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Another reading material of Zhang Dai
Perhaps it is the literati image of Zhang Dai who gives people more tea to enjoy the garden, "sleeps soundly among ten miles of lotus flowers" and goes alone to the "foggy" lakes and mountains and white rivers to enjoy the snow. Of course, these articles after the Ming Dynasty, even if the sky is high and the clouds are light, are based on many vicissitudes. However, in more words than Memories of Dreams, I felt another Zhang Dai with a strong heart. Perhaps it is not accurate to describe it as strong and fierce. Zong Zi once said: "fame and fortune are lost, wealth is like a dream, loyal ministers are afraid of pain, hoes are afraid of heaviness, and people who have written books for 20 years can only build urns." Is it useful? " Self-deprecating shrewdness jumps from the paper. In fact, firmness and cleverness are unified in zongzi. Firmness and shrewdness will not float easily.
Zhang Dai said: "I don't like to write epitaphs in my life. Occasionally, there are authors. It must be cold, so I am not satisfied. After repeated thoughts, I have failed." There are only four epitaphs in the collection. Let's see who made the epitaph for Zhang. In addition to "My Epitaph", a scholar who has written a lot and dared to laugh and scold, although he "dismissed his post with strange prose, abandoned the book and chased the end" and read widely, "his theory was unexpected." Zhang Dai called it "so different people, so different talents, and it is really indispensable to seek the world."
Secondly, Yao's eldest son is not a big shot or a scholar, but a servant of the Wangs. During the Jiajing period, he was caught fighting with the invading army while farming, and the enemy ordered him to lead the way. Yao's eldest son wisely led him into the mountainous area with broken bridges on both sides and whispered to the villagers to come and panic in the enemy. In the end, the enemy "wiped out 130 people", but Yao was buried inch by inch by the enemy, and was "wrapped in the flesh and blood by the country people". Zhang Dai wrote an inscription for his base area, "Setting up a Monument to Clear the Boundary": "One person is an acyl group, and one hundred and thirty people are an acyl group, which is insufficient; A person can live tens of millions of people, don't even think about it. When I die suddenly, I can't save my life, but I want to be the hometown of Mulberry. After righteousness, justice is great, but I don't want to save the land. Sad husband! "
The third is Zhang Shanmin, Zhang Dai's third brother. A scholar with "ethereal essence, profound knowledge and peaceful mind" is proficient in antique calligraphy and painting. Treat people with simplicity, not with knowledge and goods, but with "sifting mountains". Zhang Yue said, "If you are stupid, if you are stupid, you will spare Chou He in the market, and if you are poor, you will be rich." . Only the noble talents in Meishan can play with the handle. "
The above three people, whether scholars or farmers, are all open-minded, dare to tell the truth, dare to take responsibility, disappear from the powerful, face the invaders, live in the city, have gaps in their chests and are full of vitality. This is what Zhang Dai values most. Although he laughed at himself as a loyal minister and was afraid of pain, unlike his friend Qi Biao's family, he refused to live in the mountains, read and write after his death, preferring to live a poor life.
The wind and waves hit, for literati, some people guard the solar terms, some people bow to reality, some people join the powerful, and some people have no choice but to follow. There is no better time. However, many literati in the late Ming Dynasty did consciously bear the shame of losing their country. They don't become officials, cooperate with foreign countries, or bury themselves in reading and writing, such as Zhang Dai, or in painters' calligraphy, such as Fu Shan and Chen Hongshou, and have built a long-standing and indomitable cultural fragrance with pen and ink. Such an attitude towards life, whether at that time or in later generations, requires the spiritual, spiritual and physical courage of intellectuals.
In fact, there is no contradiction between Zhang Dai and Zhang Dai, who drinks tea and plays with water in the life of literati. He just inherited the principles and spirit of a scholar, and he was a scholar who inherited the cultural tradition of China. The node of historical rise and fall is only an external consideration, while Zhang Dai insists on his ideal of "ice and snow". Strength and chic are integrated.
In fact, it is courageous and not chic to practice such seamless integration. * * * Read 20 10. 1 for mankind, with abridgement * * *
Note: Zhang Dai, an essayist in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang.
Another Reading Topic of Zhang Dai
* * *1* * The following analysis and summary of biographies, the most appropriate two are * * * * *
A. The article thinks that the fundamental reason why Zhang Dai gives people the image of a scholar as "drinking tea in the garden, enjoying snow in the middle of the lake, and the mountains and rivers are white" is that he was influenced by Tao An Meng Yi.
B. The articles written by the literati living in the deep mountains after Ming Taizu's death often reflect the vicissitudes of life under the skylight. Only Zhang Dai and Xue Yue's tea songs are the same, showing another Zhang Dai.
C. Zhang Dai once said: "fame and fortune are lost, wealth is like a dream, loyal ministers are afraid of pain, hoes are afraid of weight, and writing books for 20 years is just like building an urn. Are people useful? " It's a chic self-entertainment mode, and it's no different from living a drunken life.
D. Zhang Dai said that he didn't like to write epitaphs on graves, but he wrote epitaphs for Zhou because Zhang Dai thought that his people "all opinions are off the table" and "it is really indispensable to have two".
E. Zhang Dai attaches great importance to facing aggression, is honest, dares to take responsibility and dares to speak out. Although he is in the city, there is a gap in his heart, and he himself avoids living in the mountains, reading and writing. He would rather live in poverty than refuse to be an official.
* * * 2 * * The article says that "Zhang Dai is not contradictory to Zhang Dai who drinks tea and plays in the life of literati." How to understand the meaning of this sentence
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
* * * 3 * * The article is about "another Zhang Dai". Why did the author describe Zhang Dai's epitaph to three people vividly?
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
* * * 4 * * At the end of the article, it said "not chic", and the last article said "self-deprecating chic came to the fore". So how do you know Zhang Dai's "chic"?
A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Read Zhang Dai's answer again
*** 1***DE
***2*** First of all, Zhang Dai, known in Tao An's Dream, is a romantic "elegant" Zhang Dai who enjoys tea in the garden and snow on the mountain. Second, the destruction of the country, more words than "Memory of Dreams", is the "other" Zhang Dai with a strong heart; Third, the ideal of being firm, natural and unrestrained, pregnant with ice and snow and the writings of avoiding mountains and forests are unified, but they only adhere to the principle spirit of literati. There is no contradiction. * * * means right * * *
***3*** Three people are upright, and those who are brave enough to take responsibility write epitaphs for them, which shows Zhang Dai's value orientation and aesthetic principles and paves the way for writing epitaphs for the three people; Zhang Dai wrote epitaphs for Zhou, Yao and Zhang Shanmin, which showed Zhang Dai's persistent personality. Zhang Dai's ideal of "ice and snow" is highlighted in the praise of the three characters. * * * means right * * *
* * * 4 * * The article "chic" refers to Zhang Dai's "love for mountains and rivers, enjoying the snow and the moon", and he is a man of temperament; "Handsome" also means that Zhang Dai laughed at himself for fun when the country was ruined. But Zhang Dai is not handsome: he is based on firmness, which is the unity of chic and firmness; In the face of the test of life and death, fame and fortune, he consciously shouldered the shame of losing his country, did not cooperate with other nationalities, and persisted in inheriting Chinese cultural traditions; He lives in seclusion in the mountains, content with poverty, and needs courage mentally, ideologically and physically. * * * means right * * *