In 2020, 9 out of 5 critical points of/kloc-0 will be activated. How far is human civilization from collapse?
1. How horrible are the nine activated climate critical points? 1, Arctic summer sea ice, status: area decreased.
Arctic summer sea ice affects local temperature changes and ocean heat transfer. The melting of Arctic sea ice in summer will directly lead to the increase of global temperature. Now, the melting speed of sea ice may disappear in less than ten years, which will not only increase the global temperature, but also change our existing ecosystem.
2. Greenland ice sheet, current situation: accelerated melting.
The Greenland ice sheet melts from June to August every year, so it doesn't mean that the Greenland ice sheet has just begun to melt, but it has been melting all the time, but the speed is extremely slow. You know, before the concept of global warming was deeply rooted in people's hearts, the average annual temperature in that place was 0 degrees, and scientists didn't think that the critical point of climate had been activated until its melting rate began to get out of control.
August 20 19, Greenland ice sheet entered the hot list strongly. In just four days, the Greenland ice sheet melted 55 billion tons, 40 billion tons more than the melting value in the same period ten years ago.
As the largest ice body in the northern hemisphere, the Greenland ice sheet is more than 2,300 kilometers long from north to south, with a width of 1090 kilometers and an average thickness of about 700 meters. If it melts completely, the sea level will rise by 2-7 meters instead of 7 meters as mentioned on the Internet. According to the current melting rate of Greenland ice sheet, it is expected to be over in 300 years.
3. Western Antarctic ice sheet, current situation: accelerated melting.
As early as 20 12, scientists found that the melting of ice on the ice sheet in the western Antarctic had led to the disintegration of the Larsen B ice shelf. The ice shelf was formed more than 1 10,000 years ago, with a total weight of over 5 trillion tons and a total thickness of over 220 meters. From the first step, Larsen B spent more than 10,000 years, reaching its peak state more than 400 years ago. With the acceleration of human death, it may slip into the sea at any time.
Of course, Larson B is only a part of the entire western ice sheet. About 300 years later, the entire western Antarctic ice sheet will completely melt and the global sea level will rise by about 3.3 meters. This data is not the latest data and may be greater than this value.
If the former Greenland ice sheet is merged again, that is, after 300 years, only these two activated critical points will make the sea level rise by 10 meter. Is human civilization still there?
If you have time and conditions, you'd better travel to international travel agencies in Southeast Asia as early as possible. I'm afraid I'll be late, so I won't catch up.
4. Antarctic ice sheet, current situation: accelerated melting.
As early as 20 13, researchers in Imperial College London, London, found that the ice sheet in the East Antarctic, which had been considered relatively stable, was actually much more fragile than we thought. This ice sheet is not complete from birth to now. It melted in a large area about 5 million years ago, and the result of the last melting was that the global sea level rose by nearly 10 meter.
This ice sheet was formed 34 million years ago, with a total area equivalent to that of Australia. It is the largest ice sheet on the earth, and there is no one. Its accelerated melting is not only the rise of global temperature and sea level, but also the most terrible and unknown thing is that there may be some viruses and bacteria unknown to human beings in the final melting and refreezing process. If released, human beings are so fragile that they really don't know if they can bear it.
Because it is huge, how long will it take to completely melt? We don't know yet. The only thing we can know for sure is that human beings must have finished before it.
5. Permafrost in the extreme north, status: melting.
In 20 18, NASA published a report that the permafrost on the north slope of Alaska is slowly melting.
Before the report came out, scientists always thought that frozen soil, as the coldest place in the Arctic, should not be affected by global warming for the time being. As soon as the report came out, it attracted great attention, so scientists drew a shocking conclusion based on this report: if the frozen soil continues to melt, the organic matter in the frozen soil will become active, and the active organic matter will release a huge amount of carbon, which is estimated to be about ten times the total value of carbon released by human activities in one year.
Others will say that it's not just carbon emissions. As long as we humans try to reduce our carbon emissions now, we can still save a wave. But the melting of frozen soil will also produce methane, and ancient bacteria under the original frozen soil will be reactivated, such as terrible anthrax and diseases and viruses that we don't know about.
6, Amazon rainforest, state: often dry.
Amazon rainforest as? Lung of the earth? Because of years of fire and drought, I feel that it will be abolished at any time. Imagine what would happen if Amazon changed from a rainforest to a shrub grassland and the earth lost its lungs?
In fact, there is no need to assume this, because if the rainforest develops at the current rate of death, you will still be alive in 50 years, and the Amazon rainforest will die. When you talk about the rainforest with your baby grandson, you can only refer to the preserved BBC documentary.
The Amazon rainforest, which accounts for more than 50% of the total area of the earth's rainforest, has disappeared, as have the animals and plants on which it depends. What about biodiversity? A large amount of carbon dioxide, which was originally borne by the rainforest, is discharged into the atmosphere, which will aggravate the melting of glacier ice sheets and accelerate the collapse of human civilization.
7. High latitude forests, status quo: disappearing.
The disappearance and change of high-latitude forests are affecting the climate of the Arctic in a complicated way. For example, coniferous forests are the main forests in high latitudes near the Arctic Circle. But with the global temperature rising, some deciduous trees have begun to appear in this place. Deciduous trees have invaded the survival territory of primitive coniferous forests, and they are competing for scarce water and nutrients. This area may lose its original vegetation and aggravate the dryness of the soil.
