Ba Guan Tian Shu
Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, there have been records of "Eight Scenes" in China historical books. As for why the "Eight Scenes" are necessary, further research is needed. The Eight Scenes of Beijing were first seen in The Legacy of Mingchang in the Jin Dynasty. Mingchang is the title of Jin Zhangzong, which is called "Eight Scenes of Yanshan Mountain" (see the table below). There are two different names for "Eight Scenes of Yanshan Mountain" recorded in Tongyizhi of Yuan Dynasty, namely, the autumn wind in Taiyo is called the autumn wave in Taiyo; The snow in Xishan is called Xishan Ji Snow. There are three differences between the Ming Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty, that is, the autumn wind of Taiyin is called the eye of Taiyin; Qiongdao spring sound is called Qiongdao spring cloud; The snow in Xishan is called Xishan Ji Snow. As for the title of "Eight Scenes of Yanjing", it appeared in Wanping County Records in the early Qing Dynasty and Kangxi years. Among them, the name is only one word different from that of the Ming Dynasty, that is, Yuquan "hanging" rainbow, which is called Yuquan "flowing" rainbow. In the 16th year of Qianlong, that is, A.D. 175 1 year, Emperor Qianlong personally presided over the revision of place names, and erected a royal monument at the location of each scenic spot, with the names of eight scenic spots on the front and a seven-meter poem on the back. Today, based on the names of the eight scenic spots in Yanjing set by Qianlong, we will describe them later.
The evolution of the names of Yanjing Eight Scenes
Jin Dynasty: Taiyue Autumn Wind Qiongdao Chunyin Road Lingjimen Sunset Flying Rain Xishan Snow Yuquan Hanging Rainbow Lugou Xiaoyue Juyong Diecui.
Yuan Dynasty: Grandfather Bo Qiu Qiongdao Chunyin Daoling Sunset Red Zhao Jimen Fei Yu Xishan Ji Xue Yuquan Chuihong Lugou Xiaoyue Juyong Diecui.
Ming Dynasty: Taiyou passes through the Spring Clouds and Daoling in Baiqiong Island, Zhao Qianji, Menyan Tree, Xishan Ji, Xue Yuquan, weeping rainbow, Lugou, Xiaoyue, living in a beautiful place.
Qing Dynasty (Kangxi period): Taiyoujing Boqiong Island, Chunyun Daoling, Zhao Xi Jiyanshu, Xishan Jixue, Yuquan Liu Hong Lugou and Xiaoyue Juyong Diecui.
Qing Dynasty (16th year of Qianlong): Grandfather autumn wind, Qiongdao spring shade, Jintai West Village, Yanjie Tree, Xishan Mountain, Qing Xue Yuquan Tulugou, Xiaoyue, living in eternal splendor.
Add a few scenes: the autumn wind in the south is raining in the eastern suburbs, the silver ingots are watching the mountains, and the sheep are in the west.
Eight scenic spots in Yanjing:
Taiye Qiu Feng
Today, there is a water port (formerly known as Taiye Pool) next to Wanshanmen on the east coast of Zhongnanhai. There is a pavilion in the water called "Yunshui Pavilion", which is famous for its neutral scenery. Eight scenic spots in Yanjing? Say: "...? "The weather is unfathomable, the sun and the moon are swaying, and the ripples are clear and lovely, so it is too liquid and too sunny. There is a line in Qianlong's poem, "Chen Ju, Qiu Lai, the Jade Lake is clear, and the bridge is horizontal", so it is called grandfather autumn wind.
Haruki Qiongdao
Qianlong decided that the stone tablet was originally in front of the heart-warming hall on the western slope of Baita Mountain in Beihai. In the fifty-first year of Qianlong (1786), it moved to the east side of Baita Mountain. Qionghua Island has been continuously repaired since it was built in the 19th year of Jin Dading (1 179), and the scenery is extraordinary. "Eight Scenery Map" describes: "Clouds often float in the mountains, colorful and gloomy, so they are called Qiongdao Spring Clouds." Emperor Qianlong changed it to the sound of Qiongdao Spring, because there is a sentence in his poem, "At the earliest time of spring, I was in a hurry to plow the fields and make magnificent songs on sunny days." This shows that he is very concerned about the agricultural situation.
