Sanchuigang is Dagangshan—Re-examination of the origin of the place name Sanchuigang

The hero immediately arose from Shatuo, but Zhu Liang was so domineering.

It is difficult to support Tang Sheji with one hand, but the city still supports the mountains and rivers of Jin.

There are strange children under the wind and cloud tent, and there are many tears in front of the drum horn lamp.

In the desolate way down the hill, people still sing "A Hundred Years Song".

"Gang" is majestic and powerful, and has shocked the past and present. These two people "joined forces" to make Sanchuigang famous in China and famous in China, pushing Sanchuigang's reputation to the top.

"Old History of the Five Dynasties Zhuangzong Ji 1", on the first day of the fifth lunar month, the morning fog was dim, and the emperor led his troops to lie down at the foot of the three hanging posts. On Jiedan, it was foggy again, and we marched straight to Jiacheng. When Liang Zu heard about his defeat, he was frightened and sighed: "If you give birth to a son like this, the Li family will not die! My sons are like dolphins." Li Cunxu, Zhuangzong of the later Tang Dynasty, cleverly took advantage of the location of Sanchuigang and used the heavy fog as a cover. He made a surprise attack on Liang Jun and became famous in one battle. Sanchuigang has been recorded in history since then.

Sanchuigang, also known as Sanchuigang, is a famous mountain. It stretches across the northern suburbs of Changzhi City like a long dragon, running from northeast to southwest. The mountain is not tall, but its strategic position is very important. , has always been a natural barrier for the ancient city of Luzhou.

So, how did the famous Sanchuigang get its name, and which mountain does it refer to today? To clarify this issue, it is especially necessary for Changzhi and literature and history.

On February 11th of the Jihai year, with Wang Xusheng, a cultural and historical researcher of the Lucheng District CPPCC, as a guide, we conducted an exploration of Sanchuigang. We drove from Xitianggong in Lucheng City, passed through Dongtiangong, Chongdao and other villages and circled around Sanchuigang, and then climbed up to Sanchuigang to check the terrain. Wang Xusheng was born and raised in Xitianggong Village, Sanchuigang, and was very knowledgeable about the local history and culture. The two of them chatted while walking. Wang Xusheng said that Xitianggong was originally called Tiangong Village. The villagers have lived on Sanchuigang for generations and have constantly moved to Sanchuigang. It is the oldest village around Sanchuigang. Xitiangong has the most say in the past and present of Sanchuigang. In the past, there were dense forests on Sanchuigang, blocking out the sky and the sun. Later, the trees were destroyed and turned into barren mountains. Most of the mountains were reclaimed into terraced fields. Tiangong Village later evolved into Tiangong Village. West Tiangong, East Tiangong, Xiao Tiangong and Nan Tiangong were all named after Tiangong Village. The genealogy of the Shen surname in Xitian Gong Village records: "During the Qianlong period, the clan cultivated land on the bank of Xianlong and obtained ancient jigs. Mu was the governor of Zhao County in the Northern Qi Dynasty. His courtesy name was Xianhe Zhizhi. The name of the Zhizhi was Mu, a native of Huguan, and his tenth generation ancestor was the guardian of the surname Xianhe. The county was born in Lu, and he had officials for four generations, all in the Yuan, Wei and Northern Qi dynasties. Mu died in the Northern Qi Dynasty and was buried at the east foot of Sanchui Mountain, thirty miles north of Huguancheng (now Changzhi City) in the Renshou period of the Sui Dynasty. The place is now Luyi. On the northern cliff of Tiangong Village, fifteen miles southwest, the Gaishen clan lived in Tiangong." Zhao Yunbin, deputy director of the Lucheng District People's Congress, told Wang Xusheng that the rubbings of this epitaph are now in the National Library. The epitaph of Guo Taijun, the mother of Shen, the mother of Shen, unearthed from the Jiaqing Emperor in the Qing Dynasty and unearthed in Xitian Gong, contains the sentence "Fifteen miles southwest of the Qiaoling Mausoleum, Chui Mountain is entrenched and majestic." Chui Mountain refers to the three vertical hills. Both the east and west of Sanchuigang are discontinuous hills, but Sanchuigang is the largest, and of course it is majestic. The location of Sanchui Mountain is also clearly marked on the Qing Dynasty Feng Shui map collected by the Gongshen family in Xitian.

