brother is happy.'" The words of the sage "[Qianzhi] asked: "Qieqie means earnestness; Sisi means detailed encouragement.' "What does it mean to be earnest and detailed?" The ancients used many couplets to describe it, and it is difficult to explain it in a large paragraph. I think people at that time must have known such words. Nowadays, people just imagine its sound and understand its meaning.

'Qie Qie Si Si', Hu said it is right. Sincerely, it means painstakingly. However, it is not okay to be so diligent and have no intention of immersing yourself in it. It is also necessary to encourage each other in detail to have the intention of dating. "[Yu]

A good man teaches the people for seven years.

Question: "'A good man teaches the people for seven years, and he can become a soldier. "How to limit it to seven years?" He said, "If this is the case, he must have a clear limit." For example, the ancients said, "If the state uses it for thirty years, it will have enough food for nine years." In Bangu, it can be deduced that the fruit of thirty years can have enough food for nine years. It is expected that the same will be true for seven years and so on. "[Guang]

Question: "Confucius said: 'If a good man teaches the people for seven years, he can become a soldier. From the time Duke Wen of Jin entered the country to the twenty-seventh year of Duke Xi, he taught the people faith, righteousness, and propriety. In only four years, he was able to conquer the country in one battle. Doesn't this mean that Duke Wen is adding a class of good people?" He said: "Most of the tyrants are power-hungry and utilitarian, which is different from the saints who teach the people. If a saint teaches the people, it must be seven years. "[Mo]

Question: "The first note in the collection says: 'Those who educate the people should teach them filial piety, brotherhood, loyalty and trust. Later, "the method of farming and teaching martial arts" was added. " Said: "The ancients' political affairs included both the root and the bottom of the matter. "Because there has always been harm from thieves here, I tried to discuss with the governor to protect the army. At that time, we also discussed making a plan. Later, the thieves dispersed, and it was not possible. Later, I thought about it, and if it happened, it would be harmful. It is only possible to build it. Therefore, it is necessary to teach him how to practice martial arts. However, the people here are already good at killing people, so don't teach him how to kill people. This is how Sima Wen Gong tried to practice the method of protecting the army, and later taught him how to use the people as soldiers. When people return home, they don't pay attention to their family members who are doing things in the fields. They just make trouble at home and ask for food and drinks. The harm is not small. When soldiers came out from the people in ancient times, they first taught them filial piety, loyalty and trust, and then drove them away. , so there will be no harm later. [阘]

The chapter on not teaching the people to fight

Or doubt: "'Don't teach the people to fight." "A good man has been teaching the people for seven years. He is certainly teaching them filial piety, brotherhood, loyalty and trust. Doesn't he need to teach them the art of warfare as well?" He said, "Of course, there is no need for the art of warfare." Confucius, on the other hand, wanted to see Tui fighting in the Spring and Autumn Period, so he specifically taught him the meaning of filial piety, loyalty, and trust.

"〔Boyu〕