Yuquan Baotu Mountain
Yuquan Mountain is to the west of Wanshou Mountain. Jin Zhangzong Yushan Luquan Hospital was completed. There are three caves in Yuquan Mountain, one is in the south of Shanxi, and there is a spring below it, which is unfathomable; One in Shannan, the spring water flows out "if the sound is mixed, the color is like plain practice"; First, there is spring water spewing out at the foot of the mountain, which tastes sweet and the word "Yuquan" is engraved on the door. Because of its winding mountain spring, it flows like a rainbow, so it is called "Yuquan weeping rainbow" Gan Long was changed to "Yuquan Push". He said: "Spring spurts out, heavy snow surges, and the sudden appearance of Jinan is nothing more than that. Those who are interested in the Eight Scenes look down at the rainbow and lose the truth. So it should be renamed the first spring in the world. " There is also a poem: "Don't change your mind and fall into the clouds!"
Sunny western hills after snow.
Xishan refers to the general name of the continuous mountains in the western suburbs of Beijing, and it is the remnant vein of Taihang Mountain. Snow also refers to this area. Xiangshan is a typical mountain peak in this area, so Qianlong put the monument of "Clear Snow in Xishan" on the mountainside of Xiangshan.
Thiopendra
The "Jimen Smoke Tree" monument stands on the edge of Tucheng, five miles outside Deshengmen. There used to be a "smoke tree" landscape here in history, but this is not the thistle gate. After the Han Dynasty, there was no criticism about Ji Cheng in Guang 'anmen area, so why is it called Jimen? "Water Mirror Notes" said: "There is a thistle hill in the northwest corner of Ji Cheng", which refers to the hill in the original Baiyun Temple. Zou? It is a misunderstanding to say that "the thistle gate is in the northwest corner of the old city" and "the old city". In fact, it should refer to Jinzhongdu (after the completion of the Yuan Dynasty, Jinzhongdu was called the old city). In the Hakka dialect of Chang 'an in Ming Dynasty, it is simply said: "There is a tucheng gate outside Deshengmen, the capital city today. According to legend, it is the site of ancient Jiyumen, also known as Jishan. " Obviously wrong. Based on this, the "Textual Research on Old News under the Sun" ordered by Qianlong put the "thrips" monument here. Note on the Eight Scenery Map: "Outside the door, there are old halls, carved columns and painted buildings, floating in the air, where tourists roam, while there are still two piles of soil outside the door, with lush trees and magnificent green and smoke, which will not change at four o'clock." So it is called "thrips".
Jintai Zhao Xi
Jintai, namely Huang Jintai. It originally refers to a clay platform built by Corporal Li Xian of Yan Zhaowang in the 3rd century BC, with a daughter on it, who hired celebrities from all over the world. As for the location of the station, it is difficult to point out accurately at present because of its age. There are currently seven or eight gold platforms. "Shanggu County Map Classic" said: "Huang Jintai is eighteen miles southeast of Yishui, and Yan Zhaowang placed his daughter on it to extend the world." "Notes on Water Classics" says that "there is a site of Huang Jintai in the east of Gu 'an". Hakkas in Chang 'an in Ming Dynasty: "There are two things in Huang Jintai, so Yan Zhaowang is a wedding ceremony. Victory is on the rise. There are also two capitals today. " "A Brief Introduction to the Emperor's Scenery" contains: "Yizhou, two places near Yishui, one place outside the capital and three places in Huang Jintai". Chen Yuanlue in Qing Dynasty said: "There is Huang Jintai three miles outside Yongdingmen." In addition to the above records, there is Erlang Temple in the north of Dongkou Road in dengshikou, which is the "golden platform sunset" in the inner city (see Ma Zhiyao's Guide to Peiping). Now there is the place name of Jintai Road in the north of Xiaozhuang, and the locals say that this is the site of the ancient "Jintai Sunset". Guangqumen has Zhao Xi Temple. The old residents of Cheng Nan said that this is the site of "Sunset on the Golden Platform". Emperor Qianlong put the stone tablet outward. That is, in the factory at 350 1 south of Guandongdian (on the mound in the east half of the original Miaojiadi teaching field). In the "Introduction to Cultural Relics of the Old Capital" published by 1935, you can also see photos of stone tablets lying down. There is no trace now.
