Why are people so fascinated by the whereabouts of Emperor Wen Jian? What's the advantage of finding his whereabouts?
The tomb in Ningde, Fujian Province was confirmed as the tomb of Emperor Mingwen (photos) at 02: 28 on September 3, 2009.
Worship at the grave.
Under the tomb tower, there is a lotus pedestal.
Shut up, dragon. There is one on each side of the grave. (An important basis for tombs in the Ming Dynasty. )
Bitongshan.
Our reporter Guo Liang/Wen Lijianzhun/map
Seeing CCTV's report on the tomb of Shangjinbei Village, Wang Daoheng has been in a state of excitement these days.
Video: Experts verified that Ningde Ancient Tomb in Fujian was the Mausoleum of Wendi in Ming Dynasty.
Source: Jiangsu TV Station "Zero Distance"
Yesterday, as the leader of the local research group on the whereabouts of Emperor Wen Jian in Ningde City, he told reporters privately that in order to prove from the side that Emperor Wen Jian was really buried near Jinbei Village, he invited a famous geomancer to explore the terrain. "We should think about this problem with some ways of thinking 600 years ago!" Later, Wang Daoheng also recruited Mr. Feng Shui into the research group.
"At that time, we showed him around casually, but the Feng Shui master turned around and pointed to the hill in the direction of the ancient tomb and said that the Feng Shui there was the best and it was dragon-shaped." Wang Daoheng said that after he took the Feng Shui master to the cemetery, he used a compass to locate it and found that the tomb faced south and north faced south, which was extremely horrible. "Because in ancient times, only the emperor's mausoleum could be built like this."
Yesterday, the reporter also contacted Pan Qun, a professor of Ming history at Nanjing University. He said that there was no tomb of Wen Jian in Nanking, and he was writing the subtitle "Ming Emperor's Mausoleum" for the tomb in Shangjinbei Village.
"I studied the whereabouts of Emperor Wen Jian for decades and came back from Ningde. I think I can end this 600-year-old historical mystery now. Wen Jian was the second emperor of the Ming Dynasty. It is appropriate to write this word. " Professor Pan Qun, 76, said.
In the eyes of the villagers, this is a very ordinary grave.
In fact, the ancient tomb is no secret in the local area. In the words of many villagers in Jinbei Village, it was common for everyone to see it before, but since it was attached to Emperor Wen Jian last year, it has attracted so much attention. "Many provincial leaders have come to see it this year."
Lan Chunhua, deputy secretary of the Party branch of Shangjinbei Village, said that there was a saying in the village that the tomb belonged to an ancient eunuch from Beijing. "But last year, we built a new countryside here, and after the road was built, more people saw this tomb. It is very strange that the units in our village organized experts from the province to conduct textual research, and only then did there begin to be a saying that the cemetery was Jianwen Emperor. "
"In order to find out this matter, we organized a research group to study the whereabouts and mausoleum of Emperor Wen Jian." Wang Daoheng, deputy director of Ningde Local Records Compilation Committee, was transferred to the team leader. "We investigated in Shangjinbei Village and found that there is a legend about the discovery of imperial jade in the village. A former deputy director of the municipal bureau said that he had seen an inkstone engraved with the words imperial in Shangjinbei village. "
These rumors aroused Wang Daoheng's curiosity, and he began to study literature and history, looking for the historical basis for Wen Jian Emperor Laifu to build and finally settle in Ningde Jinlai Temple. What Wang Daoheng didn't expect was that his research work with his team members was later recognized by experts studying Ming history in Nanjing University. "Experts say that this tomb belongs to Emperor Wen Jian. He said this with the reputation of his life, not joking. "
Experts in Ming history were full of doubts before coming to Ningde.
"The mystery of Wen Jian's whereabouts began in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. For 600 years, historians have been arguing endlessly. " Professor Pan Qun, who came to Ningde from Nanjing last month, was full of doubts.
Wang Daoheng said that he and his team members used more notes from some people in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. "We can't find the whereabouts from the official history, but there is such a record in Lu. Emperor Wanli asked the cabinet record sheet, "Did Wen escape at that time?" Zhang: The national history does not contain this matter, but it has spread from the past to the present, saying that the emperor entered the city as a master of Jingnan, that is, he cut his hair and ran out of infernal affairs, and then traveled around the world. No one can know this. "
During the presentation provided by the Ningde research group, the reporter saw that they used Zhu Guozhen's Biography of Ming Dynasty, Ma Shenglong's Chronicle of Phoenix Terrace, Tan Qian's Chronicle of Guo Que, Gu Yingtai's Chronicle of Qing Dynasty and Ming Dynasty, and Cha Jizhuo's Record of Criminal Evidence.
"We mainly discussed three questions: how did the first emperor Wen Jian escape from the palace, where did the second emperor Wen Jian escape from the palace, and where did the third emperor Wen Jian finally go? Where is he buried behind him? Wang Daoheng said that in the end, he screened out the most convincing historical evidence and physical evidence from more than 200 pieces of evidence, which proved that Emperor Jianwen finally lived in Jinniu Temple in Ningde and was buried on Nanshan Mountain in Shangjinbei Village after his death.