Wang Xusheng said that Sanchuigang is called Dagangshan by the people. The terrain is high in the west and low in the east. It roughly stretches for Jiuhuali and is separated from Ergangshan (also known as Xiaogangshan) in Licungou, Luzhou District in the west. The ditch faces each other, and the gentle part of Chongdao Village in Lucheng City in the east is connected with the small ditch next to Huanglugang. In recent years, some good people have been hyping up Sanchuigang, claiming that Sanchuigang is located on the southwest border of Lucheng and consists of three mountains: Dagang Mountain, Ergang Mountain, and Sangang Mountain. They are lined up from east to west and are connected in shape and meaning. , extending to the area of ​​Aoli Village in Luzhou District, so it is called Sanchuigang. Some people just follow what others say, echo what others say, and blindly follow the trend. For a time, it seemed to be a "conclusive conclusion" that Sanchuigang was composed of three mountains: Dagang Mountain, Ergang Mountain and Sanggang Mountain. In fact, there are only Dagang Mountain and Ergang Mountain (also called Xiaogang Mountain) in the local area, and there is no Sanggang Mountain at all. Sanganshan was fabricated to make up three mountains.

The origin of the place name Sanchuigang is from the dialogue between the coach Ding Hui and Zhuangzong Li Cunxu in the sixth chapter of Ruhe's novel "Half Heroes Later Tang Zhuangzong" "Zhu Wen of Luzhou City once again changed his command to Sanchuigang Yazi and started to show his power" You have to understand—the camp has been set up, and Ding Hui will accompany Li Cunxu to inspect each camp. The two of them immediately rode to Gaofu. Ding Hui pointed to the undulating hills and said, "Master, do you know the name of this hill?" Li Cunxu said, "I remember when I was four or five years old, I accompanied my father to conquer Meng Fangli and passed by when I came back. Here, troops once rested on the hill. Do you remember that this hillock is called Sanchuigang?" Ding Hui said: "The king remembered it correctly. This hillock is named Sanchuigang because of its shape. , there are three main peaks, extending in three directions, facing Luzhou in the south, Jin and Jiang in the west, and Xing and Ming in the east. Although it is only 350 feet high and has a radius of ten miles, it is lush with trees on Ruofu Bing Mountain and is not far from Jiazhai. Ten miles away, you can reach it with a commanding position... The ambushes on three vertical posts can attack Jiazhai and break the siege of Luzhou, and they can block the passage to block the enemy's reinforcements. Only the king wants to stand there! Looking from the main peak of Sanchuigang, the east and west peaks are clearly distinguishable. The south peak has been destroyed by mountain excavation, and the ancient city of Luzhou can be seen in full view. Wang Xusheng went on to say that the former site of Xuanzong Temple is in the Nanfeng area, and he once picked up ancient bricks and tiles when he was a child.

There are two opinions here: one believes that Sanchuigang is composed of Dagang Mountain, Ergang Mountain and Sanggang Mountain; the other claims that Sanchuigang is Dagang Mountain. Whether who is right or wrong, or whether both views are inaccurate, requires careful research.

Let’s start with the definition of Sanchuigang. What is “Chui”, what is “Sanchui”, and what is “Sanchuigang”?

Chui, explained in "Shuowen", refers to the far side. Duan Yucai of the Qing Dynasty noted in "Shuowen Jiezi Annotation" as: far away. "Han Shu", Chui, originally means far edge. By extension, all sides are called vertical.

It means north, east and south. Li Shan of the Tang Dynasty noted: Sanchui refers to the west, south and east. Refers to the three borders in the east, west and south. Baidu Chinese, three pointed fingers: 1. Still three sides. Refers to the three borders in the east, west and south. 2. Three sides of Judah. Refers to the three borders in the east, south and north. It can be further deduced from this that the three vertical sides refer to the three adjacent sides, whether it refers to the three sides of east, west and south, the three sides of east, south and north, or the three sides of north, east and west, the three sides of north, west and south. side.

