About the author of "Water Margin"
[Edit this paragraph] Shi Naian
(1296-1371)
Ming Zian (one name is Ming Er), also known as Zhao Rui, The courtesy name is Yanduan and the name is Naian. Han nationality.
Birthplace: Baijuchang, Xinghua (now part of Jiangsu). His ancestral home was Hailing County, Taizhou, and he lived in Shijia Lane, Changmenwai, Suzhou. He later moved to Baijuchang, Xinghua County at that time (now Baiju Town, Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province).
Identity: A famous ancient Chinese writer, born in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties, and the author of the long classical novel "Water Margin". In the 19th year of Jiajing's reign in the Ming Dynasty (1540), Gao Ru's "Baichuan Shuzhi" recorded: "100 volumes of "Water Margin of Loyalty and Righteousness". The edition of Shi Naian in Qiantang. Edited by Luo Guanzhong." In the 45th year of Jiajing's reign, Lang Ying wrote in "Seven Revisions" "Lei Manuscript" says: This book is "the original version of Shi Naian in Qiantang". During the Wanli period, Hu Yinglin pointed out in "Shaoshi Shanfang Bi Cong": "The Water Margin compiled by Shi in Wulin was particularly popular." Today, people agree that Shi Naian is the author of "Water Margin".
[Edit this paragraph] Life story
There are very few materials about Shi Naian's life story, and some of the records collected are also quite contradictory. Since the 1920s, some materials related to Shi Naian have been discovered in Xinghua, Dafeng, Yandu and other places in present-day Jiangsu Province, including the "Shi Family Genealogy", "Shi Family Genealogy", etc., and others The addendum to volume 13 of "Xinghua County Chronicles" contains one "Biography of Shi Naian", and the addendum to volume 14 contains one "Epitaph of Shi Naian" written by Wang Daosheng in the early Ming Dynasty.
According to the analysis of these materials:
Shi Naian is a descendant of Shi Zhichang, one of the seventy-two descendants of Confucius. The descendants of Shi Zhichang made their home in Suzhou in the late Tang Dynasty. His father's name was Yuande, who was a boatman, and his mother was the Bian family (descendants of the Bian family also moved to Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province today).
Shi Naian has been smart, studious, talented, filial and righteous since he was a child.
He was a scholar at the age of 19, a scholar at the age of 28, and a Jinshi with Liu Bowen at the age of 36.
He served as an official in Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province) for three years. Dissatisfied with the darkness of the officialdom and unwilling to cater to the powerful, he abandoned his official position and returned to his hometown. When Zhang Shicheng rebelled against the Yuan Dynasty, Shi Naian participated in his military activities. After Zhang took control of Su, Shi Naian participated in planning under him and had a close relationship with his general Bian Yuanheng. Later, because Zhang was greedy for leisure and did not accept honest advice, Shi Naian, Lu Yuan, Liu Liang, Chen Ji and others were greatly disappointed and left one after another. When Shi Naian was bidding farewell to Lu and Liu Xiang, he composed the suite "Farewell to the Autumn River by the New Water" to express his generous and sorrowful feelings. Soon, Zhang Shicheng died and the country was destroyed. Shi wandered around the world, roaming in Shandong, Henan and other places. He was friendly with Liu Shanben, the teacher of Yuncheng County, Shandong, and later lived in Xu Shichu, Jiangyin, where he served as his tutor. Later, he returned to Baiju and lived in seclusion. Feeling the decline of current affairs, he wrote "Water Margin" to express his feelings. He also wrote "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and "The Legend of Sansui Pingyao" with his disciple Luo Guanzhong. He was also good at poetry and music, but very few of his works were circulated. In addition to the suite "Farewell on the Autumn River", there are also poems by Gu Ti and poems by Liu Liang that have been handed down to the world. In order to avoid being drafted by the Ming Dynasty, Shi Naian lived in Huai'an, fell ill and died, and was buried on the spot at the age of 75. Decades after Shi Naian's death, his grandson Wenyu (Shu Yuan), whose family was prosperous, moved his ancestor Naian's bones to be buried in Baiju Xiluo Lake (now Shijiaqiao Village, Xinduo Town, Xinghua City, Jiangsu Province), and Please ask Wang Daosheng to write "Shi Naian's Epitaph".