Hard evidence of Nanjing experts
Yesterday, the reporter saw on the stupa of the ancient tomb in Shangjinbei Village that there were words on it: "The third generation of Bohai Pearl Zen Master Tower, giving the golden Buddha". Many people once judged that the tomb was the tomb of Zen master Cang Haizhu, the abbot of Jinluan Temple in the mid-Yuan Dynasty. However, this statement was strongly refuted by Nanjing Ming history experts.
"The fire dragon ball above the cemetery is enough to show that this is a tomb of the Ming Dynasty, and it is the cemetery of Yongle Dynasty and its predecessors. In addition, in terms of scale, it is impossible for the monk cemetery to have such a large scale, and this tomb is decorated with dragons, which was used by no one except the emperor in the early Ming Dynasty. " Professor Pan Qun of Nanjing University stressed.
In addition, Professor Pan also mentioned that this newspaper once reported the Ming Dynasty cassock of Ningde Zhiti Temple, which he thought was worn by the emperor when he fled. "I have seen the cassock, and six golden dragons can be seen on both sides of it, but there are actually nine, three in the middle, because the cassock. Professor Pan said that this cassock was probably made in a hurry when he used his grandfather's cassock to pretend to be a monk when he fled.
The mausoleum of Emperor Wen Jian reveals a strong feeling of forbearance.
Professor Pan Qun, who regards Shangjinbei Village Tomb as the second mausoleum of Ming Dynasty, believes that this tomb reveals a strong forbearance.
"Enjoy the pavilion, namely worship the pavilion. There will be no monk's tomb. More specifically, the pavilion, which should have been built outside the main mausoleum, was built inside here. According to the Feng Shui master, this means forbearance and helplessness. " Wang Daoheng said that there is no year number on the tombstone of Wen Jian's tomb, which is impossible in ordinary tombs. No matter whether it is a people's tomb or a monk's tomb, the time left is certain, but this tomb does not. First, because Emperor Wen Jian did not recognize the Yongle title, and second, because he lost his country, he did not want to sign his own title, and the people who built his tomb did not engrave the time on the tombstone.
Guardian of Emperor Wen Jian's Mausoleum
Two villages with Zheng surname span 600 years.
Our reporter Guo Liang/Wen Lijianzhun/map
The tomb of Shangjinbei village was confirmed by experts as its tomb, which also made a village named Zheng at the foot of the mountain become the focus of attention of all parties.
"We also stumbled across this village, and there are too many secrets. The result of our research is that the ancestor of this village named Zheng Qi is actually Zheng Qi, one of the 22 ministers who fled with Emperor Jianwen. " Wang Daoheng said that Zheng Qia followed Emperor Wen Jian to his death, and his descendants also stayed at the foot of the mountain to guard the tomb of Emperor Wen Jian, because Zheng Qia was a native of Pujiang County, Zhejiang Province. Therefore, their research team also contacted Zheng Yimen, Zhejiang, and the other party sent someone to inspect him. "They insist that more than 90% of the villagers surnamed Zheng in Zhengqi Village are descendants of Zheng Qia. If necessary, we are going to let the villagers surnamed Zheng in the two villages do DNA identification to confirm their relationship."
The legend of Zheng Sanhe is circulating in the village.
The day before yesterday, the reporter went to Zhengqi Village for an interview and passed by Liankeng Village nearby. A member of the research group on the whereabouts of Wen Jian in Ningde said that some villagers in this village told them such a legend. During the Yongle period of Ming Dynasty, the ancestor of Liankeng Village made friends with Zheng who moved to Liankeng Village. The friend named Zheng Sanhe later married one in the village. Zheng Sanhe called the monk a master and called himself a "disciple". Later, Zheng Sanhe moved to the neighboring Inoue Village to live, and then moved to the current position of Zhengqi Village, and changed its name to Zhengqi, the ancestor of Zhengqi Village.
"Trinity is actually the separation of Qia characters, Qia is the combination of water and Qia is the division of mountains. This is a method commonly used by ancient literati to express their true intentions with antonyms. " Wang Daoheng said that it is natural that Zheng Qia dare not take this approach in his true identity, and there are many similar phenomena in Zhengqi Village.
Zheng Qi, a villager in Zhengqi Village, told reporters that in their village, the old people have been circulating an ancestral motto: Zheng's descendants will never come out to be an official, but for some reason, they don't know.
In the village, the reporter found in the six old houses left by Zheng villagers that there was a house built in the Ming Dynasty. After entering the yard, the words "Nanshan" were written on the lintel.
"Literally, these four words are simply incomprehensible. It doesn't make sense without this allusion, but if the word' Wei Bao' is replaced by the homophonic' defending', it will make sense, which means defending the meaning of Jianwen Emperor on Nanshan. " Wang Daoheng said that in Zhengyimen, Zhejiang, where Zheng Qia is located, there is a plaque "Xiaoyi Gate", and at the door of an old house in Zhengqi Village, it says "Zhong Yidi", which is also homophonic, but it should actually be "Loyal Emperor". Because Zheng Qia died with Emperor Wen Jian and remained anonymous, he could only be loyal, so he removed the word filial piety and replaced it with loyalty.