Looking through ancient history, there are many examples of the use of "three verticals", here are a few:

Han Dynasty's "Salt and Iron Theory" Beihu 38: Now the three verticals have been leveled , except the north is undecided. The Huns were frightened by the husband's move, and they released preparations at home and abroad, but why were they so few?

"Hanshu" Volume 85 "Gu Yong Du Ye Biography 55": Nowadays, all the barbarians are serving as concubines. There is no danger of smoked porridge in the north and no trouble in the south. The difficulties faced by Zhao Tuo and Lu Jia were revealed by Yan Ran, and there were warnings of military revolution.

"New Tang Book" Volume 215 Biography Chapter 146: The Western Region: Four hundred miles west of Suye City to Qianquan, two hundred miles away, Nanxue Mountain, three Chuipinglu is named because of its many springs and pools, where the Turkic Khans used to escape the summer heat.

"New Book of Tang" Volume 209 Biographies 141 Under Tubo: Lianyunbao is an important place in Jing, with three vertical cliffs. The north is high, where the captives advance and retreat. , wait for the fire to pass easily.

Desert.

"New Book of Tang" Volume 206 Biographies 140: Turks: To the north of Jinshan Mountain, there are three vertical battles, only one side can accommodate chariots and riders, and the soil is broad, that is, According to it, there were 30,000 victorious soldiers. He claimed to be Yizhu Chebi Khan, and was thousands of miles away from Chang'an. He was in Xigeluolu and Beijiegu, and they were all under his control. He went out to plunder the people and livestock of Yantuo from time to time.

……

According to the above summary, for a region, three vertical points refers to its three adjacent sides; specifically for mountains, three vertical points refers to a mountain with three peaks, and the three peaks are like mountains. three sides.

At this point, Sanjuigang’s meaning is very clear.

Sanchuigang can be understood literally, that is, there are three peaks on a mountain, and the three peaks point in three directions, but this mountain is one, it is one mountain rather than three mountains. If Sanchuigang must be interpreted as consisting of three mountains, then the three mountains are not lined up in one direction, but one mountain in each of the three directions. The so-called Dagang, Ergan and Sangan theories do not conform to such characteristics. On the contrary, the passage in the novel "Half Heroes of Later Tang Zhuangzong" defines Sanchuigang very accurately: "Sanchuigang is named after its shape. It has three main peaks, extending in three directions. It borders Luzhou in the south and Jin and Jiang in the west. , facing Xing and Ming in the east, although it is only 350 feet high and has a radius of ten miles, with lush trees. "This is the only information I have seen so far about the origin of Sanchuigang's name. It is very precious. In order to find out the source of this passage, I tried to contact Ru He, the author of "Half Heroes of Later Tang Dynasty Zhuangzong", but the search was unsuccessful. We might as well speculate that "Half Heroes of Later Tang Zhuangzong" is a historical novel. When writing the novel, the author must have referred to relevant historical materials. The passage involving the place name of Sanchuigang was either quoted by the author from ancient history unknown to us, or the author's own interpretation of it. Analysis of the place names of Sanchuigang. In the preface of the novel, the author stated that Sanchuigang is located in the west of Changzhi City. Obviously, he has not visited Changzhi and inspected Sanchuigang. However, in the main text of the novel, he accurately positioned Sanchuigang. Such a contradiction just shows that Sanchuigang is The name is derived from its shape, and the three main peaks are most likely derived from ancient historical data. Moreover, the naming of Sanchui Gang is consistent with the meaning of the word "Sanchui" used in the Twenty-Five Histories.

In ancient times, there were two famous mountains in the Dang area that were also named because of their shapes. Yangcheng's analysis of Chengshan Mountain in the Qing Dynasty's "Shanxi Tongzhi" said that "the peaks are like a city on all sides, tall and precipitous, and stand out from the other mountains, covering a circle of forty miles." Chronicles of Yangcheng in the Ming Dynasty: "The mountain peaks are like a city on all sides, with four gates in the east, west, south and north, so it is called the City of Analysis." Tunliu Sanwei Mountain is named after its three towering peaks. "Shuowen Jiezi": "The mountain where the peaks gather is called Wei. There are three mountains in Tun today, which means that the three peaks gather together."

