Why is Tan Zhenshan's oral literature a "living fossil"?
There are many stories to master-more than a thousand; The quality and skills of storytelling are high-it is very famous and popular in the local area, and it is highly recognized by Chinese and foreign academic circles after investigation and recording; Storytelling has a long history-it has been more than sixty years since I was fourteen years old; Storytelling has a great influence-it is not only well-known in its hometown, but since the 1980s, many scholars from Chinese and foreign academic circles have come to collect stories or live in their homes to conduct in-depth investigation and research on them.
He is the first folk storyteller to go abroad so far. In 2006, Tan Zhenshan's oral literature was selected as the first batch of intangible cultural heritage projects in the State Council.
Since I was six years old, I have listened to "telling the past" and saved "money"
Tan Zhenshan's ancestral home is Tanjiazhuang, Laoting County, Hebei Province, and his ancestors moved to the northeast in 1799. 1925 Tan Zhenshan, a native of Taiping Village, Luojiafang Township, Xinmin County (now xinmin city). At the age of six, he begged his grandmother and stepfather to tell folk stories all day, which was also the beginning of "Tan Zhenshan Story".
Grandma Sun Shi's enlightenment education for her grandson began with telling stories. She left more than eighty stories to Xiao Zhenshan. Sun Shi is a villager in Shifosi Village, five miles east of Taiping Zhuang. In the early years, when the train didn't pass, the Stone Buddha Temple was once the imperial road to Beijing. Sun Shi's father, Sun Laoyu, opened a horse-drawn carriage line beside the Imperial Road to provide accommodation for pedestrians, chariots and horses traveling between the north and the south. Sun Shi helped do odd jobs in the shop since he was a child, and heard many stories from past hotel guests. She married the Tan family in her twenties, and these stories were brought from her family to her husband's family. Sun Shi doesn't have much culture, but she is smart, eloquent and says everything on her lips. She likes telling stories, and the stories she tells are also loved by others. When Tan Zhenshan was a child, the Tan family lived under one roof for four generations, and there were more than a dozen children alone. Sun Shi's storytelling is not only her own pastime, but also an important means for her to coax her children. Sun Shi is also good at telling traditional stories, "Kang Story" featuring housewives and the most distinctive ghost fox story. When Tan Zhenshan mentioned grandma, he said with emotion: "The story I heard at that time was' the sea'. If you want to tell the story of' Earth', my grandmother speaks it very well! " As you can imagine, Sun Shi must have been a rare village storyteller when he was alive.
Zhao, who followed his grandfather, was originally a carpenter in Xiushuihezi, Faku County, facing Taipingzhuang across the Liaohe River. He has great wit and is usually soft and not afraid of hard. In his hometown, his woodworking skills are very famous. When he arrived at Tan's home, he soon became a top master. Old people love their grandchildren as much as their grandfathers, especially Tan Zhenshan. Xiao Zhenshan loves to listen to stories, so the old man told Tan Zhenshan all the stories he heard when he played tricks for half his life. Zhao usually tells stories at night, most of which are weird stories, followed by some interesting life stories and jokes. Love to tell such stories has a lot to do with his cheerful and optimistic personality. He is usually good at talking and singing, and he never leaves his mouth. He also talked about some famous local scenery and legends of ancient and modern people, especially the legend of "beard" (bandit) circulating locally. He left nearly a hundred stories, which Tan Zhenshan thought was the most precious wealth left by his stepfather.
1932, in order to avoid "beard", the family sent him to his uncle Tan's home in Pangutai Village, Qili, southwest of Taiping Zhuang. My uncle studied for five or six years and is a Feng Shui teacher. That year, the arrival of Tan Zhenshan brought joy to him who had no children or daughters. He loves this nephew very much and wants to adopt Tan Zhenshan to his own name, but he failed after all. Tan Zhenshan lived in his home for two years. During this period, Tan told Tan Zhenshan more than 100 stories, most of which were filled with folk beliefs in Northeast China.
Tan Zhenshan was interviewed by reporters.
Tan's stories have obvious characteristics of witchcraft and folk belief, and the other is the story of rural ghosts. Mr. Feng Shui's occupation enables him to enter the deep houses of families in a special capacity and hear some relatively secret stories that cannot be told in public.
/kloc-in the winter of 0/934, when Tan Zhenshan was ten years old, his family moved back to Ta 'erzifen Village, Luojiafang Township, Xinmin County, and lived with Shen Doushan, an "old scholar". Shen's ancestors were very rich. When he was young, he failed in the scientific examination and lived in the village to teach and farm. He tells stories to show off his identity and knowledge. Everyone in the village called him a "liar", but he seldom told those traditional stories and ghost fox stories. Most of his stories are about emperors, princes, talented people and beautiful women. The other is the life story of those literati who oppose poetry and take poetry as the protagonist. Shen Doushan is an important story inheritor other than Tan Zhenshan's immediate family, and Tan Zhenshan received nearly 100 stories from him. Tan Zhenshan said, "I like listening to old Shen Tou telling stories. His story has' bone' (that is, taste). " /kloc-in the spring of 0/936, Tan moved to Xin 'anbao, Taiping Village, Luojiafang Township, and lived with Mr. Guo in the front and back yard. The Tan family lived in Xin 'anbao for four years, and Tan Zhenshan heard more than 50 stories from his husband. Guo is a strange country. He has been teaching all his life. When he was young, he borrowed grain to worship Buddha and preached the way of doing good. After the age of 50, he distributed his self-painted symbolic destiny of seeking safety and exorcism. He walks like a monk during the day, but he is very human at night and often tells stories to his children on his own initiative. He told all kinds of stories, taking the life story of persuading people to do good as his "specialty", and later became the "housekeeping joke" that Tan Zhenshan often told others.