Recognition spanning 600 years
In an interview with Zhengqi Village, villager Zheng told reporters that the family tree of the Zheng family in their village was called Bailinpu, but it was burned down in a fire in the 1970s. The president of Zhengmen Clan Association in Pujiang County, Zhejiang Province came to Zhengqi Village this year, and I don't know why their genealogy is called Bailinpu. It turns out that there is a stream called Berlin Stream in front of a Zheng ancestral hall, and there is a stone tablet on the right after entering the door.
In addition, in Zhengqi Village, the reporter also learned that villagers in their village would say "nine cohabitation" when talking about the number nine, but how did the wine order of "nine cohabitation" come from? Zheng Yimen of Zhejiang gave a reasonable explanation. The Zheng family in Zhejiang has been accused by the court of "Zheng Yimen", "Xiaoyi family" and "cohabitation of the ninth generation" for many times.
In Zhejiang, there are many legends about Wen Jian. Because of Emperor Wen Jian, Zheng Yimen came to Zhengqi Village in Ningde twice this year. Because in Zheng Yimen, Zheng Qia, who was an academician, later fled with him and his whereabouts were unknown. Zheng Yimen searched for hundreds of years.
"The clans in Zhejiang say that more than 90% of us are descendants of their eighth ancestor Zheng. There were two meetings of ethnic groups, the first was a visit by the vice president and the second was a visit by the president. Everyone thought it would be 100% if there was a genealogy match, but the genealogy was lost. In order to make this centennial conference more reliable, it was suggested that DNA identification could be done to determine the relationship between the villagers surnamed Zheng in Zhengqi Village and Zheng Yimen's descendants. Zheng Qi, a villager in Zhengqi Village, said that both villages agreed to this proposal, but when it will be implemented, it will wait until the time is ripe.
Zheng Qia and Jian Wendi
Wang Daoheng, head of the research group of Emperor Jianwen's whereabouts in Ningde City, said that their collections of Tan Qian's "Lack of Country" and Gu Yingtai's "Chronicle of the Ming Dynasty" have similar records. 1402, when Yan Bing attacked Nanjing Jinchuan Gate, Emperor Jianwen fled from the gate of hell, followed by 22 ministers, namely Jinjiao, assistant minister of punishments, and Tian Yu, a doctor of punishments.
"Next, they probably went to Zhengmen, Zhejiang. Because of filial piety, this school was named the first family in Jiangnan by Zhu Yuanzhang. They may come here to hide. " Wang Daoheng said that there was such a record in the Ming History of the Ming Dynasty. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/603, a man named Chen Zhong reported to the court that the emperor Wen Jian was hiding in Zhengmen, and Ming' sent an envoy to save him'. When he went to Zhengmen to search, he even turned out everything in the cupboard and only saw classics and history books. Ming Chengzu was furious and took Chen Zhong with him.
In addition, Wang Daoheng also provided the reporter with a poem by Ji Zheng IX of Zhengyi Gate in Zhejiang Province, believing that this poem can explain that Zheng Qia later left Zhengyi Gate with Wen Jian. "Ji Zheng is the next generation of Zheng QIA. He must know that Zheng Qia and Jianwen Emperor left Zheng Yimen together. "
This poem provided by Wang Daoheng is included in Ji Zheng's book "Records of the West" for Zheng Qia's visit to Zhongxian Temple in the township. The full text is as follows: "Filial piety is attached to the pen first, and now it will be changed into a loyal minister. It is difficult for the king to love this man. "
"The first sentence means that Zheng Yimen's filial piety was sealed by Zhu Yuanzhang, and the last three sentences mean that Zheng Qia can't be filial, so he can only follow the loyalty of Emperor Jianwen and flee to the south to live a hard life." Wang Daoheng said that the ministers who followed Emperor Jianwen to Ningde were somewhat separated, and now it can be confirmed that Zheng Qia came with him and a student from imperial academy.
Near Shangjinbei Village, a few months ago, the research team also discovered an ancient tomb in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty. At the scene of the ancient tomb, the reporter saw that the tombstone read the tomb of Lin Shaozhai, who was born in Daming imperial academy.
"We checked the genealogy of Lam nearby, and there was no one named Lin Shaozhai, who was born in imperial academy in the Ming Dynasty. Obviously, Lin Shaozhai is a foreigner. After coming with Emperor Wen Jian, he died here and was buried in Shan Ye, Luojin Temple. " Wang Daoheng said.
Link: According to the historical record "Zhiti", Ming Taizu died and carried on the family line with Zhengyi in Pujiang. He and Hanlin lived in Wansongling, Zhengyimen (now Zhengzhai Town), and once hid in the well to avoid Yongle's raid. This well was later called "Wenjian Well". Wansongling was later built into a shrine, dedicated to the boots left by Emperor Wen Jian, and was called the "Old Buddha Society". (Pujiang County Records p568)