Sanchuigang is actually a Sanwei Mountain, but it is in the "Three Mountains" On the basis of the three towering peaks of "Mountain Weishan", it also has the added meaning that the three peaks extend in three directions.

Some people may say that in ancient times, the three mountains of Dagang, Ergang and Sangang were connected into one body. There were three main peaks on the entire Sanchuigang. Later, the ground collapsed, causing the three mountains to be disconnected, and the three mountains were connected. Sanchuigang is a perfect combination of two views, Dagang Mountain and Sanchuigang, which are composed of three mountains: Dagang, Ergang and Sanchuigang. It not only meets the requirements of the three main peaks of Sanchuigang and the orientation The three parties' definition of "Sanchui" also takes into account the argument that Sanchuigang is composed of three mountains: Dagang, Ergang and Sangan. Is it reasonable?

Looking at the descriptions of the Sanchuigang Mountains in the local chronicles of the past dynasties, we can see that the two opinions cannot coexist.

"Lucheng County Chronicles" written by Wanli of the Ming Dynasty: "Sanchui Mountain is located 20 miles southwest of the county. General Wang Guang of the Jin Dynasty once defeated Liu Cong and general Qiao took advantage of it. In the Five Dynasties, Emperor Zhuangzong of the Tang Dynasty ambushed here and destroyed Liang and destroyed the stronghold. "

"Lu'an Prefecture Chronicles" written by Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty: "Sanchui Mountain is located twenty miles southwest of the county. Sanfu gradually lowers into a jingle shape, which is the protection of the county. "

"Lucheng County Chronicles" written by Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty: "Sanchui Mountain is located 20 miles southwest of the city. It is 352 feet high, nine miles long, and has a surrounding area of ​​28 miles. The three peaks gradually become lower and lower like a jingle. Under the protection of Shangdang, General Wang Guang of the former Jin Dynasty defeated Liu Cong and led Qiao to take advantage of it. Emperor Zhuangzong of the Tang Dynasty ambushed here and destroyed the stronghold.

"Lu'an Prefecture Annals" written by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty: "Three Chui." The mountain is 20 miles southwest of the county, 352 feet high, 9 miles wide and 18 miles wide. It is the place where Zhuangzong of the later Tang Dynasty ambushed the enemy."

Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty. "Lucheng County Chronicles": "In the southwest plain of the county, the three towers standing out suddenly are called Sanchuigang. The hills are nine miles wide and 352 feet high."

"Shanxi Tongzhi·Volume Nineteen": "Sanchui Mountain is located twenty miles southwest of the county, 352 feet high, nine miles wide, and eighteen miles away, with Sanfu. Jin Zhi: There is Sanchui Mountain in Lucheng."

"Lucheng County Chronicles" of the Republic of China: "In the southwest plain of the county, the Sanfu jutting out is called Sanchuigang, which is thirty-nine feet, eight feet and four inches high.

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The keywords used when mentioning Sanchuigang are "Sanfu sudden confrontation", "9 miles in the vastness", "18 miles on Tuesday", "Zhuangzong's ambush in the Later Tang Dynasty" ", these records are highly consistent with the field inspection of Dagang Mountain by Wang Xusheng and I. In particular, the "9 miles" is exactly the length of Dagang Mountain. If Sanchuigang is composed of Dagang, Ergang and Sanchuigang , the three mountains are lined up in a row, extending to the area of ​​Aoli Village in Luzhou District. They are definitely not Changjiuli and Tuesday eighteen miles.

Taking Sanchuigang as a reference, To the south of Sanchui Gang is the ancient town of Nanchui, which still exists today; to the north of Sanchui Gang is the ancient town of Beicui (now Nanshe and Beishe in Lucheng). In the Ming Dynasty, the inscription on the tomb of Beichui Jia Ju Feng records that Beichui was then Beichui Beili. .

Sanchuigang is also called Longgang, as evidenced by the Qing Dynasty inscriptions at Guandi Temple in Chongdao Village.

I believe that as time goes by, it will be found that Sanchuigang is Dagang. More evidence of mountains!

Author: Wang Lujun Wang Xusheng