In the 19th year of Jiajing's reign in the Ming Dynasty (1540), Gao Ru's "Baichuan Shuzhi" contains: "100 volumes of "Water Margin of Loyalty and Justice". The edition of Shi Naian of Qiantang. Edited by Luo Guanzhong." Jiajing 40th year In the fifth year, Lang Ying said in "Seven Revised Drafts": "This book is the 'Qiantang Shi Naian's Edition'." In the Wanli Period, Hu Yinglin pointed out in "Shaoshi Shanfang Bi Cong": "The Water Margin compiled by Wulin Shi , is particularly popular." People today agree that Shi Naian is the author of "Water Margin". Some people also think that it was co-authored with his disciple Luo Guanzhong or continued by Luo Guanzhong.
Judging from the historical data currently available, Shi Naian still exists, but there are few historical records about his life and deeds. Even though some materials are clearly recorded, the authenticity and credibility of the materials themselves have not yet been recognized. We believe that he was probably from Hangzhou, and at least he lived in Hangzhou for a long time. Some people speculate that he may be a calligrapher who specializes in writing storybooks for storytellers, or he may be a storyteller with proficient writing and superb skills.
He lived in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. His ancestral home was Gusu. His name was Zi'an and his courtesy name was Naian. He was born in the Bingshen year of Yuanzhen (1296). He was a smart young man and could write good articles. He later became a scholar in Shun Xinweike (1331). ) Jinshi, also served as an official in Qiantang for two years. Because his ambition was not fulfilled and he was not suitable for the powerful people in power, he abandoned his official position and went into seclusion, writing behind closed doors. Some people say that he had a good relationship with Zhang Shicheng, the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Yuan Dynasty, and Bian Yuanheng. Bian recommended Shi Naian to Zhang as his staff, but Shi still refused to apply after many invitations. It is said that Zhang Shicheng even visited him personally and met him. He is writing a book called "The Legend of Jianghu Heroes" in his study, which is also known as "Water Margin". Later, Zhang Shicheng was defeated. In order to avoid disaster, Shi Naian moved his family to Huai'an and continued writing for his own entertainment. At the beginning of the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang also issued an edict asking him to become an official, but he still insisted not to become an official. He accumulated good deeds in the local area and gained an excellent reputation. He died of illness a few years after he finished writing "Water Margin".
[Edit this paragraph] Shi Naian Memorial Hall Shi Naian Tomb in Xinghua, Jiangsu
Shi Naian Memorial Hall is located in the west of Baiju Town, Dafeng City (formerly affiliated to Xinghua) It is said that the stack on the flower house in the suburbs was where Shi Naian wrote books. This place is surrounded by water, with dense reeds and a strong atmosphere of "Water Margin". When visitors come here, they will doubt that they have really arrived at Liao'erwa, a water pond in Liangshan Mountain. The memorial hall is located in the center of Huajia Duo. It is an ancient residential building with three front and rear entrances and two east and west wings in Anhui style with blue bricks and small tiles. It is surrounded by whitewashed walls. The first entrance is the foyer. Above the red lacquer door is a plaque "Shi Naian Memorial Hall" written by the calligraphy master Qi Gong. .
Shi Naian was originally from Shijiaqiao, Changmenwai, Suzhou. According to the "Shi Family Genealogy" and other relevant materials, Shi Naian, named Yanduan, was one of the seventy-two sages who were disciples of Confucius. A descendant of Chang Chang, his father was a boatman. He entered Hushuguan to study privately at the age of 13. He was a scholar at the age of 19 and married the Ji family. He was a scholar at the age of 29. He was a Jinshi at the same age as Liu Bowen at the age of 35 and was appointed as the official of Qiantang County. Because he could not stand the arrogance and arbitrariness of Daru Huachi (official name), he resigned angrily and returned home a year later to teach apprentices and write books.
Shi Naian moved here to live in seclusion to avoid the war and wrote "Water Margin". According to folklore, Zhang Shicheng rebelled against the Yuan Dynasty, proclaimed himself the King of Wu in Pingjiang (Suzhou), and hired Shi Naian as military advisor. Later, Zhang Shicheng demoted the Yuan Dynasty, but Shi Naian repeatedly refused to obey, so he abandoned his official position and went to Zhutang Donglin'an in Jiangyin to sit in the temple. . Zhu Yuanzhang sent troops to besiege Pingjiang, and the war spread to Jiangyin. Shi Naian remembered that his friend Gu Ti, who had served as Tongzhi of Songjiang and Tongzhi of Jiaxing Road, was from Xinghua. The place is remote, surrounded by water, and has inconvenient transportation. It has always been said that "Zhaoyang (also known as Xinghua) has been a good place to avoid soldiers since ancient times", so someone specially sent a letter to Gu Ti and attached a poem:
During the desolate years, he traveled around the world and found a good home in Yangshan (referring to Zhaoyang, improvised).