The stories told by the above five people constitute the backbone of Tan Zhenshan's story type. Besides, he also heard hundreds of stories from his uncle Cui Wen, his eldest brother Tan Chengshan, a primary school teacher Li Yushu and his neighbors Zhang Xuefu and Liu Wanxin. He told the stories he heard to his classmates and began his story-telling journey.
1940 In the summer, Tan Zhenshan graduated from junior high school and began to farm at home from 1942. Folk stories gradually spread to his neighbors in his mouth. /kloc-in the winter of 0/944, Tan Zhenshan was captured by Manchukuo soldiers. 1945 "August 15" recovered, and he returned to his hometown to farm.
1948 After the liberation of Xinmin, Tan Zhenshan worked as a document in the Land Reform Farmers Association. More people asked him to tell folk stories. 1965, he successively served as village secretary, village accountant and general manager of farmland water conservancy office of Luojiafang commune. Tan Zhenshan is often seen telling stories in villages, communes and irrigation and water conservancy sites, and Tan Zhenshan has entered the climax stage of telling folk stories.
During the "Cultural Revolution", in order to seek safety, Tan Zhenshan still kept his mouth shut.
From 65438 to 0986, Xinmin found in the national folk literature survey that there were more than ten storytellers who could tell more than 100 stories, and Tan Zhenshan ranked first. Tan Zhenshan had misgivings from the beginning. His children won't let the old man talk about it. He is more worried about being labeled as "funding deep-water bombs". At this time, Xiang Yang, the stationmaster of Luojiafang Township Cultural Station, the deputy editor-in-chief of Liaoning Folk Literature Integration Editorial Committee, the chairman of xinmin city Folk Writers' Association, and the worker of the Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood, visited the house several times to mobilize, which relieved his worries. At the same time, the heads of Xinmin County Cultural Bureau and Cultural Center encouraged him constantly, and Tan Zhenshan finally opened the chatterbox that had been closed for nearly 20 years. At that time, the number of stories was 686, and now it has reached 104 1.
Professor Fan Jiang, an expert in folk literature, often "digs" Tan Zhenshan.
Tan Zhenshan can tell so many folk stories, which has attracted the attention of the media. Many editors of well-known domestic folktale publications have contributed to collectors.
1On May 5th, 988, Dr. Jyunichi Nomura, a professor at Japanese National University, and Dr. Yitian Qianbaizi, a doctor of literature in the cultural discipline of Koriyama Women's University, paid a special visit to Tan Zhenshan and collected some folk stories on the spot. 1In August, 1992, Tan Zhenshan went to Japan to attend the' 92 World Folk Fair at the invitation of the mayor of Nagano, Japan, and told his own folk stories "Girl with Broken Finger" and "Little Beauty with Fox Girl" to experts and scholars from all over the world, which caused great sensation. Many scholars and experts attending the meeting were puzzled that an ordinary farmer in China could tell such a wonderful folk story. Finally, after listening to the report "Tan Zhenshan, a farmer storyteller in China and his story activities" made by Fan Jiang, a scholar in China, everyone expressed their feelings.
Excerpt from the story "Open Your Eyes" in Tan.
1In August 1994, 70-year-old Tan Zhenshan was hired as an off-campus counselor by a local primary school. He often tells children the story of studying hard and growing into a pillar. Once, the teacher talked with him and said, "Now some students are careless in doing their homework. They either lost the period or forgot the brackets, and the format was wrong. It was so annoying. " Tan Zhenshan said: "I am an off-campus counselor. I try to remind them when I tell a story. " A few days later, Tan Zhenshan came to school to tell stories. He told a story of "white-lettered old gentleman", which contained the truth that carelessness would spoil the broth.
Tan Zhenshan tells stories for neighbors and children.
Tan Zhenshan is famous for telling the past. Neighbors come to him for big things and small feelings, especially when there is a dispute. Who called him a "celebrity"? Once, two villagers quarreled over a fence, and each said his own reasons. It happened that Tan Zhenshan was invited to meet him in the street. After hearing the ins and outs of the contradiction, he smiled and said, "Don't be shy, I'll tell you a story." The quarrel between the two families will hinder the face, and they will be silent. The young man on the side said, "Listen to Uncle Tan tell a story, and then you will continue to quarrel." This is "a fool set fire-not afraid to talk big!" Someone brought a chair to Tan Zhenshan. Because the weather is warm, everyone sits on the ground and listens-
In the Qing Dynasty, there were two rich people in Xiaotazi Street in the north of our house. In the Eastern Hospital, there is a senior official named Li in Beijing, who is a magistrate. The second child is Lanting, who is very nice. The Lao Wang family in the West Courtyard is quite rich, but he likes to take advantage of small things.
There was a heavy rain in July this year, which lasted several days. At that time, it was an earthen wall, which was soaked to the skin. The people of Lao Wang's family in the west courtyard knocked down the walls in several places in the rain the next night. When Lao Li's family found that the wall had fallen, they went to Lao Wang's house. That is to say, if they want to repair the wall, they must step on it in someone else's yard. Lao Wang's family is also very accommodating: "What's the big deal? No one needs anyone if the neighbors live." When the weather cleared up, Li Lanting found many people, holding shovels, double-toothed hooks and cribs, ready to climb the wall.
As a result, with the end of Tan Zhenshan's story, the two villagers stopped quarreling. They also said, "A distant relative is not as good as a close neighbor, and a close neighbor is not as good as the opposite. What can we do? " In 2005, Tan Zhenshan, 8 1 year-old, was invited by the School of Cultural Communication of Liaoning University to tell folk stories to undergraduates and graduate students. He was also the first person to tell folk stories in the university. This "big shot" has shot again!