The death of native plants will continue to increase carbon emissions and aggravate global warming. Global warming will melt the permafrost in the Arctic, which will lead to the production of methane. Methane, carbon dioxide and decaying plants will make wildfires happen frequently, just like a vicious circle that cannot be solved.
8. Coral reefs, status quo: a large number of deaths.
There are two reasons for the massive death of coral reefs:
One reason is: global warming. As we all know, corals have higher requirements for their living environment. They are extremely sensitive to temperature, at least much more fragile than us. From 1986 to 2005, the global average temperature increased by 0.6 1 degree. At that time, we had not heard of the shocking coral deaths in a large area. From 2006 to 20 15, the global average temperature increased by 0.87 degrees. In 20 18, we saw the massive death of the beautiful Great Barrier Reef coral.
The second reason: human pollution of the ocean. Every time I see someone go fishing and shoot a spectacular sunrise at sea, I feel that human beings should not be here. Maybe it's a bit melodramatic, but if you are willing to watch a documentary to understand what human beings have done to the ocean and the earth, I think you can at least understand my feelings. Soil erosion and sewage discharge on land make the concentration of active nitrogen in seawater exceed the standard, and high concentration of active nitrogen makes coral algae grow wildly and coral whiten and die.
Coral reef is the Amazon rainforest in the ocean and an important ecosystem to maintain marine biodiversity. Coral reefs, which account for only 0.2% of the ocean area, provide shelter for more than 25% of marine life. More than a quarter of fish live on coral reefs, and more than 90% of marine life depends directly or indirectly on coral reefs. If the global temperature rises by 1.5 degrees in the next two decades, this important marine ecosystem may collapse.
Marine ecosystem is the basis of maintaining marine biodiversity, which is the basis of life on earth and closely related to human life. The disappearance of any kind of life on earth is the death knell of mankind.
9. Atlantic thermohaline circulation, status: weakened.
In fact, the thermohaline circulation in the North Atlantic has been weakening? Weaken? These two words are really weak, so weak that people who see them don't realize the harm caused by their weakness. Let's say it in a more intuitive way. When the intensity of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation decreases by 15%, the flow of the whole circulation decreases every second, which is equivalent to 40 rainy seasons of the Yangtze River. Isn't this a little intuitive?
The North Atlantic thermohaline circulation brings rainfall and warm climate to Europe. Considering that it is always rainy in Britain, it is probably because of it that the winters in northern Europe and North America are not too cold to survive. If the circulation of temperature and salinity in the North Atlantic disappears, it is likely that parts of western Europe, northern Europe and North America will become real versions like The Day After Tomorrow in the movie? The day after tomorrow? .
Ocean currents can regulate global energy, regulate temperature and maintain the healthy development of terrestrial and marine ecosystems, just like the human blood circulation system. When the ocean currents stop eating, people will get cold.
Second, is it possible for human beings to save themselves? The current climate change is basically difficult to reverse. 20 19, 12 In February, on the opening day of the United Nations Climate Change Conference, the carbon dioxide concentration on the earth was 4 10.9ppmv. The last time the earth reached this value was 3 million years ago, and Pangu was 3.28 million years ago. Is it a feeling of returning to before liberation? The sea level at that time was about 20 meters higher than it is now. Without magic, there would be no Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines and Washington.
But there seems to be nothing to be afraid of. After all, after Pangu created the world, Nu Wa was going to have a baby, and our ancestors began to wear grass skirts to mix the society. That is, if our ancestors can make do, we will certainly survive, but we ignore the growth rate!
At present, our carbon dioxide emission rate is the highest in 56 million years. If it continues to develop, the position of the TOP 1 of the earth's carbon emissions in 400 million years will be left to us! Even those dinosaurs who are said to have committed suicide because of global warming caused by farting too much are not our opponents. We are really a sand sculpture species than Farting Dragon!
Human greenhouse gas emissions have led to the activation of nine climate critical points, which directly led to changes in the climate system. The frequency of extreme weather is so numb that people think about it. How many times have we met these years? A once-in-a-century flood? 、? A once-in-a-century rainstorm? 、? A once-in-a-century hail? 、? A once-in-a-century fever? 、? Extreme cold once in a hundred years?
It didn't last long, but the earth didn't want to play with us.
At the most ridiculous time, the ranking of the United Nations Climate Conference on the hot list is not as high as that of second-rate stars! The so-called emission reduction in developed countries is just a means to contain underdeveloped countries. Only scientists keep reporting every year, but who cares?
Humans are not really trying to protect the earth. Maybe the earth doesn't need human protection. It not only does not need human protection, but also should not need human beings.
If you can persist in seeing this place, I think we should at least do something for the earth. Take public transport, save paper, electricity and water, drink milk tea in your own cup, use less plastic bags and carefully classify garbage. If you don't think these things can be done, then eat less soybeans, fart less, reduce some greenhouse gas emissions, or don't attack others with a keyboard when they are saving the environment. Head office!