I wish to cultivate grass and cultivate more trees, but do not teach plums to bear fruit like melons. (A folk song at that time: "Li grows cucumbers, and all the people are homeless")
After seeing the letter, Gu Ti immediately wrote back to Shi Naian, welcoming him to come to Xinghua for refuge. The letter also included a poem in reply:
I came from the south of the Yangtze River to ask about my visit, and I wanted to send a smile to my old colleague.
This is not the land of Taoyuan. Where can I avoid the Qin Dynasty?
After receiving the letter, Shi Naian left his eldest brother Yanming in his hometown of Suzhou, and took his second wife, Shen Shi, with him. The second brother Yancai and his disciple Luo Guanzhong braved the beacon smoke and crossed the river to the north. They first stayed temporarily at Gu Ti's home in Xinghua, and then with Gu Ti's help, they purchased land and real estate in Baijuchang, a sparsely populated seaside area east of Xinghua. Living in seclusion in "Shuiji", he got to know many farmers and salt people. Many stories in their lives became the material for his creation. After re-creation, with amazing artistic talent, he used Song Jiang to portray the heroic heroes of Liangshan 108. It's vividly portrayed. When the book was completed, Shi Naian wrote two poems in a letter:
The emperor of Taiping sits in the middle, and the prudent officials are divided into four parts.
But when I see a fat sheep, I am content with my father, and I don’t hear a horse neighing to move a general.
I have inherited rituals and music as my family business, and I want to send a quick message by singing songs.
If you don’t learn from the southeast, there is no taboo about the sun, but it is said that "there are floating clouds in the northwest."
Most people are born on the same hill, and they will fall into the same place after a hundred years.
The plow is as stable as the chariot, and the fur is as warm as the fur.
Zi Jian's high talent was called a tiger, but Zhuang Sheng's great talent was called an ox.
In the cold night, drunkenness shakes Rouhan, and the words are not surprising, so he will stop.
The former song is a confession of his political ideals, hoping that a wise king will govern the world with upright officials, so that the people can live and work in peace and contentment, and there will be no more wars. The latter song is a description of his quiet life in seclusion and writing books, although it is not obvious to the current world. , but also comfortable and comfortable. However, the reality was not what Shi Naian thought. After "Water Margin" was written, it spread like wildfire and was introduced into the palace. When Zhu Yuanzhang saw it, he said: "This is a book that promotes chaos. This person must have a treacherous conspiracy." He ordered Shi Naian to be punished. Naian was imprisoned in Tianlao for more than a year. He was rescued by Liu Bowen in many ways and released in the third year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty. He died of illness in Huai'an on the way.
After Shi Naian's death, his twelfth generation grandson Shi Dianbang initiated the transformation of his former residence in Baiju Town into the Shi Ancestral Hall. Later, after several repairs and expansions, it became an auditorium with three front and rear entrances and a side hall next to it. The first entrance is the foyer, which houses a teahouse; the second entrance is the bookstore, where artists can read "Water Margin"; the third entrance is Fuyin Hall, which enshrines the spiritual tablets of Shi Naian, the founder of the Qianxing Dynasty, and his descendants. They are held here every spring and autumn. Worship ancestors. Unfortunately, Shi Temple was destroyed by the Anti-Japanese War. In the early 1990s, the Ministry of Culture, the People's Government of Jiangsu Province and Dafeng County raised funds from various sources, and based on the restoration map of Shi's Ancestral Hall drawn by Professor Yu Heng of Fudan University in Shanghai, the design was presided over by the famous ancient architecture expert and Professor Chen Congzhou of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The "Shi Naian Memorial Hall" was built on August 20, 1993.
