Millennium Puzzle: Where is Yunmeng Mountain where Guiguzi lives in seclusion?
Guiguzi's real name
It has always been difficult to verify, and even whether this person really exists is controversial. Before the Jin Dynasty, it was said that this man was named Guiguzi after the place name of his secluded place. From the Jin Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, there were documents slowly recording the name of Guiguzi, saying that Guiguzi was surnamed Wang and given a name such as Xun or Xu, and so on. However, most of these ancient books, which record Guiguzi's name, are fantastic books such as Biography of Immortals and Taiping Guangji, which are not credible.
Guiguzi's disciple
The world is most familiar with Pang Juan, Sun Bin, Zhang Yi and Su Qin. However, only Su Qin and Zhang Yi explicitly mentioned in the Historical Records that he studied under Guiguzi, "learned from the East and learned from Mr. Guiguzi" (see Biography of Su Qin) and "Mr. Guiguzi, who first tasted everything with Su Qin" (see Biography of Zhang Yi). But as far as these two sentences in Historical Records are concerned, the textual research of historians is often ambiguous. Due to the lack of records about Guiguzi and his academic studies in the ancient books of pre-Qin period and Han Shu Literature and Art Annals.
Ancient books in pre-Qin dynasty have been lost after natural and man-made disasters. The lack of sufficient documentary records does not mean that the records in historical records must be wrong. After all, Sima Qian's era is closer to the pre-Qin period, and the ancient books available for reference are more informative and reliable than our modern ones.
Rumors of Mr. Guigu's seclusion
There are always different opinions about Mr. Guigu's seclusion, Guigu. Right and wrong are even more mysterious. The Tang Sima Zhen's "Searching for the Hidden" for "Historical Records" thinks: "Ghost Valley, the place name is also. Fufeng Chiyang, Yingchuan Yangcheng has a ghost valley market. Guy lives where he lives. Because of the quantity. " Here Sima Zhen is not sure where the Ghost Valley is, but lists two places. And there is a word "Gai", that is, Mr. Guigu's seclusion is probably in these two places.
In addition to this statement, some people think that Ghost Valley is in Dangyang, Hubei. For example, The Jade Emperor Jisheng said that Dangyang Guigudong is "the hiding place of Guiguzi". Some people think that it is different in Qixian County, Henan Province today. In short, there are many names of "Ghost Valley"!
one
Judging from the geographical position at that time. What we can't ignore is that ancient traffic was extremely inconvenient, not to mention the Warring States period more than 2,000 years ago.
"Biography of Su Qin" said: "Su Qin was from Luoyang in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty".
Biography of Zhang Yi: "Zhang Yi, also".
"Historical Records" says: "Dr. Jin is old, and there is a city on the east side of the river. Zhang is a battleground. "
It can be said with certainty that Zhang Yi is from Hedong (now Shanxi). At that time, Luoyang was the political, economic and cultural center of the country. Su and Zhang could only come to Yunmeng Ghost Valley, a secluded place near Luoyang and far away from the hustle and bustle of the city, to learn from their teachers.
Secondly,
According to written historical records, Guiguzi lives in seclusion in Yunmeng Guigu, Ruyang.
"Biography of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty" said, "Guiguzi, a native of Jin Pinggong, took medicine to build a temple with Mo Zhai, a poet from Yunmeng Mountain."
Sun Bin, who resigned from his father to study in seven countries, said: "I heard that there is a ghost valley in water curtain cave, Yunmeng Mountain, Ruzhou, Henan Province. He knows everything about the art of war and tactics and wants to ask him to be a teacher." Jin Pu Shi said: "There is a Taoist priest in Qingxi, a kilometer away. May I ask who this is? Clouds are guiguzi. "
Ming Zhengde's "Ruzhou Zhouzhi" said that "Yunmeng Mountain is in the south of yiyang county, and it is said that Guiguzi Temple". "Guiguzi, Jin Pinggong people in the Spring and Autumn Period, tasted Yunmengshan herbalism, and Yan Rushao lived in Qingxi Guiguzi. Su Qin and Zhang Yi asked to resign three years later. "
Qing Shunzhi's "Yiyang County Records" contains: "Yunmeng Mountain, five miles southeast, where Guiguzi hides, and Su and Zhang give books here." Now Ruyang is the original Yiyang county, which was under the jurisdiction of Ruzhou two years ago. Yunmeng Mountain is located 100 km south of Ruyang County. There is a village called Guigu Village at the foot of the mountain. Qingxi (Malan) River flows northward along the mountain and joins Ruhe River to flow into Jianghuai. Known as "Zhang Ying hangs down the wall, Qingxi moves mountains and clouds", the famous sentence has been passed down to this day.
third
According to the existing historical sites, Guiguzi in Yunmeng Mountain in Ruyang has some remains branded with Mr. Guiguzi and his disciples, such as water curtain cave (Guiguzi Cave), Yunmeng Cave (also known as Sun Bin Cave), Sun Bin's Tomb, Guiguzi Tomb, Stone Array, Tears Well, Sword Test Stone, Banquet Moon Cliff and so on. Today, water curtain cave is where Mr. Gui Gu lives and gives lectures.
"Guang Yu Ji" contains: "Guiguzi tasted here, and it is said that Su Qin and Zhang Yi gave books, hence the name Wang Chan Cave".
Henan Tongzhi is also called "Guiguzi, Chu people, and there is a cave in the southeast of Yiyang County today." Another example is the well of tears, that is, there is a well in Guigu Village at the foot of Yunmeng Mountain, which was dug by Guigu to test the ability of Su Qin and Yi Cheung.
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wang Chong's Lun Heng and other historical books recorded: "Su Qin and Zhang Yi studied Mr. Guigu vertically and horizontally and dug the ground into a pit. The teacher said,' If you say I cry, you can divide the land of the monarch', and Su Qin said that Mr. Guigu cried, but Zhang Yi refused."
Another example is Stonehenge, which is said to be the battle field of Sun Bin. According to research, the Stonehenge is indeed artificially moved, not a natural rock.
In addition, the cultural relics unearthed in Guigu Cave, Sun Bin Cave and Guigu Village in Yunmeng Mountain in recent years have been preliminarily identified, among which the earlier ones are Shi Qing of Shang and Zhou Dynasties, bronzes and bronze statues of Eastern Zhou Dynasty, relics of Han and Song Dynasties, etc. All these prove from the side that Ruyang Yunmeng Ghost Valley existed as early as Shang and Zhou Dynasties, providing strong circumstantial evidence.
Fourth.
From the local folklore, it can also be explained that there is indeed a ghost valley here. The touching story of Mr. Guigu and his disciples is still circulating in Yunmeng Guigu Village, Ruyang.
We can catch a glimpse of some place names nearby:
For example, in Manliu Village, east of Bai Shu Town, Ruyang today, it is said that Guiguzi tested the intelligence of two disciples, Sun Bin and Pang Juan, and ordered them to cut down more than 100 loads of firewood in one day. When they arrived at Baishugou, the clever Sun Bin understood Master's intention, cut down a cypress tree, got back two bundles of firewood, and soon finished the task. And Pang Juan's efforts are not enough in one day. In desperation, I put the firewood in the river and carried it away. On the way, due to the rapidity of the water, Pang Juan shouted, "Overflow! Overflow! " Today, Manliu River and Manliu Village are named after it.