The morning moon in Lugou
Lugou of Yongding River has been an important transportation hub since ancient times. Jin Shizong ordered the construction of this bridge in 1 189, and it was completed in 1 192 (the third year of Ming Chang), and was named Guangli Bridge. Changhong and other bridges, eleven arches, four Chinese watches, and 485 stone lions carved on the sentry post. The bridge is 266 meters long and 9 meters wide. The transportation in ancient times was not very convenient, and the capital was about half a day's journey from here. Say goodbye to Jingmen, stay on it and leave early tomorrow morning. Cockcrow on the road, still see the bright moon in the sky, the earth as silver, Lugouqiao as frost. Therefore, the artistic conception of "abortion" is well known. The Lugouqiao Incident happened here on July 7th, 1937. That night, the Japanese invaders tried to cross the bridge to Wanping County on the pretext of lacking a single soldier, but they were rejected by the bridge-guarding troops of the 29th Army. In this way, a fierce battle was launched, and the defenders waved broadswords, and the cold light was everywhere, and the Japanese aggressors flinched. /kloc-more than 0/000 devils are surrounded by chess pieces, and they can all be destroyed at one command. However, the traitor "government" ordered the frontline troops "not to expand the situation" and let the Japanese army escape. The next day, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued an anti-Japanese war declaration to the whole country, and the arduous eight-year anti-Japanese war began. Now this ancient bridge has announced its glorious retirement, no longer undertaking huge transportation tasks, but as a tourist attraction, welcoming guests from all directions. In recent years, the Lugou Bridge Restoration Committee has done a lot of work and plans to build museums, memorial halls and exhibition halls. , so that the Lugou Bridge has a new look, and make it contribute to the second youth tourism.
Ju Yong die Cui
Badaling Great Wall Mutianyu Great Wall Simatai Great Wall Jinshanling Great Wall
Autumn wind in the south
In today's Nanwan area, the Yuan Dynasty was a place to fly, and the Ming and Qing Dynasties was a place where the royal family raised birds and animals, called Nanhaizi. At that time, lush vegetation, nymphs and streams, beautiful environment. Every spring and autumn, the emperor often comes here to hunt. The above landscape has gradually disappeared due to many disasters. In recent years, in order to restore the old appearance, the government has vigorously afforested, planted trees, brought back elk and rebuilt Tuanhe Palace, which will become a charming tourist area.
It's raining in the eastern suburbs
Outside Chaoyangmen today, there are fertile land and Ma Pingchuan. The countryside is dotted with far and near, and the flowers are bright, especially during the period of ploughing and farming in the spring rain, which shows the pleasure of pastoral scenery.
Yindingguan Mountain
Between Shichahai and Houhai in the inner city of Beijing, there is a slightly arched stone bridge, which looks like a silver ingot, hence the name Yinding Bridge. To the east of the bridge is the broad Shichahai, and to the west of the bridge is the narrow Houhai. Standing on the bridge and looking west, you can see the willows on both sides of the river brushing water nearby; You can see the endless western hills in the distance. A natural picture composed of distant mountains, distant waters and verdant willows and rivers is rare in downtown areas. Strangely, only standing on the bridge can you enjoy the scenery. Once off the bridge, the scenery is nothing.
Bian Xi sheep
Also known as Bian Xi Aries. It turns out that there are dozens of white stones scattered in the grass on the left bank of the moat outside Xibianmen, which are three or four feet long, of different sizes and shapes. From a distance, it looks like a white sheep in the grass, standing or lying or eating green, just like a real sheep. There are many folklore about these white stones. The most representative thing is that Lu Ban used magic to turn stones into sheep to build Beijing. Because it didn't work, Aries turned back to stone. To sum up, in addition to the traditional Eight Scenes of Yanjing, there are many landscapes in Beijing, but they have to be circulated among the people because they have not been "imperial". But obviously, the trend of more and more names is not satisfied with the "eight views".