Upon entering the gate of the memorial hall, the first thing that catches the eye is a white marble statue of Shi Naian standing in the courtyard. The statue is modeled after the traditional Chinese painting design created by Professor Fan Zeng, director of the Oriental Art Department of Nankai University in Tianjin. A masterpiece by Mr. Ye Zonghao, a Nanjing sculptor and vice president of the Architects Association. Shi Naian wears a square scarf and a toga, with a pale face and deep eyes. He holds a scroll in his left hand and twirls his beard in his right hand. He looks like a cynical and arrogant scholar.
Behind the statue is the viewing hall. Above the door hangs the inscription "Light of Hometown and Country" by female calligrapher Xiao Xian. On the four walls are displayed 48 silk comic strips introducing Shi Naian's life. Zhenjiang calligrapher Li Zonghai wrote a couplet:
There are chivalrous and righteous people who sacrifice themselves for others, but they are drawn from Lu Da, Wu Song, and Li Kui;
They have profound and far-sighted strategies that can shake the world. It was written from the minds of Chao Gai, Song Jiang and Wu Yong.
Further back is the exhibition hall, above which hangs the inscription "Wen Xin Du Yun" by calligraphy master Wuzhong Qi. The cultural relics and historical materials related to Shi Naian are displayed in the hall, which is divided into four parts: Shi Naian's family background, life, writing anecdotes and social influence. On display are the "Shi's Changmen Genealogy" and the unearthed "Shi Naian's only son". Hundreds of cultural relics and historical materials, such as "Gongrang Epitaph" and "Shirang Dizhao", great-grandson "Shi Tingzuo's Epitaph", etc., have solved the centuries-old mystery of "Shi Naian". He is not as Hu Shi said. It is said that he is a "death is the public" kind of people, but there is indeed such a person. Fan Ning, a researcher at the Institute of Literature of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, happily composed a poem after visiting here:
There must be a reason for the Baiju people to be passed down from generation to generation.
As time goes by, winds and rains pass by, leaving only an orphan buried in a solitary grave.
In the exhibition hall, people can also see many different versions of "Water Margin". According to incomplete statistics, since the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, there have been 53 domestic versions of "Water Margin" so far. It is also widely spread abroad. There are translations of "Water Margin" in North Korea, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam, Italy, France, Russia, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Romania and other countries. Translations of "Water Margin" in the United States include "Water Margin" and "Water Margin". "Water Margin Anthology", "Chinese Classical Novels - Water Margin", "Water Margin Vocabulary", "Wild Boar Forest", etc. There are more than 20 translations in Japan. The influence of Shi Naian and his work "Water Margin" is very huge. There are academic groups in my country such as China Water Margin Society, Zhejiang Water Margin Society, Shandong Liangshan Water Margin Research Society, Yancheng City Water Margin Society, and Dafeng Shi Naian Research Society. Study Shi Naian and "Water Margin", hold research meetings, and publish journals. After the large-scale TV series "Water Margin" was broadcast, it attracted hundreds of millions of viewers. As the Japanese Sinologist Shiosa Wen said: ""Water Margin" is an earth-shattering short story, the crown of Chinese novels, and an outstanding classical novel that has become famous in the world literary world." Dr. Lu Qingbin of the University of London once traveled across the ocean and traveled thousands of miles to Dafeng Baiju to inspect Shi Naian. Shi Naian is not only a literary giant in China, but also a celebrity in the world's literary world; "Water Margin" is not only a treasure of the motherland's literature and art, but also the essence of the world's literary treasure house.
More than ten miles west from the Shi Naian Memorial Hall (in today’s Shijiaqiao Village, Xinduo Township, Xinghua City) is the Shi Naian Cemetery.
There is a three-door brick archway in front of the tomb. On the middle beam, there is a stone carving with the four characters "Naian Gongfang" hanging on it. The tomb is among the green pines and cypresses. A stone tablet with "Reconstruction of Shi Naian's Tomb" written by Zhao Puchu in Zhao Puchu's handwriting is erected in front of the tomb. There is also a green island with a small river flowing around the island. When looking down from a high place, it looks like a lion (Shi Zi) twirling a hydrangea, so it is commonly known as the "Feng Shui Treasure Land". Zhang Huiren, an associate researcher at the Institute of Literature of the Beijing Academy of Social Sciences, wrote a poem of praise:
The white horse on the other side is lost in the dawn mist, and the dribbling lion is bathed in the morning sun.
Lying calmly under the Naian spring, people can judge the merits and demerits.